Motion Capture in 3D Animation
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Motion Capture in Motion Capture in 3D Animation3D Animation
Edward TseEdward Tse
Motion Capture as a Motion Capture as a ToolTool Motion capture (MOCAP) is an Motion capture (MOCAP) is an
effective 3D animation tool for effective 3D animation tool for realistically capturing human realistically capturing human motion motion
OutlineOutline
RotoscopingRotoscoping The MOCAP PipelineThe MOCAP Pipeline Limitations of MOCAPLimitations of MOCAP The Future of MOCAPThe Future of MOCAP
By the Power of
Appendix B!!
RotoscopingRotoscoping
Captured VideoCaptured Video
HistoryHistory
Johnston, et al., 1995Johnston, et al., 1995
RotoscopingRotoscopingHistoryHistory
TracingTracing
Johnston, et al., 1995Johnston, et al., 1995
RotoscopingRotoscoping
Post ProcessingPost Processing
Johnston, et al., 1995Johnston, et al., 1995
The MOCAP PipelineThe MOCAP Pipeline
CalibrationCalibration CaptureCapture 3D Position Reconstruction3D Position Reconstruction Fitting to the SkeletonFitting to the Skeleton Post ProcessingPost Processing
CaptureCapture
Optical Magnetic Mechanical
Costa-Sousa, M., 2004Costa-Sousa, M., 2004
Infra Red LEDsInfra Red LEDs
Magnetic Transmitter
PotentiometersPotentiometers
CalibrationCalibration
Image Image SpaceSpace
World World SpaceSpace
(X,Y)(X,Y) (X,Y,Z)(X,Y,Z)
(X,Y)(X,Y) (X,Y,Z)(X,Y,Z)
(X,Y)(X,Y) (X,Y,Z)(X,Y,Z)
3D Position 3D Position Reconstruction Reconstruction (Utopia)(Utopia)
PCIkC
PCIkC
2222
1111 CIkCCIkC 22221111
CIkCCIkC
CIkCCIkCCIkCCIkC
zzzzzz
yyyyyy
xxxxxx
22221111
22221111
22221111
3D Position 3D Position Reconstruction Reconstruction (Reality)(Reality)
Multiple MarkersMultiple Markers
For small number of markers: SizeFor small number of markers: Size Occlusions are a problemOcclusions are a problem Multiple Hypothesis TrackingMultiple Hypothesis Tracking
Ringer, et al., 2002
C1
C2
Multiple MarkersMultiple Markers
Mechanical Optical HybridsMechanical Optical Hybrids
http://www.animazoo.com/services/gypsyHybrid.htmhttp://www.animazoo.com/services/gypsyHybrid.htm
Fitting to the SkeletonFitting to the Skeleton
Utopian approachUtopian approach– 10 – 20% length 10 – 20% length
changeschanges Markers on both Markers on both
sidessides Joint Joint
DisplacementDisplacement Use Rotation Use Rotation
Angles OnlyAngles Only
Post ProcessingPost Processing
Motion EditingMotion Editing– Cut, Copy, PasteCut, Copy, Paste
Motion WarpingMotion Warping– Speed up or Slow DownSpeed up or Slow Down– Rotate, Scale or TranslateRotate, Scale or Translate
Motion Signal ProcessingMotion Signal Processing– Smoother MotionsSmoother Motions
Limitations of MOCAPLimitations of MOCAP
Subject to data inaccuracySubject to data inaccuracy ExpensiveExpensive
DeviceDevice Cost for Body Cost for Body capture (USD)capture (USD)
MechanicalMechanical $20’000 – $30’000$20’000 – $30’000
ElectromagnetiElectromagneticc
$100’000 – $100’000 – $120’000$120’000
OpticalOptical $90’000 – $210’000$90’000 – $210’000
Limitations of MOCAPLimitations of MOCAP
Only realistic motion capturedOnly realistic motion captured– Cartoony Animations not possibleCartoony Animations not possible
WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get)WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get)– Can’t add more expressionCan’t add more expression– Continally need to recapture motionContinally need to recapture motion
Robertson, B., 2001
The Future of MOCAPThe Future of MOCAP
Markerless MOCAPMarkerless MOCAP Cheaper MOCAPCheaper MOCAP MOCAP as Input to Large DisplaysMOCAP as Input to Large Displays
hollywoodjesus.com
Ngan, S., 2004Bregler et al., 2002
ConclusionConclusion
Motion capture (MOCAP) is an Motion capture (MOCAP) is an effective 3D animation tool for effective 3D animation tool for realistically capturing human realistically capturing human motion motion
Questions?
