MTSC Training Course Industrial Wireless Prepared by: Joe dela Cruz Date: 06-08-2010.

MTSC Training CourseIndustrial WirelessPrepared by: Joe dela Cruz

Date: 06-08-2010

Training TopicsTraining Topics

Training TopicsTraining Topics

The Basics• Wi-fi concepts, Cellular Concepts

Antennas and Long Distance Knowledge

AWK Series Killer Functions• Turbo Roaming• Dual RF Redundancy and Bridging• VLAN & QoS

OnCell Series Killer Functions• OnCell Central Manager• Routing function

In This Section You Will Learn…In This Section You Will Learn…

What’s new with AWK and OnCell products

What’s important about antennas and long distance communications.

Wi-Fi BasicsWi-Fi Basics

What is a Wireless Network?What is a Wireless Network?

A network of devices communicating over radio waves.

A wireless network eliminates data cables.

What is Wi-Fi?What is Wi-Fi?

Three short-range, unlicensed radio technologies: IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g

Standard Frequency Max/Real Throughput

Compatible with 802.11b

Typical Range

802.11b 2.4 GHz 11 Mbps/

5 Mbps

Yes Indoor: 100m

Outdoor: 200m

802.11g 2.4 GHz 54 Mbps/

20 Mbps

Yes Indoor: 100m

Outdoor: 200m

802.11a 5 GHz 54 Mbps/

20 Mbps

No Indoor: 50m

Outdoor: 100m

802.11b/g802.11b/g

802.11b speeds: 11, 5.5, 2, 1 Mbps

802.11g speeds: 54, 48, 36, 24, 28, 12, 9, 6 Mbps

Actual throughput: ~50% of supported speeds (due to network overhead)

Channels: 1~11 (US), 1~13 (EU), 1~14 (JP)

Recommended channels of use: 1, 6, 11 (avoid frequency overlap)

Regulations: FCC (US), ETSI (EU), ARIB (JP)

802.11b/g Advantages/Disadvantages802.11b/g Advantages/Disadvantages

Advantages:• Widely used• Backwards compatibility• Longer communication distance

Disadvantages:• More susceptible to interference (more devices

communicating in 2.4 GHz band)• Overlapping channels

802.11a802.11a

802.11a speeds: 54, 48, 36, 24, 28, 12, 9, 6 Mbps

Actual throughput: ~50% of supported speeds (network overhead)

5GHz Frequency bands (4 channels each): UNII-1 , UNII-2, UNII-3

Ex: UNII-1 contains ch. 36, 40, 44, 48 (all non-overlap channels)

Regulations: FCC (US), ETSI (EU), ARIB (JP)

802.11a Advantages/Disadvantages802.11a Advantages/Disadvantages

Advantages:• Less susceptible to interference (fewer devices

communicating in 5 GHz band)• All non-overlapping channels• Regulators allow higher transmit power at higher

frequencies

Disadvantages:• Shorter communication distance• Not compatible with 802.11b/g

Radio Signal SpecsRadio Signal Specs

Specs Definition Measure Unit Why Important?

Frequency Range The range of radio frequency which the signal is transmitting

MHz/GHz -Radio Signal frequency range has to match antenna’s frequency spec.

-Difference frequency range may have different interferences

Loss Loss of power in the radio signal

dB/dBm -Loss weakens the signal strength

-Use low loss cables

Transmit (Tx) Power

The power level of the signal being transmitted

mW/dBm -Higher the power, further the distance

-Power regulations in different countries

Receive (Rx) Sensitivity

The recognizable power level of the signal at the receiving end

dBm -Higher sensitivity, further the distance

-High gain antennas helps sensitivity

AP/Client ConceptAP/Client Concept

Access Point (AP)• A wireless hub• Service wireless clients• Provide filtering and security

Client• Mobile wireless device• Wireless bridge for sub-networks• Capable of roaming between APs

Backbone

LAN 1Client

LAN 2Client

AP

AP/Client Specs and SettingsAP/Client Specs and Settings

Operation mode: Device plays role of AP or Client

RF type: Select RF mode

Channel: AP and Client will use the same channel

SSID: AP and Client much have SAME SSID for association

SSID broadcast: AP broadcast SSID for passive scanning client

WDS: AP/Client connection if not enabled.

WDS/Bridge ConceptWDS/Bridge Concept

WDS (Wireless Distribution System)• Bridging APs• Wirelessly connect multiple BSS and LAN• Fixed location communication

Backbone LAN 1APAP

Different WDS ConfigurationsDifferent WDS Configurations

WDS Specs and SettingsWDS Specs and Settings

WDS: Device plays the role as bridge

AP functionality: Device also plays the role as AP (allows client connection)

WDS Settings: Enter MAC address of each bridge device in WDS link.

