Transcript
Outline
• History
• Introduction
• Sensors
• Actuators
• Mechanical Elements
• Mechanism
• Basic Components
• Types
History
• Milling machines were first invented and developed by Eli Whitney(1798) to mass produce interchangeable musket parts. Although crude, these machines assisted man in maintaining accuracy and uniformity while duplicating parts that could not be manufactured with the use of a file.
Introduction Of Milling
• A milling machine is a tool found primarily in the metalworking industry. In general, these machines are used to shape solid products by eliminating excess material in order to form a finished product
• A milling machine is usually capable of cutting a wide variety of metals, ranging from aluminum to stainless steel. Depending on the material being cut, the machine can be set to move at a faster or slower pace. Softer materials are generally milled at higher speeds while harder materials usually require slower speeds. In addition, harder materials often require smaller amounts of material to be milled off at one time.
Sensors
• Sensor Tool for Automated Material Inspection in Milling Machines
• Automatic tool changer
• Coolant system
• Encloser.
12 volt linear actuator
• A linear actuator is an actuator that creates motion in a straight line, in contrast to the circular motion
• When something needs to be raised, lowered, pushed, pulled, rotated, positioned, lifted, shifted or moved 12 volt linear actuators are used
Mechanical elements
• Milling cutters:The cutting tool in milling is called a milling cutter(to
perform milling operation. Remove material by their movement) .Some tasks are drilling ,slot cutting,shapes of the edges.
• Teeths:(cutting edges) the teeth enter and exit the work during
each revolution.This subjects the teeth to a cycle of impact force and thermalshock on every revolution.The tooths cuts the material.
Types of cutters
A) Straddle: more cutters are used to machine two parallel surfaces on the work piece
Mechanism
• The different tooling used in milling machines is based on material and desired shape. Because materials like wood and steel have different physical properties, different tool bits are needed to properly machine the materials. If a milling machine uses a tool bit that is not strong enough to machine steel, the tooling and even the machine itself can be damaged. Tooling that is too strong for softer materials can damage the workpiece
Basic components
• Worktable: on which the workpiece is clamped using T-slots. The table moves longitudinally relative to the saddle.
• Head: contains the spindle and cutter holders. In vertical machines, the head may be fixed or can be adjusted vertically, and it can be swiveled in a vertical plane on the column for cutting tapered surfaces.
• Knee: supports the saddle and gives the table vertical movement so that thedepth of cut can be adjusted and workpieces with various heights can be accommodated.
• Overerarm: used on horizontal machines; it is adjustable to accommodate different arbor lengths.
• Saddle: supports the table and can move in the transverse direction
Peripheral milling
• Axis of the cutter is parallel to the surface being machined, and the machining isperformed by cutting edges on the outside periphery of the cutter
Face milling
• the axis of the cutter is perpendicular to the surface being milled, and machining is performed by cutting edges on both the end and outside periphery of the cutter.
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