ReferencesReferences
Johnston, O., Thomas, F., (1995) The Illusion of Life: Disney Johnston, O., Thomas, F., (1995) The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation, Disney Editions, ISBN: Animation, Disney Editions, ISBN: 0786860707 0786860707
Costa-Sousa, M. (2004) Motion Synthesis, Powerpoint Costa-Sousa, M. (2004) Motion Synthesis, Powerpoint PresentationPresentation
Parent, R. (2002) Computer Animation: Algorithms and Parent, R. (2002) Computer Animation: Algorithms and Techniques, Morgan Kaufmann PublishingTechniques, Morgan Kaufmann Publishing
Ringer, M., Lasenby, J. (2002) Multiple Hypothesis Tracking Ringer, M., Lasenby, J. (2002) Multiple Hypothesis Tracking for Automatic Optical Motion Capture, European Conference for Automatic Optical Motion Capture, European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV ’02)on Computer Vision (ECCV ’02)
Robertson, B. (2001) Medieval Magic, Computer Graphics Robertson, B. (2001) Medieval Magic, Computer Graphics World, April 2001. World, April 2001.
Tse, E. (2004) The Single Display Groupware Toolkit, MSc Tse, E. (2004) The Single Display Groupware Toolkit, MSc Thesis, University of Calgary, Ab, CanadaThesis, University of Calgary, Ab, Canada
Bregler, C., Loeb, L., Chuang, E., Deshpande, H., (2002) Bregler, C., Loeb, L., Chuang, E., Deshpande, H., (2002) Turning to the Masters: Motion Capturing Cartoons, Turning to the Masters: Motion Capturing Cartoons, Proceedings of ACM Siggraph 2002 pp 399 – 407.Proceedings of ACM Siggraph 2002 pp 399 – 407.
vicon.com, inition.co.uk, polhemus.com, wikipedia.org, vicon.com, inition.co.uk, polhemus.com, wikipedia.org, animazoo.com, animazoo.com, hollywoodjesus.comhollywoodjesus.com
Bonus SlidesBonus Slides
Stuff that’s too cool for you!Stuff that’s too cool for you!
StatsStatsInput Device Frame Rate
Range (hz)
Position Accuracy
Orientation Accuracy
Latency & range
Maximum Points tracked
Use in Movies Cost Range (USD)
Polhemus (Magnetic)
60-240 .03in RMS static0.00015in at 12in range
.15° RMS static
0.0012° at 12in range
3.5ms5 ft
16 Woody and Hamm in Toy Story, The Chandelier in Beauty and the Beast
$8’495 - $21’925
Vicon (Optical)
166-10’000 1/117’600in or 0.02 of a Pixelup to 4MP
No camera limit
500 Sony, Nintendo, Microsoft, Boeing,
$89’170 - $209’920
Ascension ReActor 2 (Magnetic)
100 0.08cm RMS at 1.52m range
0.5° RMS at 1.52m range
4.11m x 4.11m area
30 $99,410 - $102’315
Gypsy (Mechanical) wireless possible
12-120 No Absolute position
1° 200m 42 $20’000 - $27’000
θ1
θ2
CalibrationCalibration
OutlineOutline
History History Motion Capture PipelineMotion Capture Pipeline LimitationsLimitations Future WorkFuture Work
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