What is throughput?What is throughput?

Throughput is the actual data rate the device can transfer data.

In WLAN devices, throughput is roughly half of theoretical data rate (when bandwidth is not shared)

One should measure throughput to determine if actual data rate meets requirement.

Confidential

Jperf: WLAN throughput measurement tool.

http://sourceforge.net/projects/iperf

Throughput Measuring ToolThroughput Measuring Tool

Cellular BasicsCellular Basics

What is Cellular?What is Cellular?

A radio communication system that can send data over a wide area

A wireless network that gives access to network subscribers through base stations

Cellular Network Service StandardsCellular Network Service Standards

1G1G

• NMT • AMPS/TACS/ETACS

2G2G• GSM • CSD • PHS • GPRS / EDGE• CDMA2000

3G3G• W-CDMA

• UMTS (3GSM) • TD-CDMA/UMTS-TDD • TD-SCDMA • HSPA

• HSDPA • HSUPA

• HSPA+ • HSOPA

For Voice OnlyFor Voice Only

For Voice and DataFor Voice and Data

2G/3G Telecom Technology2G/3G Telecom Technology

2G: CSD/SMS/GPRS/EDGE

3G: UMTS/HSDPA

Service Download Upload Charge Rate

CSD 9.6 kbps 9.6 kbps By connection time

SMS 1120 bits/msg 1120 bits/msg By number of message

GPRS 80 kbps 20 kbps By amount of data traffic

EDGE 237 kbps 59 kbps By amount of data traffic

UMTS 384 kbps 64 kbps By amount of data traffic

HSDPA Up to 7.3 mbps 384 kbps By amount of data traffic

What is CSD?What is CSD?

CSD• Like reserving a seat for dining: Exclusive Service,

Needs Setup• Peer-to-Peer Connection• Low cost, charges are just like Voice Calls• Stands for GSM Phase 2 “Circuit Switched Data”

Modem ModemModemModem

Modem and CSD via PSTNModem and CSD via PSTN

COM1

Legacy DOSsoftware

Serial

+886289191230

CNC machine

Serial

+886289191231

CNC machine

Serial

+88689191232

CNC machine

Establish connection

Transmit and receive data

Establish connection

Transmit and receive data

CellularCellularStationStation

ElectricElectricMeterMeter

ElectricElectricMeterMeter

ElectricElectricMeterMeter

OnCell G2150 CSD ApplicationOnCell G2150 CSD Application

ElectricElectricMeterMeter

2. Transmit and receive data

1. Establish connection

CellularCellularStationStation

CellularCellularStationStation

PBX / PBX / AdministratAdministrat

oror

AT Command DialingAT Command Dialing

Modem AModem A Modem BModem B

ATD+886289191230 RINGRING

ATA

CONNECTCONNECTCONNECTCONNECT

abcd1234 abcd1234abcd1234

+++

OKOK

ATH

OKOKNO CARRIERNO CARRIER

RINGRING RING…RING…

Data ModeData Mode

Dialing (Command Mode)Dialing (Command Mode)

Command ModeCommand Mode

What is GPRS?What is GPRS?

GPRS• Typically charged per megabyte of transferred data• Stands for “General Packet Radio Service”

When Will You Need GPRS?• If you need ADSL-like modem behavior• If you want to use the Internet…

2.5G – GPRS 2.5G – GPRS (General Packet Radio service)(General Packet Radio service)

Mobile Data Service available to GSM users

GSM combined with GPRS is called 2.5 G

Billed per kbyte/Mbyte/package (128 bytes)

Packet Switched

PPP, IP supported• MMS (Multimedia Message Service)• Push Mail• High-speed Internet access for mobile phones• High-speed Internet access for PCs

What is APN?What is APN?

APN (Access Point Name) is the domain name for gateway to GPRS/internet network

APN is different for different countries and cellular operators

APN must be set correctly in order to properly register onto the 2G/3G networks

Operator may assign private APN for specific users.

What is SMS?What is SMS?

SMS• Short Message Service, for human-readable messages• Low data volume: 140 bytes maximum

• 140 hexa characters or• 160 ACSII characters or• 70 uni-codes

When will you need SMS?• If you want to receive text messages…• If your application transfers messages infrequently• Or you have a low volume of messages

SMS to Whom?SMS to Whom?

Press Ctrl+ZCtrl+Z here

Set 7-bits Ascii

Send my message to…

You’ve Got Mail!!You’ve Got Mail!!

You’ve Got Mail!!

