Micro Gas Turbine Firing Ammonia - NH3 Fuel … Micro Gas Turbine Firing Ammonia 12th Annual NH3 Fuel Conference Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL Norihiko Iki, Osamu …
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Micro Gas Turbine Firing Ammonia
12th Annual NH3 Fuel Conference
Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL
Norihiko Iki, Osamu Kurata, Takayuki Matsunuma, Takahiro Inoue, Masato
Suzuki, Taku Tsujimura and Hirohide Furutani
Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA),
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
Hideaki Kobayashi, Akihiro Hayakawa, Yoshiyuki Arakawa and Akinori Ichikawa
Tohoku University
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Contents
1. Introduction
2. Experimental Apparatus
3. Results
4. Future task
5. Summary
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Hydrogen production +
Ammonia synthesis
NH3
Renewable energy
Storage Transportation
Hydrogen station
NH3
Hydrogen
production
Ammonia Combustion
Ammonia Fuel Cell
Gas turbine
Fuel cell system
Fuel cell-powered car
Comp Turbine
Gener
ator
Image of NH3 Production and Use
•Japan starts the project of
R&D focusing on energy
carriers in 2013.
•Ammonia has become one
of the attractive energy
carriers.
•This project includes
ammonia production and
ammonia utilization.
•AIST has been responsible
for the demonstration of
gas turbine firing ammonia
to show the potential of
ammonia as a fuel.
•As the first step of the
project, AIST tried to
demonstrate a small gas
turbine firing ammonia gas
with kerosene to obtain the
knowhow concerning to
ammonia gas handling and
combustion of ammonia.
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Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute (FREA), AIST
The turbine is located
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50kW class micro gas turbine set in FREA
The gas turbine facility
50kW class micro gas turbine firing kerosene was
remodeled for power generation firing ammonia.
A standard combustor is replaced with a prototype
combustor which enables a bi-fuel supply of
kerosene and ammonia gas.
Diffusion combustion is employed to the prototype
combustor due to its flame stability.
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AIST previous work
• Micro gas turbine was remodeled to bi-fuel
operation.
• 21kW power generation was achieved by
co-firing kerosene – ammonia. 30% of
kerosene supply was replaced to ammonia
gas supply.
• About 600ppm of NOx is removed from
exhaust gas by NOx removal equipment
with proper ammonia gas supply.
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Co-firing Kerosene and Ammonia
21kW operation
Start of nitrogen gas supply
30% reduction of kerosene supply
End of nitrogen gas supply
Start of ammonia gas supply
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Co-firing Kerosene and Ammonia
Emission
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Co-firing Kerosene and Ammonia
NOx reduction
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Present work
• Increasing the ratio of ammonia gas using small amount
supply equipment of ammonia gas with 50kg cylinder.
• Large amount supply equipment with 1ton cylinder is
prepared.
• Methane gas supply equipment is prepared.
• Fuel control sequence was changed.
• Micro gas turbine operation firing ammonia was tried.
• Micro gas turbine operation firing methane and
ammonia.
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Contents
1. Introduction
2. Experimental Apparatus
3. Results
4. Future task
5. Summary
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Ammonia Supply
Gas pressure
reducing valve
50kW class
gas turbine
NOx
removal
equipment Fuel gas
compressor
50kg cylinder
(liquefied
ammonia)
Fuel gas
compressor 50kW class
gas turbine
NOx
removal
equipment
1 ton cylinder
(liquefied
ammonia)
Vaporizer
gas <0.2MPa
Gas
<0.5MPa
Liquid Pressure
reducing valve
gas
Gas
<0.5MPa
liquid <0.2MPa <216kg/day
• Large amount supply of ammonia liquid and vaporizer(Ammonia combustion)
• Small amount supply of ammonia gas(Kerosene ammonia combustion) (Temporay)
Bypass
Heating by water
Electric Heating
gas >0.35MPa
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Test facilities for micro gas turbine power generation
with small amount ammonia gas supply (50kg cylinder)
Loading equipment
Micro gas
turbine
Diesel engine
for power supply
Fuel gas compressor Kerosene tank
NOx removal equipment
50kg ammonia
cylinder
Exhaust gas
analyzer
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Test facilities for micro gas turbine power generation
with large amount ammonia gas supply(1 ton cylinder)
Gas turbine
NOx removal
equipment
1 ton ammonia cylinder Gas
compressor Vaporizer
Loading
equipment
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Power
supply
Loading
equip.
Kerosene
tank
Micro gas turbine
Gas
comp.
Water
tank
Water
tank
IR
analyzer
NOx
removal
equip. Vaporizer
N2 gas cylinders
NH3 gas cylinder
NH3
removal
tank
Vaporizer
controler
CH4 gas
cylinders
FTIR
analyzer
HX
Flow
meter
Test facilities for micro gas turbine power generation
NH3 gas
CH4 gas
N2 gas, Purge gas
Kerosene
Water
Sampling gas
Power output
Commercial power
scale 1000
sprinkler
Path
Path
Path
Layout drawing of a test facilities for micro gas power
generation
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Base Micro Gas Turbine
Combustor
Igniter
Recuperator
Specification of base micro gas turbine
Manufacturer Toyota Turbine and
System Inc. (TTS)
Cycle Regenerative cycle
Shaft Single shaft
Compressor Centrifugal one-stage
Turbine Radial one-stage
Rotating Speed 80,000rpm
Electric Power Output 50kW
Fuel Kerosene
Combustor Single can,
Diffusion combustion
• A 50kW class micro gas turbine was selected as the base engine of ammonia fueled gas
turbine.
