Makin’ Hole: The Drilling of Oil Wells I. Drilling rigs II. Drilling mechanisms III. Drilling mud IV. The well below the drilling floor V. Normal drilling.
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Makin’ Hole: The Drilling of Oil WellsI. Drilling rigsII. Drilling mechanismsIII. Drilling mudIV. The well below the drilling floorV. Normal drilling operationsVI. Directions of drillingVII. Bad things that happen to wellsVIII. Fates of wellsIX. Geoscience information from wells
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs (mud log = record of what comes up with drilling mud, produced by a person called a mud logger)
Rate of penetration or drill-time logDrilling breaks: rapid increases in rate of penetration, commonly as the result of increased porosity (but new bits cause the same thing, hopefully as noted).
CuttingsSubject to frequency of samplingSubject to contamination from previously-drilled strata (“cave”)Logged both as actual arrivals and as inferred lithology drilled
Shows (emissions of gas as measured by detectors, and oiled-stained cuttings at detected by fluorescence in UV)
Cores Tripping in and out; lessened circulation
Side-wall cores Small samples
Logging while drilling (LWD) (and logging while tripping)
Measurement while drilling (MWD)
Wireline logs
Drill stem tests (DSTs) Packer failure
Production tests
Velocity surveys
Bottom-hole temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs (mud log = record of what comes up with drilling mud, produced by a person called a mud logger)
Rate of penetration or drill-time logDrilling breaks: rapid increases in rate of penetration, commonly as the result of increased porosity (but new bits cause the same thing, hopefully as noted).
CuttingsSubject to frequency of samplingSubject to contamination from previously-drilled strata (“cave”)Logged both as actual arrivals and as inferred lithology drilled
Shows (emissions of gas as measured by detectors, and oiled-stained cuttings at detected by fluorescence in UV)
Cores Tripping in and out; lessened circulation
Side-wall cores Small samples
Logging while drilling (LWD) (and logging while tripping)
Measurement while drilling (MWD)
Wireline logs
Drill stem tests (DSTs) Packer failure
Production tests
Velocity surveys
Bottom-hole temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs (mud log = record of what comes up with drilling mud, produced by a person called a mud logger)
Rate of penetration or drill-time logDrilling breaks: rapid increases in rate of penetration, commonly as the result of increased porosity (but new bits cause the same thing, hopefully as noted).
CuttingsSubject to frequency of samplingSubject to contamination from previously-drilled strata (“cave”)Logged both as actual arrivals and as inferred lithology drilled
Shows (emissions of gas as measured by detectors, and oiled-stained cuttings at detected by fluorescence in UV)
Cores Tripping in and out; lessened circulation
Side-wall cores Small samples
Logging while drilling (LWD) (and logging while tripping)
Measurement while drilling (MWD)
Wireline logs
Drill stem tests (DSTs) Packer failure
Production tests
Velocity surveys
Bottom-hole temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs (mud log = record of what comes up with drilling mud, produced by a person called a mud logger)
Rate of penetration or drill-time logDrilling breaks: rapid increases in rate of penetration, commonly as the result of increased porosity (but new bits cause the same thing, hopefully as noted).
Cuttings (pieces of rock generated by bit and flushed up hole).Subject to frequency of samplingSubject to contamination from previously-drilled strata (“cave”)Logged both as actual arrivals and as inferred lithology drilled
Shows (emissions of gas as measured by detectors, and oiled-stained cuttings at detected by fluorescence in UV)
Cores Tripping in and out; lessened circulation
Side-wall cores Small samples
Logging while drilling (LWD) (and logging while tripping)
Measurement while drilling (MWD)
Wireline logs
Drill stem tests (DSTs) Packer failure
Production tests
Velocity surveys
Bottom-hole temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs (mud log = record of what comes up with drilling mud, produced by a person called a mud logger)
Rate of penetration or drill-time logDrilling breaks: rapid increases in rate of penetration, commonly as the result of increased porosity (but new bits cause the same thing, hopefully as noted).
Cuttings (pieces of rock generated by bit and flushed up hole).Subject to frequency of samplingSubject to contamination from previously-drilled strata (“cave”)Logged both as actual arrivals and as inferred lithology drilled
Shows (emissions of gas as measured by detectors, and oiled-stained cuttings at detected by fluorescence in UV)
Cores Tripping in and out; lessened circulation
Side-wall cores Small samples
Logging while drilling (LWD) (and logging while tripping)
Measurement while drilling (MWD)
Wireline logs
Drill stem tests (DSTs) Packer failure
Production tests
Velocity surveys
Bottom-hole temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs (mud log = record of what comes up with drilling mud, produced by a person called a mud logger)
Rate of penetration or drill-time logDrilling breaks: rapid increases in rate of penetration, commonly as the result of increased porosity (but new bits cause the same thing, hopefully as noted).
CuttingsSubject to frequency of samplingSubject to contamination from previously-drilled strata (“cave”)Logged both as actual arrivals and as inferred lithology drilled
Shows (emissions of gas as measured by detectors, and oiled-stained cuttings at detected by fluorescence in UV)
Cores Tripping in and out; lessened circulation
Side-wall cores Small samples
Logging while drilling (LWD) (and logging while tripping)
Measurement while drilling (MWD)
Wireline logs
Drill stem tests (DSTs) Packer failure
Production tests
Velocity surveys
Bottom-hole temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
Whittaker, 2010, The Online Mudlogging Handbook
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University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
Whittaker, 2010, The Online Mudlogging Handbook
?
