Metabolism Transformations and Interactions Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning.
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Metabolism
Transformations and Interactions
Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson LearningCopyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
What happens to all these nutrients?
• Your body cells derive two things from your food– Energy
• To help you move, think, breath etc
– Nutrients • Nutrients to grow (in children), to replace broken
down cells, to repair etc
Metabolism• Photosynthesis
• Fuel
• Metabolism
Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson LearningCopyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Photosynthesis: Light energy is converted by plants to chemical energy
Respiration: Chemical energy stored in plants is converted by animals into new forms of chemical energy, mechanical energy, electrical energy and heat energy
• Metabolism = Anabolism + Catabolism
Breakdown/ HydrolysisProteins to Amino Acids, Starch to Glucose
Synthesis/CondensationAmino Acids to Proteins, Glucose to Starch
Yin & Yang of Metabolism
Metabolism = Anabolism + Catabolism
Chemical Reactions
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Adenosine Triphosphate
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Chemical Reactions• Coupled reactions
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Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson LearningCopyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
A Typical Cell
Chemical Reactions• Helpers in reactions
– Enzymes•Cofactors
–Coenzymes
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Nutrients for Energy
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Nutrients for Energy• Glycolysis
• Pyruvate acetyl CoA
• TCA cycle
• Electron transport chain
Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson LearningCopyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Example of Redox Equations
http://faculty.evansville.edu/md7/bact02/metabolism%20copy/metabolism_files/metabolism.ppt#17
Examples
• ATP ADP + P – Oxidation, release energy
• ADP + P ATP– Reduction, stores energy
• NAD + H NADH
• FAD + H2 FADH2
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Glycolysis: Glucose-to-Pyruvate
Glucose• The fate of pyruvate
– Anaerobic vs. aerobic pathways
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Glucose• The fate of pyruvate
– Anaerobic•Pyruvate-to-lactic acid
–Cori cycle
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Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson LearningCopyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Pyruvate-to-Lactic Acid (Anaerobic)
Glucose• The fate of pyruvate
– Aerobic•Pyruvate-to-acetyl CoA
Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson LearningCopyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
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