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8/8/2019 MIAP Introduction
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Medical Images AnalysisMedical Images Analysisan rocess ngan rocess ng --
EmadEmad FatemizadehFatemizadeh
Sharif University of TechnologySharif University of Technology – – E.E.FatemizadehFatemizadeh
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Course Information:Course Information: – –
– – Credits: 3Credits: 3
– –
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Reference(s):Reference(s): – –
Practice for Segmentation,Practice for Segmentation,
Registration, and Image Analysis Registration, and Image Analysis ,,By: T. S.By: T. S. Yoo Yoo, 2004 (Hardcopy), 2004 (Hardcopy)
– – Biomedical Images Analysis,Biomedical Images Analysis, by:by: R.R.
M.M. RangayyaRangayya, 2004, eBook., 2004, eBook. – – Some papers! Some papers!
– – DIP References! DIP References!
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Course Contacts and Links:Course Contacts and Links: – – URL:URL: http:/ee.sharif.edu/~http:/ee.sharif.edu/~miapmiap
Course Lecture NotesCourse Lecture Notes
– – Course Email:Course Email: sut.course@gmail.comsut.course@gmail.com Electronic Homework submission (NOT .Electronic Homework submission (NOT .rarrar)!)!
– – Submission rule:Submission rule:
– – My emails:My emails: fatemizadeh@fatemizadeh@sharif.edusharif.edu
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SyllabusSyllabus:: – – Introduction to Medical Images/ImagingIntroduction to Medical Images/Imaging – – BrieflyBriefly
– –
– – Segmentation (Intro to Classification ?)Segmentation (Intro to Classification ?)
– – Enhancement/Enhancement/DenoisingDenoising – – RegistrationRegistration
– – InterpolationInterpolation
– – Medical Ima e Anal sis Usin PDEMedical Ima e Anal sis Usin PDE
– – MultilodalMultilodal Image AnalysisImage Analysis
– – Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD)Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) – – Mostly MammographyMostly Mammography
– –
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What is a medical image:What is a medical image: – –
physical/physiological property(physical/physiological property(iesies).).
– – Several images from a certain region!Several images from a certain region!
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Goal:Goal: – –
property of subject anatomy.property of subject anatomy.
– – Procedure in nonProcedure in non--invasive.invasive.
– – Image Geometry:Image Geometry:
Pro ectionPro ection
TomographyTomography
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Based on Interested Physical Property:Based on Interested Physical Property: – – XX--Ray (CT/Radiography)Ray (CT/Radiography)
– – MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
– – PET (Positron Emission Tomography)PET (Positron Emission Tomography) – – US (Ultra Sound)US (Ultra Sound)
– – SPECT (Single Photon Emission CT)SPECT (Single Photon Emission CT)
– – EIT (Electrical Impedance Tomography)EIT (Electrical Impedance Tomography) – – Video and etc. Video and etc.
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Concepts:Concepts: – –
acquisition.acquisition.
– – Ima e reconstruction from raw data.Ima e reconstruction from raw data.
– – Noise and artifact reduction in raw dataNoise and artifact reduction in raw dataspace.space.
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Concepts:Concepts: – –
space.space.
– – Enhance ima es in Re ions of Interest.Enhance ima es in Re ions of Interest.
– – Image partitioning to meaningful regions.Image partitioning to meaningful regions.
– –
– – Multimodality Image FusionMultimodality Image Fusion
– –
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Medical Images Categories:Medical Images Categories: – –
Single channel (Only one property isSingle channel (Only one property is
acquired): CT , PET, USacquired): CT , PET, US Multichannel (More than one property areMultichannel (More than one property are
acquired): MRIacquired): MRI
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Medical Images Categories:Medical Images Categories: – –
Anatomical: Static distribution of a certain Anatomical: Static distribution of a certain
physical property,physical property, Skeleton Skeleton .. Physiological/Functional: Functionality orPhysiological/Functional: Functionality or
Metabolism of organs,Metabolism of organs, Glucose consumption Glucose consumption ..