Show Me!!

Detailed Message & Info

SMS Tunnel without AT CommandsSMS Tunnel without AT Commands

Serial-to-SMS

SMS-to-Serial SMS Data Format

• Text• Binary (8 bits)• Unicode (UCS2)

Antenna and Long Distance Antenna and Long Distance KnowledgeKnowledge

Basic Antenna ConceptBasic Antenna Concept

Transmit

- Power flow thru induces RF wave

Receive

- RF wave induces power

- Receiver tuned to a specific frequency to pick up specific RF

Antenna Selection (Omni Antenna)Antenna Selection (Omni Antenna)

Longer Distance But narrow range due to

the same power

Antenna SelectionAntenna Selection(Semi-Directional Antenna)(Semi-Directional Antenna)

Yagi Antenna Patch Antenna

Characteristics of the AntennasCharacteristics of the Antennas

Omni-directional Dipole-360 degree coverage-Short distance applications-Service mobile clients

Directional Panel / Patch -Less than 90 degrees of coverage -Long distance applications -Service fixed location clients/bridges.

Basic Antenna Spec ExampleBasic Antenna Spec Example

Technical information • Frequency ： 2400 - 2500MHz • Gain ： 12 dBi • Polarization ： Vertical • Beamwidth deg vertical & horizontal ：

Horz.360°Vert.7° • VSWR：≦ 1.5 ： 1 • Impedance ： 50 Ohm

Dimensions • Length ： H1500 ㎜• Weight ： 850 g • Connector ： N-type / female

Antenna Gain ComparisonAntenna Gain Comparison

Higher gain means stronger (both) sent and received signals; watch for the regulation in your country

Antenna Type Gain Range

Omni Antenna 2~12dBi

Semi-Directive Antenna 5~18dBi

High Gain Antenna 20~40dBi

Beamwidth and plane field pattern Beamwidth and plane field pattern

HPBW – Half Power Beamwidth ( 3dB )

The beam width is about 65° and the gain is about 9 dBi. (Patch panel example)

Deployment ConsiderationDeployment Consideration

Matching polarity on both sides

Power Budget – Enough Gain? Low loss?

Free space loss – is the distance achievable?

Site Survey – Use Network Stumbler

Antenna height

Antenna alignment (pointing direction)• Jperf or Chariot is useful!• Use GPS and compass for tuning angle• Check RSSI, bit rate, noise level, throughput…

Confidential

Antenna PolarityAntenna Polarity

Polarity must match (vertical or horizontal)

Power BudgetPower Budget

WP II

AP

pigtail cable

Lightning Protector

RF Cable Antenna

WP II

Client

pigtail cable

Lightning Protector

RF CableAntenna

+ Transmit Power

- LOSS Cable/connectors

+ Antenna Gain + Antenna Gain

- LOSS Cable/connectors

RSL (receive signal level) > sensitivity + Fade Margin

- Path Loss over link distance

Free space LossFree space Loss

Loss of power in free air

Free Space Loss (dB) = 36.56 + 20Log10(Frequency) + 20Log10(Distance in miles)

Lower the frequency for less loss of free space Use 2.4 GHz for long distance!

Antenna HeightAntenna Height

Antenna height helps to avoid obstacles

Higher Antenna helps LOS (line of sight) and Fresnel Zone

MOXA Wireless Distance CalculatorMOXA Wireless Distance Calculator

http://www.moxa.com/Event/IW/2009/Industrial_Wireless_Typology/calculator/index.aspx

Calculated DistanceCalculated Distance

Antenna Height EstimationAntenna Height Estimation

Free Space Loss EstimationFree Space Loss Estimation

Antenna Tilting Angle EstimationAntenna Tilting Angle Estimation

Flexible and Powerful SolutionsFlexible and Powerful Solutionsfor Long-distance Transmissionfor Long-distance Transmission

Extend your IEEE802.11 applications farther (10-20km)

Protocol-level solution (~10km)

• Communication Parameter adjustment

• High-gain antenna

PHY-level solution (~20km)

• Booster/ Power Amplifier

• High-power RF module

(200/800mW)

AP Client

Distance

TX

RX

Laptop1Endpoint 1

Laptop2Endpoint 2

Enable 200mW Tx Power

(Default Disable)

