MCAS BIOLOGY REVIEW Cell Biology

MCAS BIOLOGY REVIEWCell Biology

Ms. MezzettiLynn English High School

Science Department

2.1: CELL ORGANELLESRelate cell parts/organelles to their functions. ORGANELLE STRUCTURE FUNCTION

plasma membrane

protects, supports and is semipermeable-allows substances in and out of cell

nucleus contains DNA/chromosomes which controls cell’s activities

nuclear envelope

surrounds nucleus, lets mRNA leave nucleus

cytoplasm everything between nucleus and plasma membrane

cell membranecell boundarycontrols movementof materials in & outrecognizes signals

cytoplasmjelly-like material holding organelles in place

vacuole & vesiclestransport inside cellsstorage

mitochondriamake ATP energy

from sugar + O2

nucleusprotects DNAcontrols cell

ribosomesbuilds proteins

ERhelps finish proteinsmakes membranes

Golgi apparatusfinishes, packages

& ships proteins

lysosomefood digestiongarbage disposal &recycling

Animal Cell

cell boundarycontrols movementof materials in & outrecognizes signals

jelly-like material holding organelles in place

transport inside cellsstorage

make ATP energy

from sugar + O2

protects DNAcontrols cell

builds proteins

helps finish proteinsmakes membranes

finishes, packages

& ships proteins

food digestiongarbage disposal &recycling

Animal Cell-Identify the organelles

central vacuolestorage: food, water or waste

mitochondriamake ATP in cellular respiration

chloroplastmake ATP & sugars in photosynthesis

cell wallsupport

cell membranecell boundarycontrols movementof materials in & outrecognizes signals

Golgi apparatusfinish & ship proteins

nucleuscontrol cellprotects DNA

endoplasmic reticulumprocesses proteinsmakes membranes

ribosomesmake proteinscytoplasm

jelly-like material around organelles

nucleolusmake ribosomes

Plant Cell

storage: food, water or waste

make ATP in cellular respiration

make ATP & sugars in photosynthesis

support

cell boundarycontrols movementof materials in & outrecognizes signals

finish & ship proteins

control cellprotects DNA

processes proteinsmakes membranes

make proteinsjelly-like material around organelles

make ribosomes

Plant Cell-name the organelles

2.1: CELL ORGANELLES

PSEUDOPODCILIAFLAGELLUM

Found mostly in animal cells; all used for cell movement

2.1 Role of cell membrane Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and active transport).

Role of cell membrane-osmosisOsmosis – diffusion of water

2.2: PROKARYOTES/EUKARYOTESCompare and contrast, at the cellular level, prokaryotes and eukaryotes (general structures and degrees of complexity).

PROKARYOTES BOTH EUKARYOTESNo nucleus DNA Membrane bound

nucleusNo membrane bound organelles

Ribosomes Membrane bound organelles-ER; golgi bodies; mitochondria; lysosome

Bacteria Plasma membrane

Animal, plant, protist and fungi cells

Simple cells Cytoplasm Complex cells

2.2: PROKARYOTES/EUKARYOTES

2.3 CELLULAR EVIDENCE FOR 6 KINGDOMS

Use cellular evidence: cell structurecell number,cell reproductionmodes of nutrition

to describe the six kingdoms (Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia).

7 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION

2.3 SIX KINGDOMS OF LIFE

2.4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS Identify the reactants, products, and basic purposes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. • Takes place in the chloroplasts of plants• Produces glucose plants convert to starch for

storage, cellulose for structure and ATP for energy.

2.4 CELL RESPIRATIONTakes place in the mitochondriaProcess produces ATPAerobic respiration requires oxygenAnaerobic- no oxygen; fermentation; takes place in cytosol

2.4: Explain the interrelated nature of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the cells of photosynthetic organisms.

• Plants are autotrophs-produce their own food

• Animals are heterotrophs-rely on other organisms for their nutrition (food).

2.5 Explain the important role that ATP serves in metabolism.

2.6 MITOSIS/CELL CYCLEDescribe the cell cycle and the process of mitosis.

2.6: MITOSISExplain the role of mitosis in the formation of new cells, and its importance in maintaining chromosome number during asexual reproduction. • Purpose of mitosis is

for growth and repair in somatic (body cells)

2.7 Meiosis-Describe how the process of meiosis results in the formation of haploid cells.

2.8 Compare and contrast a virus and a cell in terms of genetic material and reproduction.• Viruses can contain DNA

and RNA• Viruses can not

reproduce on their own• They need to invade a

host cell to reproduce• Bacteriophages invade

bacteria; inject their DNA into the host cell