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Medical Images Categories:Medical Images Categories: – – Geometry:Geometry:
Projective: A Straight line in the object will beProjective: A Straight line in the object will bemapped to a single point at images,mapped to a single point at images,
Tomography: Cross section of object will beTomography: Cross section of object will beimaged,imaged, Computerized Tomography Computerized Tomography ..
– – mens ona y:mens ona y: 2D2D
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Major Properties in Medical Images:Major Properties in Medical Images: – – --
– – Ultrasound Waves ReflectionUltrasound Waves Reflection
– –
– – Spin Density and Relaxation TimesSpin Density and Relaxation Times
– – -- – – Electrical ConductanceElectrical Conductance
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XX--Ray Transmission:Ray Transmission: – – Simple Physics:Simple Physics:
– – -- --0
L
T I I e
−
=
are displayed as image.are displayed as image.
– – Projection and Tomography are possible.Projection and Tomography are possible.
– – Hazard: Yes!Hazard: Yes!
– – Resolution: Very Good.Resolution: Very Good.
– – SNR: Good.SNR: Good.
– –
,Functional CT.,Functional CT. – – Good contrast for hard tissue (Bones)Good contrast for hard tissue (Bones)
– – Low Contrast for soft tissue Muscle TumorsLow Contrast for soft tissue Muscle Tumors
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XX--Ray Transmission:Ray Transmission: – – Examples:Examples: onven ona a ograp yonven ona a ograp y
Computerized Tomography (CT)Computerized Tomography (CT)
Angiography: Some organs like as blood vessels Angiography: Some organs like as blood vessels
Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA): Difference of Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA): Difference of two images of a single organs in the differenttwo images of a single organs in the different
two different Xtwo different X--Ray energy) are displayed.Ray energy) are displayed. Fluoroscopy: Watch oranges while the body is under XFluoroscopy: Watch oranges while the body is under X--
Ray exposure.Ray exposure.
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Ultrasound Wave Reflection:Ultrasound Wave Reflection: – – Ultrasound Waves: Above 20KHz.Ultrasound Waves: Above 20KHz. – – Reflection times of incident ultrasound beam are related toReflection times of incident ultrasound beam are related to
position of the walls.position of the walls. – – Simple Physics:Simple Physics:
– – Physical Characteristic in TomographyPhysical Characteristic in Tomography
x ct =
– – – – Resolutions: Average (Different in two dimension)Resolutions: Average (Different in two dimension) – – SNR: BadSNR: Bad – –
metabolismmetabolism – – Problem with objects behind bone and air (lung)Problem with objects behind bone and air (lung) – – Need to access to the organs only from one sideNeed to access to the organs only from one side
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e ec one ec on
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Ultrasound Wave Reflection:Ultrasound Wave Reflection: – – Examples:Examples: -- : , y y r .: , y y r . BB--mode (Sonography): 2D imaging, fetus,mode (Sonography): 2D imaging, fetus,
Bladder, kidney, Prostate .Bladder, kidney, Prostate . --mo e: ssue aracter zat on, esearcmo e: ssue aracter zat on, esearc Application. Application. Doppler/Color Doppler: Blood Flow and HeartDoppler/Color Doppler: Blood Flow and Heart
a ve an av y on or ng.a ve an av y on or ng.
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Radioactive annihilation:Radioactive annihilation: – – Source imaging: Source of radiation is locatedSource imaging: Source of radiation is located
– – Source radiation (consumption) distribution areSource radiation (consumption) distribution areimaged.imaged.
– – 133133 – – Projection and Tomography are possibleProjection and Tomography are possible – – Hazard: Yes.Hazard: Yes.
– – eso u on: ow.eso u on: ow. – – SNR: Low.SNR: Low. – – Functional (Metabolism)Functional (Metabolism)
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Radioactive annihilation:Radioactive annihilation: – –
Gamma Camera: Projection ImagingGamma Camera: Projection Imaging
SPECT (Single Photon Emission ComputerizedSPECT (Single Photon Emission Computerizedomography): Tomographyomography): Tomography
PET (Positron Emission Tomography): VeryPET (Positron Emission Tomography): Very..