Set Distance

Fix Antenna to have higher Performance

Long Distance Communication TestsLong Distance Communication Tests

5km testing site

10km testing site

Test ResultsTest Results Distance: 5.3

Km 2.4G Antenna Gain

Throughput (Mbps) 9 dBi 12 dBi 18 dBi

Tx 3.758 13.966 17.498

Rx 5.064 12.922 17.574

5G Antenna Gain

Throughput (Mbps) 9 dBi 12 dBi 18 dBi

Tx N/A N/A 9.662

Rx N/A N/A 9.508

Distance: 10.11 Km

2.4G Antenna Gain

Throughput (Mbps) 9 dBi 12 dBi 18 dBi

Tx Under Test Under Test 9.715

Rx Under Test Under Test 8.559

AWK Series Killer FunctionsAWK Series Killer Functions

Turbo RoamingTurbo Roaming

Roaming/ Reconnection Steps:

RSSI/DR ↓

Disconnection

Scanning

Authentication

Association Done

Non-proprietary vs. Proprietary RoamingNon-proprietary vs. Proprietary Roaming

Techniques to improve roaming efficiencyTechniques to improve roaming efficiency

1. Separate the APs properly

AP1 AP2

AP1 AP2

Lower the frequency of roaming switch andmake roaming efficient

2. Unify the channel utilizationAP1 AP2 AP3 AP42Ch=1 Ch=4 Ch=7 Ch=10

AP1 AP2 AP3 AP42Ch=1 Ch=6 Ch=1 Ch=6

AP1 AP2 AP3 AP42Ch=1 Ch=1 Ch=1 Ch=1

Lower the time consumption of dedicated AP searching to make roaming efficient

High Speed Mobile ClientHigh Speed Mobile Client

470m

60 ~ 70 km/hr100 km/hr

fiber

AP1AP2

Client

enet enetEDS EDS

Turbo Roaming™ TechnologyTurbo Roaming™ Technologyfor Rapid Handovers within WLANfor Rapid Handovers within WLAN

AWK client supports fast handover, even with a speed up to 100km/hr

Easy-to-use solution• No proprietary protocol or AP needed• One click to enable Turbo Roaming• No performance drop during background scanning

Deploy APs properly and avoid bug light effect and ping-pong effect site survey and planning

Avoid unnecessary roaming andmake roaming efficient

1

2

34

5 1

2

3

AWK Series Killer FunctionsAWK Series Killer Functions

Dual RF Redundancy & BridgingDual RF Redundancy & Bridging

Redundant Wireless LinkRedundant Wireless Link

2.4GHz

11ch@2.4GHz or 36ch@ 5GHz

(Stand-by)

Dual-RF(as Master)

Dual-RF(as Slave)

Redundant Wireless LinkRedundant Wireless Link

2.4GHz

11ch@2.4GHz or 36ch@ 5GHz

(Active)

Dual-RF(as Master)

Dual-RF(as Slave)

The wireless link is recovered, but some packets may be lost…

Highly Stable and Reliable Wireless NetworkHighly Stable and Reliable Wireless Network – Redundant Dual RF Solution – Redundant Dual RF Solution

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Advanced Redundant Wireless (1)Advanced Redundant Wireless (1)

2.4GHz

11ch@2.4GHz or 36ch@ 5GHz

(Concurrently used)

Chance for better Throughput

AWK-5222(as Master)

AWK-5222(as Slave)

The wireless link can performquite well in a normal state.

Advanced Redundant Wireless (2)Advanced Redundant Wireless (2)

2.4GHz

11ch@2.4GHz or 36ch@ 5GHz

(in use)

AWK-5222(as Master)

AWK-5222(as Slave)

The wireless link remains, and no packet will be lost…

Max throughput for the utilized channel

Dual RF AWK-5222/6222 Dual RF AWK-5222/6222 – Wireless Redundancy Mode– Wireless Redundancy Mode

Also supports single RF clientsAlso supports single RF clients

Dual RF – Wireless Bridge ModeDual RF – Wireless Bridge Mode

High-performance Wireless Bridging for High-performance Wireless Bridging for NLOS CommunicationNLOS Communication

WLAN1 as slave

WLAN2 as Master

WLAN1 as slave

WLAN2 as Master WLAN1 as slave

WLAN2 as Master

WLAN1 as slave

WLAN2 as Master

The local clients can be served as well…The local clients can be served as well…

WLAN1 as slave WLAN2 as Master WLAN1 as slave WLAN2 as Master

AWK-3121 (Client mode)

Bridge Mode – Provide Extra AP Bridge Mode – Provide Extra AP FunctionFunction

AWK Series Killer FunctionsAWK Series Killer Functions

VLAN & QoSVLAN & QoS

What is multiple SSID? What is multiple SSID?

An SSID is similar to a wireless LAN port, wherein an SSID serves clients with the same SSID.