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
Whittaker, 2010, The Online Mudlogging Handbook
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs
Cores Cylinders of rock cut by core-barrel rather than drill bit Great sources of lithologic/petrophysical information Not commonly taken because core barrels only hold 60 feet
(thus lots of time in tripping out and in and out etc.) Not commonly taken because circulation is diminished while coring Recovery is usually not 100%
Side-wall cores Small samples taken after drilling by explosive-propelled cups
on a wireline tool.
Logging while drilling (LWD) (and logging while tripping)
Measurement while drilling (MWD)
Wireline logs
Drill stem tests (DSTs) Packer failure
Production tests
Velocity surveys
Bottom-hole temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs
Cores Cylinders of rock cut by core-barrel rather than drill bit Great sources of lithologic/petrophysical information Not commonly taken because core barrels only hold 60 feet
(thus lots of time in tripping out and in and out etc.) Not commonly taken because circulation is diminished while coring Recovery is usually not 100%
Side-wall cores Small samples taken after drilling by explosive-propelled cups
on a wireline tool.
Logging while drilling (LWD) (and logging while tripping)
Measurement while drilling (MWD)
Wireline logs
Drill stem tests (DSTs) Packer failure
Production tests
Velocity surveys
Bottom-hole temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
joshuahicks.us/about_me
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs
Cores Cylinders of rock cut by core-barrel rather than drill bit Great sources of lithologic/petrophysical information Not commonly taken because core barrels only hold 60 feet
(thus lots of time in tripping out and in and out etc.) Not commonly taken because circulation is diminished while coring Recovery is usually not 100%
Side-wall cores Small samples taken after drilling by explosive-propelled cups
on a wireline tool.
Logging while drilling (LWD) (and logging while tripping)
Measurement while drilling (MWD)
Wireline logs
Drill stem tests (DSTs) Packer failure
Production tests
Velocity surveys
Bottom-hole temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
Explosive caps for side-wall core samples
krandeegroup.com/theuvenins_5/album1.html
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
from the webpages of theCanada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board(www.cnsopb.ns.ca/what_we_do.php)
Side-wall core samples
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs Cores
Side-wall cores
Drill stem tests (DSTs) Test of flow rate and pressure in interval of hole
sealed with packer(s) on end of drill string. Failure of packers against wall of open hole is a common problem.
Wireline logs Responses from tools/sensors lowered into the hole on cables
and pulled upward. Detection of electrical, radioactive, acoustic, and other properties.
Logging while drilling (LWD) (and logging while tripping)
Measurement while drilling (MWD)
Production tests
Velocity surveys
Bottom-hole temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
Assaad 2008
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs Cores
Side-wall cores
Drill stem tests (DSTs) Test of flow rate and pressure in interval of hole
sealed with packer(s) on end of drill string. Failure of packers against wall of open hole is a common problem.
Wireline logs Responses from tools/sensors lowered into the hole on cables
and pulled upward. Detection of electrical, radioactive, acoustic, and other properties.
Logging while drilling (LWD) (and logging while tripping)
Measurement while drilling (MWD)
Production tests
Velocity surveys
Bottom-hole temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs Cores
Side-wall cores
Drill stem tests (DSTs) Test of flow rate and pressure in interval of hole
sealed with packer(s) on end of drill string. Failure of packers against wall of open hole is a common problem.
Wireline logs Responses from tools/sensors lowered into the hole on cables
and pulled upward. Detection of electrical, radioactive, acoustic, and other properties.
Logging while drilling (LWD) (and logging while tripping)
Measurement while drilling (MWD)
Production tests
Velocity surveys
Bottom-hole temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
petr
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IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs Cores
Side-wall cores
Drill stem tests (DSTs) Test of flow rate and pressure in interval of hole
sealed with packer(s) on end of drill string. Failure of packers against wall of open hole is a common problem.
Wireline logs Responses from tools/sensors lowered into the hole on cables
and pulled upward. Detection of electrical, radioactive, acoustic, and other properties.
Logging while drilling (LWD) (and logging while tripping)
Measurement while drilling (MWD)
Production tests
Velocity surveys
Bottom-hole temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulation
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
Rigzone
Logging-while-drilling technology
Rigzone
Measurement-while-drilling technology
Rigzone
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from wellsInformation on mud logs Cores
Side-wall coresDrill stem tests (DSTs)Wireline logsLogging while drilling (LWD) (and logging while tripping)Measurement while drilling (MWD)
Production testsMeasurement of rate of flow from bottom of hole
or from perforations of casing.
Vertical seismic profilesMeasurement of travel time of seismic pulses from surface
to bottom of hole.
Bottom-hole temperatures (BHTs)Measurement of temperatureProblem: circulation of mud and movement of tool stir mud,
disturbing equilibrium distribution of temperature.
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
www.geo.wvu.edu/~jtoro/Petroleum/Review%203.html#maps
IX. Geoscience information from wellsInformation on mud logs Cores
Side-wall coresDrill stem tests (DSTs)Wireline logsLogging while drilling (LWD) (and logging while tripping)Measurement while drilling (MWD)
Production testsMeasurement of rate of flow from bottom of hole
or from perforations of casing.
Vertical seismic profilesMeasurement of travel time of seismic pulses from surface
to bottom of hole.
Bottom-hole temperatures (BHTs)Measurement of temperatureProblem: circulation of mud and movement of tool stir mud,
disturbing equilibrium distribution of temperature.
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
IX. Geoscience information from wells
Information on mud logs Cores
Side-wall coresDrill stem tests (DSTs)
Wireline logsLogging while drilling (LWD and LWT)Measurement while drilling (MWD)
Production testsVertical seismic profilesBottom-hole temperatures (BHTs)
University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology
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