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Spin Density and Relaxation Times:Spin Density and Relaxation Times: – – Based on Magnetic Resonance Properties.Based on Magnetic Resonance Properties. – – Properties of Proton (HProperties of Proton (H++) spin are imaged.) spin are imaged. – –
PD (Proton Density)PD (Proton Density) T1: SpinT1: Spin--Lattice Relaxation Time.Lattice Relaxation Time.
T2: SpinT2: Spin--Spin Relaxation Time.Spin Relaxation Time. – – a a cqu s on s parame r c:a a cqu s on s parame r c:
Several Protocols for imaging are possible.Several Protocols for imaging are possible.
– – Projection and Tomography are possible.Projection and Tomography are possible. – – Resolution: GoodResolution: Good
– – SNR: GoodSNR: Good – – Hazard: Very Low (But banned for patients withHazard: Very Low (But banned for patients with
ferromagnetic/Electrical/Magnetic Devices in their body)ferromagnetic/Electrical/Magnetic Devices in their body) – –
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– – Static and Functional, both.Static and Functional, both.
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Spin Density and Relaxation Times:Spin Density and Relaxation Times: – –
MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, BrainMRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Brain
Studies, Spin cord, Knee.Studies, Spin cord, Knee. fMRI: Functional MRI, Blood flow, brain.fMRI: Functional MRI, Blood flow, brain.
MRA: Magnetic Resonance Angiography,MRA: Magnetic Resonance Angiography,..
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Optical:Optical: – – Optical ReflectionOptical Reflection
– – Hazar : None Patient Uncon ormityHazar : None Patient Uncon ormity
– – Resolution: HighResolution: High
– –
– – Examples:Examples: EndoscopyEndoscopy
aryngoscopyaryngoscopy ColonoscopyColonoscopy
– – Optical Tomography found in research filesOptical Tomography found in research files
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Electrical Conductance:Electrical Conductance: – – Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT)Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT)
– – Electrical Conductance (Resistance) is imaged.Electrical Conductance (Resistance) is imaged.
– – Low ResolutionLow Resolution – – Low SNR Low SNR
– – Hazard: Electrical Safety Problem.Hazard: Electrical Safety Problem.
– –
– – TomographyTomography
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Return to MedicalReturn to MedicalImagingImaging
Concepts:Concepts: – –
body, nonbody, non--invasively.invasively.
– – Ima e ModalitiesIma e Modalities – – PrePre--processingprocessing
– – --
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Goal:Goal: – –
property of subject anatomy.property of subject anatomy.
– – Procedure in nonProcedure in non--invasive.invasive. – – Image Geometry:Image Geometry:
Pro ectionPro ection
TomographyTomography
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Based on Interested Physical Property:Based on Interested Physical Property: – – XX--Ray (CT/Radiography)Ray (CT/Radiography)
– – MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
– – PET (Positron Emission Tomography)PET (Positron Emission Tomography) – – US (Ultra Sound)US (Ultra Sound)
– – SPECT (Single Photon Emission CT)SPECT (Single Photon Emission CT)
– – EIT (Electrical Impedance Tomography)EIT (Electrical Impedance Tomography) – – Video and etc. Video and etc.
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Concepts:Concepts: – –
acquisition.acquisition.
– – Ima e reconstruction from raw data.Ima e reconstruction from raw data. – – Noise and artifact reduction in raw dataNoise and artifact reduction in raw data
space.space.
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--
Concepts:Concepts: – –
space.space.
– – Enhance ima es in Re ions of Interest.Enhance ima es in Re ions of Interest. – – Image partitioning to meaningful regions.Image partitioning to meaningful regions.
– –
– – Multimodality Image FusionMultimodality Image Fusion
– –
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