Management of Seizures
Post on 05-Jan-2016
52 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Transcript
Management of SeizuresManagement of Seizures
1
Management of SeizuresManagement of SeizuresSeizure management
Introductions
House keeping items Washrooms Breaks
2
Learning Objectives Learning Objectives Definition of a
seizure/epilepsy.Facts about
epilepsy.Cause of
seizures.Common types
and treatments of seizures.
Emergency care during a seizure.
Documenting a seizure.
5 new facts about seizures that participants can share with school and staff.
3
What is a Seizure? Think What is a Seizure? Think Brain!Brain!
4
Definition of a SeizureDefinition of a SeizureA brief abnormal disturbance of
electrical activity of the brain.
A seizure may be a brief staring spell, unusual movement of the body or limb, a change in awareness, or a convulsion.
5
What is the difference between What is the difference between a seizure and epilepsy?a seizure and epilepsy?
“I’m not sure!”
6
Seizure versus EpilepsySeizure versus EpilepsyA seizure may happen in a person
due to an illness, fever or a temporary medical condition( i.e. brain tumor).
After the illness is treated and resolved the seizure does not happen again.
Epilepsy is a ongoing series of seizures. The seizures can occur frequently without a known cause.
7
Seizure versus EpilepsySeizure versus EpilepsyMany people with epilepsy have
different types of seizures that can happen frequently.
Having one seizure does not mean you have epilepsy.
8
General InformationGeneral InformationMost of the people with epilepsy
can lead a normal life.Approximately 30,000 people in
Canada have epilepsy.Anyone can development
epilepsy at any age.Epilepsy is usually diagnosed in
childhood.
9
General InformationGeneral InformationSeizures can last a few seconds
or a few minutes. Seizure may need medical
attention if they last too long.People cannot swallow their
tongue
10
Causes of SeizuresCauses of SeizuresHead trauma: car and sport
accidents, falls, blows to the head.Brain tumors and strokesPoisoning: lead poisoning and drug
withdrawalLack of oxygen to the brain for any
reason the person can develop seizures.
11
Types of SeizuresTypes of SeizuresPartial seizures: seizures that
involve part of the brain. Examples are simple partial or complex partial seizures.
Most common seizures.Non-convulsive.May spread to the whole brain.Consciousness can be impaired,
but not lost.
12
Partial SeizuresPartial SeizuresSimple Partial Seizure:No loss of consciousness.Generally no warning.Person does not lose awareness of
environment.Jerking in one part of the body (ie
arm/leg).
13
Partial SeizuresPartial SeizuresComplex Partial:Consciousness is impaired. May start with a blank stare.May see altered behavior like picking
at clothing, lip smacking or chewing.Person may be unaware of
surroundings.
14
Complex Partial SeizuresComplex Partial SeizuresUnresponsive when spoken to.May walk about the room.Seizure may last a few minutes.Will be confused when the
seizure is over.No memory of what happened
during seizure.
15
Generalized SeizuresGeneralized Seizures
Seizure affects the whole brain:Person loses consciousness.Can be convulsive or non-
convulsive.An aura could occur first.Can be detrimental to the health
of a person if continuous.
16
Generalized SeizuresGeneralized SeizuresInclude:Absence Seizures-Blank stare, beginning and
ending abruptly.Lasts a few seconds. Looks like the child is “day
dreaming”.Most common in children.
17
Generalized SeizuresGeneralized SeizuresMyoclonic Seizures-Sudden brief, massive muscle
jerks.Parts of /or the whole body may
be involved.May fall out of a chair.
18
Generalized SeizuresGeneralized SeizuresTonic Clonic-Loss of consciousness.Sudden cry Fall to the ground.Stiffening and rhythmic jerking of
muscles Altered or shallow breathing.
19
Generalized SeizuresGeneralized SeizuresMay stop breathing temporarily.Skin may turn a bluish color. Possible loss of bowel and
bladder.Can last a few minutes.
20
Atonic Seizures (drop attacks)-
Sudden collapse and fall.May recover after 10 seconds to
a minute.
21
Status EpilepticusStatus Epilepticus
Any seizure that lasts longer than 30 minutes with or without loss of consciousness.
May occur after stopping medications.
Can be life threatening if not treated immediately.
22
Treatment for SeizuresTreatment for SeizuresMedicationSurgeryKetogenic DietVagal Nerve Stimulator
23
Goals of TreatmentGoals of Treatment
Decrease the frequency and severity.
Use the smallest amount of drug.Suffer the fewest side effectsImprove the quality of life.
24
MedicationMedicationMost common treatment.Many types of medications
available.Side-effect of drugs depend on
the drug and person.Epilepsy can be controlled with
medications.Common side-effects:
25
Side-Effects of Side-Effects of MedicationsMedicationsDrowsinessIrritabilityNauseaSkin rashVisual impairmentHyperactivity
26
Ketogenic DietKetogenic DietHigh fat, low carbohydrate, low
protein.Fluids are restricted.Burns body fat instead of glucose.Must have medical advice and
instruction.Risks: low blood sugar and weight
loss.Difficult to follow.
27
SurgerySurgeryOnly possible if seizures occur in
a small part of the brain.Used as last resort.Cannot be done if speech or
memory will be affected.Results vary from partial to full
improvement.
28
Vagus Nerve StimulatorVagus Nerve StimulatorVagus nerve stimulator (VNS) is
designed to prevent seizures.Works similar to heart
pacemakers.VNS sends mild electrical
impulses to the brain by way of the vagus nerve.
View following video on next slide re: VNS
29
Vagus Nerve StimulatorVagus Nerve Stimulator
http://www.epilepsy.com/epilepsy/vns
30
Documentation Documentation
Why do we document seizures?
31
DocumentationDocumentationAssists in the diagnosis and
treatment of the disorder.Indicates changes in the pattern
or severity of seizures.Help the doctors evaluate the
treatment.Alerts the family to events that
may cause seizures.
32
Record Record Date and time of the seizure.Any warning signs prior to the
seizure.Describe the body parts involved
and the progression. Type of movement (jerky,
rhythmic, rigid).Breathing changes and changes
in color.
33
RecordRecordLoss of consciousness.Behavior after the seizure (i.e.
drowsiness, disorientation, recovery time.)
Loss of bladder or bowel control.Who needs to know about the
seizure?
34
Management of SeizuresManagement of Seizures
35
Seizure First AidSeizure First Aid
36
First AidFirst Aid Position person, stay, and remain calm Wheelchair or side position only Never put them on their back Never leave a person during a seizure Call for help Protect Person-put something soft under their head
Do not restrain move objects out of thrashing range
Put nothing in the mouth
Loosen restrictive clothing
Offer reassurance following seizure
37
Seizure First AidSeizure First AidRecord: the seizure time or
lengthDescribe the seizure: behavior
before during and after the seizure
Notify: appropriate people, parents, others
Aspiration / choking
38
http://www.bcepilepsy.com/publications_and_resources/lecture-and-info-videos.aspx
39
top related