An AP with multiple SSIDs can allow clients with different SSIDs to connect to the AP (similar to devices connected to different ports on a switch)

Client SSID = HOME

Client SSID = GUESTAP

SSID1 = HOMESSID2 = GUEST

Multiple SSID + VLANMultiple SSID + VLAN

Wireless VLAN (802.1Q) can be realized based on SSID grouping.

Client SSID = HOME

Client SSID = GUEST

APSSID1 = HOMESSID2 = GUEST

Client SSID = HOME

Client SSID = GUEST

Wireless VLAN1

Wireless VLAN2

TRUNK

VLAN SW

Multiple SSID SettingsMultiple SSID Settings

SSID1

SSID2

VLAN SettingsVLAN Settings

VLAN1

VLAN2

TRUNK

Why is QoS (quality of service) Why is QoS (quality of service) important?important?

Give priority to strict latency data traffic such as multimedia data (voice > video > best effort > background)

Improve user experience for voice and video streaming applications.

Traffic contention management

The Wi-Fi Alliance started interoperability certification for WMM (Wi-Fi Multimedia) as a profile of the IEEE 802.11e QoS extensions for 802.11 networks.

Download WMM for WiFi whitepaper from WiFi Alliance:http://www.wi-fi.org/files/wp_1_WMM%20QoS%20In%20Wi-Fi_9-1-04.pdf

Example: Wi-Fi Multimedia NetworkExample: Wi-Fi Multimedia Network

WMM Access CategoriesWMM Access Categories

Example of effect on WMM on a video Example of effect on WMM on a video streamstream

Enable WMM on AWKEnable WMM on AWK

WMM Enabled

Confidential

AWK WMM test resultsAWK WMM test resultsWMM Enabled

WMM Disabled

OnCell Series Killer FunctionsOnCell Series Killer Functions

OnCell Central ManagerOnCell Central Manager

What is the problem with having What is the problem with having private IPs?private IPs?

Private IPs are hidden from the public domain

If both Host and Modem have private IPs, they will not be able to “see” each other and thus cannot communicate

OnCell CentralServer

Device Host

Private IP Domain

Public IP Domain

Private IP Domain

Ethernet

Serial

OnCell Device

Ethernet Device

Serial Device

OnCell Central Manager

Issues with Private IPIssues with Private IP

192.168.1.1

192.168.1.1

192.168.127.1

MOXA’s Solution: OnCell CentralMOXA’s Solution: OnCell Central OnCell Central Server allows private IP hosts

and OnCells to communicate with each other.

OnCell Central Basic IdeaOnCell Central Basic Idea

Host and OnCell both make connection with OnCell Central Server

OnCell Central Server assigns designated ports for Host to connect to Serial and/or Ethernet devices attached to OnCell

OnCell Central Manager allows Host to monitor the connection status of OnCell and devices

OnCell Central OnCell Central ServerServer

Install OnCell Central Manager

Select Network Connection Interface

Set Control Ports

Set User Ports

STARTUP

OnCell Device ConfigurationOnCell Device Configuration

Set Ethernet Device

Enable OnCell Central Server

Set Device Settings

OnCell CentralServer

DeviceHostEthernet

Serial

OnCell Device

Ethernet Device

Serial Device

OnCell Central Manager

TCP Client

TCP Server

Private IP

Public IP

Private IP

Solution:Solution:

Public IP address + Port #

Connection and management of remote devicesConnection and management of remote devices

Standard TCP/IP socket connectionStandard TCP/IP socket connection

Compatibility with application softwareCompatibility with application software

OnCell Series Killer FunctionsOnCell Series Killer Functions

Routing FunctionRouting Function

Ethernet data can be transferred transparently via cellular network to establish remote control of Ethernet devices

LAN routed to InternetLAN routed to Internet

Connection to the internet

Confidential

NAT Routing FunctionNAT Routing Function

NAT function allows LAN data to be routed onto the public WAN port

OnCell G3100 has NAT automatically enabled

OnCell 5004 has NAT manually enabled

Virtual Server ModeVirtual Server Mode A virtual server device acts as a server device

on the public domain

The virtual server device port forwards data to the actual physical server

Connection from the internet

1

4

7

5

1. Click System Management Misc. Network Settings Virtual Server Settings2. Select TCP3. Enter TCP Client’s (Host) Dest. Port.4. Enter TCP Server’s (Ethernet Device) LAN IP5. Enter TCP Server’s (Ethernet Device) Local Port

6. Check Enable7. Click Submit

2 3

6

OnCell’s Virtual Server ModeOnCell’s Virtual Server Mode

Static RoutingStatic Routing

OnCell 5004 supports static routing

Thank you for joining MTSC 2009!Thank you for joining MTSC 2009!