Makinson Tissues

TISSUESTISSUES•Groups of cells similar in structure that perform the same function

•Four main types

•Histology is the study of tissues

Epithelial

Connective

Muscle

Nervous

Credits

EpithelialEpithelial•Plays a role in protection, filtration, absorption, excretion, secretion and sensory reception

Simple

Stratified

Tissues

Simple EpithelialSimple Epithelial

•Made up of single layer cells

•Used for absorption and filtration

•Six irregular sides

Simple Squamous

Simple Cuboidal

Simple Columnar

Pseudostratified Columnar

Epithelial

Stratified EpithelialStratified Epithelial

•Having two or more cell layers

•Stack on top of one another

•Used for protection

Stratified Squamous

Stratified Cuboidal

Stratified Columnar

Transitional

Epithelial

Simple SquamousSimple Squamous•Shape: Flattened cells with disc-shaped nuclei and sparse cytoplasm

•Function: Diffusion and Filtration

•Found: Kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels

Simple Cuboidal

Simple Columnar

Pseudostratified Columnar

Simple Epithelial

Epithelial

Simple CuboidalSimple Cuboidal

•Shape: Single layer of cube-like cells with large, spherical central nuclei

•Function: Secretion and Absorption

•Found: Kidney tubules, ovary surface, ducts and secretory portions of small glands

Simple Squamous

Simple Columnar

Pseudostratified Columnar

Simple Epithelial

Epithelial

Simple ColumnarSimple Columnar

•Shape: Single layer of tall cells with oval nuclei, may contain cilia

•Function: Absorption, Secretion

•Found: Nonciliated type lines most of the digestive tract, gallbladder, excretory ducts of some glands, and some regions of uterus

Simple Squamous

Simple Cuboidal

Pseudostratified Columnar

Simple Epithelial

Epithelial

Pseudostratified ColumnarPseudostratified Columnar

•Shape: Single layer of cells with different heights, some do not reach free surface

•Function: Secretion and Propulsion of mucus

•Found: Male Sperm and Trachea

Simple Squamous

Simple Cuboidal

Simple Columnar

Simple Epithelial

Epithelial

Stratified SquamousStratified Squamous

•Shape: Thick membrane composed of several layers of cells

•Function: protection of underlying areas subject to abrasion

•Found: external part of skin’s epidermis and linings of the esophagus, mouth and vagina

Stratified Cuboidal

Stratified Columnar

Transitional

Stratified Epithelial

Epithelial

Stratified CuboidalStratified Cuboidal

•Shape: Generally to layers of cube-like cells

•Function: Protection

•Found: Largest ducts of sweat glands and salivary glands

Stratified Squamous

Stratified Columnar

Transitional

Stratified Epithelial

Epithelial

Stratified ColumnarStratified Columnar

•Shape: Several cell layers, basal cells usually cuboidal, superficial cells elongated and columnar

•Function: Protection

•Found: Pharynx, male urethra and lining of some glandular ducts

Stratified Squamous

Stratified Cuboidal

Transitional

Stratified Epithelial

Epithelial

TransitionalTransitional

•Shape: Several cell layers. Basal cells are cuboidal, surface cells are dome shaped

