Medical Immunology

Medical ImmunologyDepartment of Immunology

Yiwei Chu

ywchu@shmu.edu.cn

2010-4-19

Department of Immunology

Medical Immunology

One of the six-year undergraduate professional

courses

Overview of the immune system, immune response

and regulation, immune diseases

Basic immunological theory (theory course)

Immunochemical and cellular techniques

(experimental course)

Department of Immunology

Textbook

Textbook: Cellular and Molecular Immunology

(Fifth Edition), Abul K. Abbas,

Andrew H. Lichtman

Reference: Immunobiology (Sixth Edition),

Charles A Janeway

Credit: Comprehensive evaluation combining the

theory examination and the experimental report

Department of Immunology

Department of Immunology

Established in the autumn of 1987, one of the first

University Departments in the world devoted

specifically to the study of the immune system. (Yale,

in 1988)

A strong team with rich experiences in teaching and

research

Department of Immunology

Department of Immunology

Rui He

Xiaowu HongQing Lu

Bo Gao

Wei Xu

Yiwei Chu

Haifeng Gao

Yunlu Lin

Department of Immunology

Chapter 1

General Properties of Immune

Responses

Department of Immunology

Content

1. History of Immunology1. History of Immunology

2. Innate and Adaptive Immunity2. Innate and Adaptive Immunity

3. Adaptive Immune Responses3. Adaptive Immune Responses

Department of Immunology

IMMUNITY ←← IMMUNIS (EXEMPT)

Derived from the Latin word

Protection from legal prosecution

Now, in medical terms, it denotes resistance

to reinfection/free of disease.

History of Immunology

Department of Immunology

Plague of Athens

“Yet it was with those who had recovered from the disease that the sick and the dying found most compassion. These knew what it was from experience, and had now no fear for themselves; for the same man was never attacked twice - never at least fatally”

Resistance to re-infection-Immunity

History of Immunology

Thucydides (430 BC)

Department of Immunology

IMMUNITY ---protection from disease (infectious disease)

IMMUNE SYSTEM --- organ, cell, molecule and gene

IMMUNE RESPNSE --- response to the foreign substances

Define of Immunology

Department of Immunology

IMMUNE FUNCTIONS

---immune defence (infectious disease)

--- immune surveillance

--- immune homeostasis

Define of Immunology

Department of Immunology

Immunity refers to mechanisms used by the

body as protection against environmental

agents that are foreign to the body

Microorganisms

Foods

Chemicals, Drugs, Pollen etc.

Define of Immunity

Department of Immunology

Smallpox is a disease caused by the Variola major virus. Smallpox

spreads very easily from person to person. Symptoms are flu-like and

include high fever, fatigue and headache and backache, followed by a rash

with flat red sores.

History of Immunology

Smallpox

Department of Immunology

Smallpox inoculation or variolation is a great

invention of medicine in ancient China.

History of Immunology

Department of Immunology

Edward Jenner(1749 －1823)

Edward Jenner memorial hall

History of Immunology

Department of Immunology

Preparation of smallpoxPreparation of smallpox

History of Immunology

Department of Immunology

Edward Jenner Chinese-Variolation

Prophylactic measure

against Smallpox

1798-Cow Pox/Vaccinia

Induced Protection Against

Small Pox-Vaccination

2 Centuries to Eradicate Small

Pox

Greatest Triumph in Modern

Medicine

History of Immunology

Department of Immunology

The announcement by

the WHO in 1980 that

smallpox was the first

disease that had been

eradicated worldwide

by a program of

vaccination

History of Immunology

Department of Immunology

History of Immunology

Department of Immunology

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

1880 Vaccine

1881 Vaccine to Anthrax

1885 Vaccine to Rabies

History of Immunology

Department of Immunology

1890 von Behring and Kitasato:

Filtrates from cultures of Clost. tetani can confer protection.

Serotherapy Serum of vaccinated

people had substances that specifically bound to the relevant pathogen (ANTIBODIES)

Emil Adolf von Behring, 1854-1917

A German bacteriologist

History of Immunology

Discovery of Humoral Immunity

Department of Immunology

430 B.C. Thucydides People have been sicked free from illness

Song dynasty A divine doctor Emei Mountain Variolation

1798 Jenner Vaccination

1880 Pasteur Attenuated chicken cholera vaccine

1890 Behring/Kitasato Antitoxin ―Humoralimmunity hypothesis

1883 Metchnikoff Endocytosis - Cytoimmunity hypothesis

1905 Pirquet/Schick Horse serum sickness (Hypersensitivity)

1945 Owen/Burnet Immune tolerance hypothesis

1959 Burnet Clonal selection hypothesis

History of Immunology

Department of Immunology

History of Immunology

Department of Immunology

WHAT is the immune system?