• This gas turbine was made by TOYOTA TURBINE AND SYSTEMS INC (TTS).
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•The standard combustor is
replaced by a prototype combustor.
•Diffusion combustion is employed
in the prototype combustor due to
its flame stability.
•Prototype combustor is designed
for bi-fuel operation of kerosene
and ammonia gas fuel.
•An electric fuel controller is also
remodeled.
•A conventional swirl injector for
kerosene is set in the center of the
combustor inlet.
•Ammonia gas is supplied from 12
holes outside of the kerosene
injector.
Micro Gas Turbine Firing Ammonia
Ammonia combustor
(prototype bi-fuel combustor)
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Combustor operation sequence
Kerosene-NH3 combustion
(50kg cylinder)
Procedure Fuel
Start-up Kerosene
Increasing
electric
output
Kerosene
Opening
fuel gas
valve
Kerosene
(+N2)
Starting
NH3 supply
Kerosene
(+N2)+NH3
Stopping
N2 supply
Kerosene
+NH3
CH4-NH3
combustion
Procedure Fuel
Start-up Kerosene
Increasing
electric
output
Kerosene
Opening
fuel gas
valve
Kerosene
+CH4
Stopping
Kerosene
supply
CH4
Starting
NH3
supply
CH4+NH3
NH3
combustion
Procedure Fuel
Start-up Kerosene
Increasing
electric
output
Kerosene
Opening
fuel gas
valve
Kerosene
+NH3
Stopping
Kerosene
supply
CH4
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Contents
1. Introduction
2. Experimental Apparatus
3. Results
4. Future task
5. Summary
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Result 1
Kerosene – Ammonia combustion
with small amount ammonia gas supply
(50kg cylinder)
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Kerosene-Ammonia combustion (17kW operation)
38% reduction of kerosene supply
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Exhaust gas concentrations after NOx reduction
(Kerosene ammonia combustion)
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Result 2
Ammonia, Methane-Ammonia combustion
with large amount ammonia gas supply
(1ton cylinder)
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100% Ammonia Combustion
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Co-firing Methane and Ammonia (LHV ratio 1:1)
41.8kW operation
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NOx Emission
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Contents
1. Introduction
2. Experimental Apparatus
3. Results
4. Future task
5. Summary
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Future task Near future
• Increasing of power generation
• Flame observation under the operation
Future task and under planning
• Flame observation and measurement with a combustor test rig
• Modification of combustor (fuel injector, combustor linear, etc.)
• Development of low NOx combustor
• Starting up of a gas turbine firing methane or natural gas
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Contents
1. Introduction
2. Experimental Apparatus
3. Results
4. Future task
5. Summary
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Summary 50kW class micro gas turbine firing kerosene was remodeled for power
generation firing ammonia.
A standard combustor is replaced with a prototype combustor which
enables a bi-fuel supply of kerosene and gas fuel.
[Small amount NH3 Supply]
– 17kW power generation co-firing kerosene and ammonia was
achieved with 38% reduction of kerosene supply by supplying
ammonia gas.
[Large amount NH3 Supply]
– Large amount ammonia supply was achieved with 1ton gas cylinder.
– 41.8kW power generation firing ammonia gas was achieved.
– 41.8kW power generation co-firing of methane and ammonia gas
was achieved.
– Although NOx concentration in the exhaust gas of ammonia
combustion exceeded 600ppm, NOx removal equipment can reduce
NOx concentration below 10ppm.
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Acknowledgement
• This work was supported by Council for Science,
Technology and Innovation (CSTI), Cross-
ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion
Program (SIP), “energy carrier” (Funding agency
: JST).
• The authors also thank to Professor Kobashashi,
Tohoku University, and “Toyota Turbine and
Systems Inc.” for the advice on the combustion
technology and the operation of micro gas
turbine.
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Thank you for your attention !!
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撮影向き
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撮影向き
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撮影向き
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Temporary facilities for ammonia gas fuel supply
Micro Gas turbine
Fuel gas compressor
NOx removal equipment
Gas bomb storage
(Nitrogen, Ammonia)
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Test facilities for micro gas turbine power generation
with temporary gas supply facility
Loading equipment
Micro gas
turbine
Diesel engine
for power supply
Fuel gas compressor Kerosene tank
NOx removal equipment
Temporary gas
supply facility
Exhaust gas
analyzer
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Exchange of Combustor
Removed standard combustor
for kerosene
Micro gas turbine Installation of the prototype
combustor for ammonia
The prototype
combustor for ammonia
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Co-firing Kerosene and Ammonia (1)
25kW operation Over 25kW power generation was achieved.
Start of ammonia gas supply End of ammonia gas supply
Start of nitrogen gas supply
End of nitogen gas supply
Over 10% reduction of kerosene supply
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