•Function: Stretches to permit the distension of the urinary bladder

•Found: Lining of urinary bladder, ureters and part of urethra

Stratified Squamous

Stratified Cuboidal

Stratified Columnar

Stratified Epithelial

Epithelial

Connective TissuesConnective Tissues

•Found everywhere in body

•Four main classes

•Functions include binding and support, protection, and insulation

Connective Tissue Proper

Cartilage

Bone

Blood

Tissues

Connective Tissue ProperConnective Tissue Proper

•Contain cells, fibers and a ground

•Loose and dense tissues proper

Loose Connective Tissues

Dense Connective Tissues

Tissues

Loose Connective TissuesLoose Connective Tissues

•Often used to link epithelia

•Found in epidermis

•Distinguished by vascularity and cellularity

Areolar Connective Tissue

Adipose Connective Tissue

Reticular Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue

Tissue

Dense Connective TissuesDense Connective Tissues

•Has collagen fibers as main matrix element

•Contains Fibroblasts

•Forms tendons and ligaments

Dense Regular

Dense Irregular

Connective Tissue Proper

Connective Tissues

Areolar Connective TissuesAreolar Connective Tissues

•Shape: Gel-like matrix with all three connective tissue fibers

•Function: Wraps and cushions organs

•Found: widely distributed under epithelia of body

Adipose Connective Tissue

Reticular Connective Tissue

Loose Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue

Adipose Connective TissueAdipose Connective Tissue

• Shape: Matrix similar to aerolar with closely packed adipocytes

• Function:Reserves food stores, insulates heat loss, supports and protects

• Found: under skin, around kidneys, within abdomen and in breast

Areolar Connective Tissue

Reticular Connective Tissue

Loose Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue

Reticular Connective TissueReticular Connective Tissue

•Shape: Loose ground substance with reticular fibers, line on a fiber network

•Function: Forms a soft internal skeleton, or stroma, that supports other cell types

•Found: lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen

Areolar Connective Tissue

Adipose Connective Tissue

Loose Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue

Dense Regular Connective Dense Regular Connective TissueTissue

•Shape: Parallel collagen fibers with a few elastic fibers

•Function: Attaches muscles to bone or to other muscles and bone to bone

•Found: tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Dense Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue

Dense Irregular Connective Dense Irregular Connective TissueTissue

•Shape: Irregularly arranged collagen fibers with some elastic fibers

•Function: Withstand tension in many directions providing structural strength

•Found: dermis, submucosa of the digestive tract, and fibrous organ capsules

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Dense Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue

CartilageCartilage

•Stands up to both tension and compression

•Tough but flexible

•Lacks nerve fibers and is avascular

Hyaline Cartilage

Elastic Cartilage

Fibrocartilage

Connective Tissue

Hyaline CartilageHyaline Cartilage

•Shape: Amphorous, firm matrix with imperceptible network of collagen fibers

•Function: Supports, reinforces, cushions and resists compression

•Found: embryonic skeleton, the end of long bones, nose, trachea and larynx

Elastic Cartilage

Fibrocartilage

Cartilage

Connective Tissue

Elastic CartilageElastic Cartilage

•Shape: Similar to hyaline cartilage but with more elastic fibers

•Function: Maintains shape structure while allowing flexibility

•Found: support of external ear and the epiglottis

Hyaline Cartilage

Fibrocartilage

Cartilage

Connective Tissue

FibrocartilageFibrocartilage

•Shape: matrix similar to hyaline cartilage but less form with thick collagen fibers

•Function: Provides tensile strength and absorbs compression shock

•Found: intervertebral discs, the pubic symphysis, and in discs of the knee joint

Hyaline Cartilage

Elastic Cartilage

Cartilage

Connective Tissue

BoneBone

•Shape: Hard, calcified matrix with collagen fibers found in bone

•Function: support and protection, also provides levers for muscles

•Found: Bones

Connective Tissues

Tissues

BloodBlood

•Shape: Red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix called plasma

•Function: transport of respiratory gases, nutrients and wastes

•Found: blood vessels

Connective Tissues

Tissues

Nervous TissueNervous Tissue

•Shape: branched neurons with long cellular processes and support cells

•Function: transmitting electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors

•Found: the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves

Tissues

Muscle TissuesMuscle Tissues

•Highly textured

•Well vascularized

•Responsible for most types of body movement

Skeletal Muscle

Cardiac Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Tissues

Skeletal Muscle TissueSkeletal Muscle Tissue

•Shape: long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells with obvious striation

•Function: Initiates and controls voluntary movement

•Found: skeletal muscles that attach to bones or skin

Cardiac Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Muscle Tissues

Cardiac Muscle TissueCardiac Muscle Tissue

•Shape: Branching, striated, uninucleated cells interlocking at intercalated

•Function: Propels blood into the circulation

•Found: walls of the heart

Skeletal Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Muscle Tissues

Smooth Muscle TissueSmooth Muscle Tissue

•Shape: sheet of spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei that have no striation

•Function: propels substances along internal passageways called peristalsis.

•Found: walls of hollow organs

Skeletal Muscle

Cardiac Muscle

Muscle Tissues

CreditsCreditshttp://www.innvista.com/health/anatomy/connect.htm

http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/histology/labmanual2002/labsection1/Connective Tissue03.htm

http://biology.about.come/library/weekly/aa011801a.htm

http://cellbio.utmb.edu/microanatomy/connective_tissue/loose_connective_tissue.htm

Human Anatomy and Physiology

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Heather and Olivia pictures Inc.