M2M implications Rudolf van der Berg rudolf.vanderberg@oecd.org.
Post on 31-Mar-2015
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M2M implications
Rudolf van der Bergrudolf.vanderberg@oecd.org
Disclaimer
This presentation is based on work by Logica for the Dutch Ministry of
Economic Affairs. The views presented here are my own and may
or may not represent those of the OECD and its member countries.
Billions of devices
• Ericsson: 50 billion devices by 2020• eCall: 14 million cars per year• Energy: 10bn sockets in North
America• Nike+ shoe • Smart meters, grids, cities, dykes• Multiple communication modules
per device? e.g. for a car?
M2M applications by type
Dispersed
Smart Grid, Meter, City
Remote monitoring
Car automation
eHealth
Logistics
Portable consumer electronics
Concentrated
Smart Home
Factory automation
eHealth
On-site logistics
Fixed Mobile
M2M networks by type
Dispersed
PSTN
Broadband
2G/3G/4G
Power line communication
2G/3G/4G
Satellite
Concentrated
Wireless Personal Area Network s
Wired networks
Indoor electrical wiring
Wifi
Wifi
Wireless Personal Area Network s
Fixed Mobile
2G/3G/4G and WPAN for M2M
• Not one clear winner• WPAN best for in and around the
home– How to connect to a gateway to
internet?• 2G/3G/4G best for dispersed
applications– Near global coverage– SIM based zero configuration
authentication • Policy implications in use of
2G/3G/4G
Impact on business models
• The consumer is not the user• A company or government is M2M
user– Controls parameters for millions of
devices– Needs to contract connectivity for
device• Change from one user, one phone to
one one user, million phones. • M2M user have different
requirements– Businesses are responding to some
Business requirements
Business requirements difficult to fulfil:– Switch mobile networks without SIM
swap• Logistics of switching 10,000 SIMs is a
nightmare– National roaming to avoid dark spots
and failure– Negotiate roaming with local operators
• Gives small operators a chance of M2M contract
– Seamless access to home gateways– Guarantees on life time of network (30
years)
A SIMple piece of plastic?
• SIM-card locks M2M-user to network
• If M2M users could be MVNO with own SIM-cards, they could roam and switch
• Only public service providers have access to IMSI-numbers for SIM-cards
• One option is to liberalise market and give private networks access to IMSI-numbers– See Logica for Dutch Ministry of
Economic Affairs – Flexibel gebruik MNC’s
How?
• Get IMSI from regulator • Outsource platform and HLR (like
telco’s)• Contract telcos in each country
– It’s easiest if you need only one country– Great opportunity for intermediairies
• Contract with broadband networks for access to wifi?– New, but standards exist
Precedents
• Everyone can get a block of IP-addresses and Autonomous System Number– Allows Googles and Amazons to appear– AS42848 is European Commission
• Dutch Ministry of Defense has own IMSI’s
• UK and NL allow private organisations to use GSM in unlicensed DECT-guard band
Technical solution not enough
• Over the Air update of SIM with new IMSI and crypto keys
• Work on industry standard started this year under pressure of Apple
• Control lies with telco for all parameters
• Doesn’t solve all business problems
The options compared
Telco SIM OTA update Own MVNO
Switch telco SIM-Swap Telco initiated MVNO initiated
National roaming
Foreign SIM, all networks generally
Foreign IMSI 1, 2, 3, or 4 networks, M2M user decides
Negotiate roaming
Telco determines network and price
Telco determines network and price
M2M user negotiates network and price
Home gateway Maybe, telco chooses
Maybe, telco chooses
M2M user negotiates access
30 year life time If telcos cooperate
If network isn’t shut down
If network isn’t shut down
Other policy problems with M2M
• Numbering (enough phone numbers?)
• Privacy (think TomTom)• Sharing public/private sector
information• Frequency policy (M2M will lock in
frequencies for 30 years?)
Conclusion
• M2M changes the market, with a new user emerging: The million device user
• This user is currently locked in and can’t directly get access to numbers
• One option may be liberalising the market.
• M2M user will probably use own SIM with own IMSI with OTA possibility– In case of case of acquisition or selling
of part of business, SIMs can be updated
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