Metabolic Pathways But first…. Labs and Lesson Plans How to Write Lesson Plans.
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Metabolic Pathways
But first…
Labs and Lesson Plans
How to Write Lesson Plans
Labs and Lesson Plans What is helpful in
a lesson plan? What area of
science Goals (Students
will:) Benchmarks
http://www.edtechpolicy.org/CourseInfo/AssessDesignFlow.gif
Labs and Lesson Plans Information to put
it together How long it will
take to assemble How much it will
cost initially
http://www.getworksheets.com/samples/lessonplans/science.html
Labs and Lesson Plans How long, how
much for additional years? Cost for
consumable supplies
Time for set up, lesson, clean up, improve and store
http://oz.plymouth.edu/~wwf/distillation_files/image001.jpg
Labs and Lesson Plans Background –
Introduction and Discussion Introducing this
topic, presenting the information your students need to achieve goals of this lesson plan
http://www.infovisual.info/02/029_en.html
Labs and Lesson Plans Background,
Introduction, Discussion Spend time
researching and writing this section. Quick read in following years, and you are up to speed.
http://blog.duarte.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/info-anxiety-2-dogsslideol.gif
Labs and Lesson Plans Directions
Clearly written, step by step directions students follow to achieve stated goals
Include any data sheets needed for completion of this lesson plan
http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/insects/ahb/act28.gif
Labs and Lesson Plans Wrap-up
Review of discussion material
Review of experiment
Review of Data What does it
mean?
http://www.arborsci.com/CoolStuff/Chlorophyll.jpg
Labs and Lesson Plans Assessment
Evaluating what students gained from this particular experience
Evaluating student preparation for benchmark testing
http://www.sasked.gov.sk.ca/docs/midlsci/images/figure7.gif
Labs and Lesson Plans Transformation
What are the underlying concepts that this particular lesson emphasizes?
Without transforming the specifics of this lesson to the general concept, students rarely make that connection
http://www.benbest.com/cryonics/icecryst.gifhttp://smartden.de/uploads/images/3d/ice_cubes_xs.jpg
Metabolic Pathways
How cells function
Global Warming Climatic Cycles
Glacial Periods Global Warming
Causes? Gases in
atmosphere Carbon Dioxide Methane Nitrous Oxide Water Vapor
Milankovitch cyclehttp://www.whrc.org/carbon/index.htm
Global Warming Carbon Dioxide
Use of fossil fuels Burning rainforest
Methane Rice paddies Livestock (cows)
Nitrous Oxide Nitrogen based
fertilizers Industry
http://www.nysforum.org/documents/html/2007/execcommittee/may/enterprisepowerconsumptionreduction_files/images/image6.png
Global Warming Milankovitch cycle
Eccentricity ~100,000 years. Obliquity ~41,000 years;
21.5° to 24.5° Precession ~26,000 years.
http://www.sciencemag.org/feature/data/vis2003/TasaDemo.html
Eccentricity Distance to the sun 100,000 year cycle Winter in North at
Perihelion, and therefore shorter than summer
Low eccentricity of 0.005 High eccentricity of 0.058 Mean eccentricity of 0.028 Present eccentricity 0.017
Moving towards low centricity - warming
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eccentricity_half.svg
Perihelion
Aphelion
Obliquity Tilt of the Axis 41,000 year cycle
Minimum tilt is 21.1º
Maximum tilt is 24.5º
Currently at 23.5º Tilt is decreasing -
cooling
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/AxialTiltObliquity.png
Precession Wobble like a top Completes the
wobble every ~21,000 years Other “north stars,
Thuban in Draco and Vega in Lyra
Top 10 sec Both 33 sec
http://stardate.org/images/gallery/d_procession.jpg
Milankovitch Cycles These three
cycles, in combination, can alter climate Eccentricity Obliquity Precession
Milankovitch 2.38 min
http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/research/highlights/section/milankovitch.jpg
Global Warming Other Factors
Volcanos Gases Particles in air
reflect sunlight energy
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/MSH/Images/MSH80_may_18_eruption_column_05-18-80_bw_med.jpg
Gaia The Gaia
hypothesis is an ecological theory that proposes that the living matter of planet Earth functions like a single organism.
