Modern China: A Capsule History

Modern China: A Capsule History

The Impact of the West on 19th and 20th Century China

The Manchu Conquest of China: 1644

Imposition of the Queue

Manchu conquest of Taiwan: Koxinga and the anti-Qing rebellion 1661-1683

The Kangxi Emperor: Longest Reigning Chinese Emperor: 1661-1722

The Manchus become Confucian: Heirs to the Mandate of Heaven

The Jesuits and their role

Astronomers Translators Missionaries Weapons

manufacturers Cartographers Advisors

Matteo Ricci

The Qianlong Emperor: 1735-1796

Map of Ming dynasty (1368-1644)

The Conquest of Tibet and Xinjiang

Tibetan Buddhism at the Qing Court

The Canton system of Trade: Macau as the gateway to China

Qianlong meets George McCartney: A clash of Two worlds

The Opium War: “The most disreputable War Britain eve fought” Gladstone

Motivation: the British thirst for tea and trade Destabilization: Payment in silver as China

wanted nothing the British produced Problem: Imbalance in trade Solution: Illegal importation of Opium into

China

Commissioner Lin and the successful suppression of Opium

China loses the war: outgunned and with backward technology

The Treaty of Nanjing: 1842: First Unequal Treaty

Cede Island of Hong Kong in perpetuity Open 5 pots to trade: Guangzhou (Canton),

Xiamen (Amoy), Foochow (Fuzhou), Ningpo (Ningbo), Shanghai.

Pay 21 Million dollars reparations Extraterritoriality Most Favored Nation Clause

Second Opium War: Causes

Desire for free trade Desire to travel in interior Desire for missionary activity Desire for legalization of opium Desire for diplomatic relations

Treaties of Tianjin and Aigun

Europeans right to have legations in Beijing 10 cities opened for trade and residence Foreign ships navigate freely on Yangtse

river Foreigners right to travel, trade, and

proselytize in China 6 million dollar indemnity Russia got the maritime Province

Storming of the Dagu )Taku) Forts

Flight of the Xian FengEmperor to Chengde

Destruction of the Summer Palace

Convention of Beijing: second unequal treaty 1860

Confirm Tianjin Treaty Cede Kowloon to Britain Open Tianjin as treaty port Chinese laborers allowed to emigrate

overseas

Rebellions: Taiping, Nian, Muslim: 1850-1878

Transfer of power from Manchus to Chinese Transfer of power from Center to provinces Weakening of Central government Allowing further Western Imperialism Awakening desire for change among

Chinese youth Sense of doom among youth

Rebels and Mandarins

Zeng Guofan

Cixi and the maintenance of power

Balancing act Position as regent Raising fear of

foreigners and Chinese Personal friendship Bestowal of favors

The Marble Boat in the new Summer Palace

The Sino-Japanese War: 1895

Li Hong Zhang Shimonoseki

Treaty of Shimonoseki

Cession of Taiwan to Japan 200 million dollar indemnity China recognize independence of Korea Cede Liaodong Peninsula to Japan (reversed

by Triple Intervention by Russia, France and Germany)

Open more ports and rivers to trade

Guangxu Emperor and the 100 days of reform

Boxer Rebellion: Defense of the British Legation

The Boxer Rebellion

A Boxer and the International Relief force

Russo-Japanese war: control of railroads in Manchuria

The Russo Japanese War: fought over Manchuria (China)

Sun Yat-sen and the revolution of 1912

Sun’s Three Principles of the People: San Min Zhu Yi

Nationalism: Min Zu Democracy: Min Quan Socialism (people’s welfare): Min Sheng

The Accidental Revolution: 1912: The end of the imperial system and the establishment of a Republic

Yuan Shi Kai becomes President

The May fourth Movement: The first modern student movement

Founding of the Chinese Communist Party

Chen Duxiu

Li Dazhao

Mao Zedong as a Young Man

Founding member of CCP

Reinterpreter of Leninism for Chinese conditions

Interested in the peasants

Zhu De: Leader of the Red Army

Jiang Jie Shi (Chiang Kai Shek) and the Northern Expedition

Massacre of Communists

End of the first United Front in Shanghai

Nationalists turned on the Communists and massacred them in Shanghai

Resulted in split of the Nationalist party Renewed civil war against the Communists Communists in city virtually destroyed Mao flees to countryside in Jinggangshan

Retreat to Jinggangshan

Civil War: the Long March

Japanese invasion and creation of the state of Manchukuo: Puyi crowned as emperor in 1932

Start of the Sino Japanese War: 1937: Lugoujiao (Marco Polo Bridge)

The start of the Anti-Japanese war

Nanjing Massacre

Chiang, Meiling, and General Stillwell in Chungking (Chongqing)

Cairo Conference: China comes of Age and the unequal treaties are abolished

The End of the Anti-Japanese War and the Continuation of the Civil War between the Nationalists and Communists

Mao Proclaims the Establishment of the People’s Republic of China

Jiang Jie Shi (Chiang Kai Shek) fled to Taiwan

Jiang’s memorial Hall in Taipei

Major events from 1949 to Today

Rebuilding China Korean War 100 Flowers Movement and Anti-Rightist

Campaign Great Leap Forward Invasion of Tibet and flight of Dalai Lama Tension over Taiwan

More events

The Sino-Soviet Split: who are China’s Friends

The Great Proletarian Revolution Nixon’s visit to China

President Nixon goes to China: 1972

The New China: “Socialism with Chinese Characteristics”

Deng Xiaoping comes to power:

“It doesn’t matter if a cat is a white cat or a black cat as long as it catches the mice.”

“To Get rich is Glorious”