Transcript
MANAGEMENTSCIENCE
Dr. ANR
UNIT- I Introduction to Management
INDEX UNIT 1 PPT SLIDES
S.NO. TOPIC LECTURE NO.
1) Introduction to Management L12) Concepts of Management of Organization L2
3) Importance L34) Taylor’s Scientific L45) Functions of Management L56) Fayol’s Principle of Management L67) Mayo’s Hawthorne Experiments L78) Maslow’s theory of Human Needs L8
DEFINITION• Henri Fayol(1916):To manage is to forecast
and plan ,to organize, to command, to coordinate and control
• Peter. F. Drucker(1955):Management is concerned with the systematic organization of economic Resources and its task is to make these resources productive.
Nature and Features1. Management is a social process
2. It also denotes a ‘a body of people’ involved in
decision making
3. It is inexact science
4. It is an art and also science
5. It is profession
6. It is inter-disciplinary
7. It is complex
IMPORTANCE• It facilitates the achievements of goals
through limited resources• It ensures smooth sailing in case of
difficulties• It ensures continuing in the organization• It ensures economy and efficiency• It focus on group efforts• It is the key to the economic growth
Taylor’s Scientific Management Theory
• F.W.Taylor –Father of Scientific Management
• Taylor demonstrated the benefits of increased productivity and earnings through an experiment at “Bethlehem Steel Works”.
FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT
• According to Luther Gullick P------Planning O------Organizing S------Staffing D------Directing Co-----Coordinating R-------Reporting B-------Budgetting
Fayol’s Principle of Management
• Henri Fayol contributed 14 principles to management
1. Division of Work2. Authority3. Discipline4. Unity of command5. Unity of direction6. Subordination of individual interest to group
interest
Fayol’s Principle of Management
7.Remuneration8.Centralization of authority9.Scalar chain10.Order11.Equity12.Stability of tenure of personnel13.Initiative14.Espirit de corps (Team work)
Mayo’s Hawthorne Experiments
• Mayo known for his famous experiment at Hawthorne plant of the western electric company, Chicago, USA, for evaluating the attitudes and Psychological reaction of workers on the job situations.
Maslow’s theory of Human Needs
• According to him humans have 5 needs
1. Physiological needs2. Safety needs3. Affiliation, Love or belonging4. Esteem needs5. Self-actualisation needs
Maslow’s theory of Human Needs
Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
Theory X: Assumptions1. Employees are lazy2. They require constant guidance and support3. Some times they require even coersion and
control4. Given an opportunity they would like to avoid
responsibility5. They do not show any ambition but always
seak security
Theory YAssumptions:1. Some employees consider work as natural as play as
rest2. These employees are capable of directing and
controlling performance on their own. They are much committed to objectives of the organization.
3. Higher rewards make these employees more committed to organization.
4. Most of them are highly imaginative, creative, and display ingenuity in handling organizational issues.
5. Give an opportunity , they not only accept responsibility but also look for opportunities to out perform others.
Any Any Questions?Questions?
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