Complex defense system

Physiological function is to

Prevent infections

Eradicate established infections

Self/Nonself discrimination

Department of Immunology

ALL animals.

Vert-Invert systems: analogous

Various vert systems: homologous

Who has an immune system?

Department of Immunology

Who has an immune system?

Department of Immunology

Severe Fungal

Infection in a

Fruit Fly.

Department of Immunology

foreign agent

use preformed components to non-specifically clear the agent

produce specific components directed against the agent

How Does Immune System Work?

Department of Immunology

Content

1. History of Immunology1. History of Immunology

2. Innate and Adaptive Immunity2. Innate and Adaptive Immunity

3. Adaptive Immune Responses3. Adaptive Immune Responses

Department of Immunology

Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Department of Immunology

Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Innate Immunity

a. Physical and chemical barriers

b. Phagocytic cells and NK cells

c. Blood proteins

d. Cytokines

Department of Immunology

Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

a. Lymphocytes and their products

b. Antigen

Department of Immunology

Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Department of Immunology

Adaptive Immune Responses

Cardinal

Features

Types

Cellular

Components Phases

Department of Immunology

Adaptive Immune Responses

Types

Humoral immunity

Cell-mediated immunity

Department of Immunology

Types of

Adaptive

Immunity

Department of Immunology

Yes(T cells)

How can immunity be induced in an individual?

Department of Immunology

Adaptive Immune Responses

Cellular

Components

Cardinal Features

Phases Types

Department of Immunology

Adaptive Immune Responses

Department of Immunology

Adaptive Immune Responses

Phases

Cellular Components

Cardinal

Features Types

Department of Immunology

Cellular Components

Adaptive Immune Responses

• Lymphocytes - B, Th, CTL, NKT

• Antigen-presenting cells(APCs)- DC, M, B

• Effector cells - Activated T cells, mononuclear phagocytes

Department of Immunology

Adaptive Immune Responses

Department of Immunology

Adaptive Immune Responses

Types

Phases

Cardinal

FeaturesCellular

Components

Department of Immunology

Adaptive Immune Responses

Phases

Recognition of antigen

Activation of lymphocytes

Effector phase of immune responses:

Elimination of antigen

Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses

Department of Immunology

Adaptive Immune Responses

Department of Immunology

Recognition of antigen

Activation of lymphocytes

Effector phase of immune responses:

Elimination of antigen

Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses

Adaptive Immune Responses

Department of Immunology

Adaptive Immune Responses

Department of Immunology

Recognition of antigen

Activation of lymphocytes

Effector phase of immune responses:

Elimination of antigen

Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses

Adaptive Immune Responses

Department of Immunology

Adaptive Immune Responses

Antigen

Microbial products or

components of innate

immune responses to

microbes

Department of Immunology

Recognition of antigen

Activation of lymphocytes

Effector phase of immune responses:

Elimination of antigen

Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses

Adaptive Immune Responses

Department of Immunology

Adaptive Immune Responses

Elimination of antigen by antibody

Department of Immunology

Adaptive Immune Responses

Elimination of antigen by T cells

Department of Immunology

Recognition of antigen

Activation of lymphocytes

Effector phase of immune responses:

Elimination of antigen

Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses

Adaptive Immune Responses

Department of Immunology

At the end of an immune respose,

the immune system returns to its

basal resting state,in large part

because most of the progeny of

antigen-stimulation lymphocytes die

by apoptosis.

Adaptive Immune Responses

Department of Immunology

Behring Koch Metchnikoff Ehrlich Richet BordetBehring Koch Metchnikoff Ehrlich Richet Bordet

Landsteiner Theiler Bovet Burnet Medawar Porter Edelman SnellLandsteiner Theiler Bovet Burnet Medawar Porter Edelman Snell

Dausset Benacerraf Jerne Tonegawa Thomas Murray Doherty ZinkernagelDausset Benacerraf Jerne Tonegawa Thomas Murray Doherty Zinkernagel

Department of Immunology

Thank you!Department of Immunology