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap990131.html
Equilibrium Maintained
though various cycles
http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/images2/184waterequi.gif
Cycles In a dynamic
system, there are many different cycles
For example, the water cycle
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/graphics/watercyclehigh.jpg
Other Important Cycles Rock Cycle Carbon Cycle Nitrogen Cycle Phosphorous
Cycle Calcium Cycle
http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/kling/carbon_cycle/carbon_cycle.jpg
Oxygen Cycle Hypothesized to
have originally poisoned Earth’s organisms by changing the atmosphere
Produced ozone High Energy
Electron Accepter
http://telstar.ote.cmu.edu/environ/m3/s4/graphics/embedded/cycleoxygentest.png
Cellular Energy ATP production
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/Courses/bio104/cellresp.htmhttp://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/zoology/AnimalPhysiology/Anatomy/AnimalCellStructure/Mitochondria/mitochondria.jpg
Cellular Respiration It takes energy to
form molecular bonds
Energy is released when bonds are broken
ATP is packaged in discrete units usable by the cell
http://www.a3243g.com/a3243g_images/mitochondria.gif
Cellular Respiration Glucose is a
simple sugar we get in our food and is the energy source
Breaking the bonds of Glucose yields 36 ATPs
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/Courses/bio104/cellresp.htm
Cellular Respiration
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/Courses/bio104/cellresp.htm
Cellular Respiration Complex series of
reactions sent though the electron transport chain to harvest electrons from sugar and donate to oxygen
Three Stages
http://porpax.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/makeatp/c9x6cell-respiration.jpg
Cellular Respiration Glycolysis
Outside mitochondria
Produces 2 ATP per glucose molecule
Ancestral
http://www.micro.siu.edu/micr201/images/Glycolysis.gif
- 2 ATP
+ 4 ATP
= 2 ATP
Cellular Respiration Kreb’s Cycle
Inside Mitochondria
Produces 2 ATP for each glucose molecule
http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/images/611citricacidcyclewhi.gif
Cellular Respiration Electron
Transport Chain Inside
Mitochondria Produces ~32 ATP
per glucose molecule
http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/images/chemios_il.jpghttp://bioweb.cs.earlham.edu/9-12/cellularrespiration/IMAGES/citriccell.JPG
Cellular Respiration Needs Oxygen Waste Product
CO2
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/images/thumb/a/a4/Oxygen_Molecule_VdW.png/250px-Oxygen_Molecule_VdW.pnghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Glucose_linear_3D_View.png
http://z.about.com/d/chemistry/1/7/X/a/carbondioxide.jpghttp://www.globalwarmingart.com/images/thumb/b/b1/Water_Molecule_VdW.png/250px-Water_Molecule_VdW.png
E
O
Tutorial
Photosynthesis Basically, the opposite pathway of cellular respiration
needs CO2
waste product O2
E
6CO2 + 6H2O Energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/images/thumb/a/a4/Oxygen_Molecule_VdW.png/250px-Oxygen_Molecule_VdW.pnghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Glucose_linear_3D_View.png
http://z.about.com/d/chemistry/1/7/X/a/carbondioxide.jpghttp://www.globalwarmingart.com/images/thumb/b/b1/Water_Molecule_VdW.png/250px-Water_Molecule_VdW.png
Photosynthesis Using sunlight
energy, carbon dioxide gas, and water, forms glucose bonds in the chloroplasts
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Photosynthesis/Chloroplast_EN.gifhttp://www.cam.k12.il.us/hs/teachers/caplingerd/photosynthesis.gif
Photosynthesis Gas exchange in
plants Leaf is generally
photosynthetic organ of plant
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/leafstru.gif
Questions?
BJShaw – Megatherium americanum, Museo de la Plata, La Plata, Argentina 2008
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