Transcript
LTE Training
Session 1 _ LTE Overview
05/11/2015
2 Azerconnect Performance and QA Team
• LTE World
• Basic Information about LTE
• UE Categories
• LTE Operating bands – FDD
• LTE Channel bandwidths
• Basic LTE Frame Structure
• Introduction about Main U2000 Functions
• Network architecture introduction
Contents
3 Azerconnect Performance and QA Team
LTE networks are operational in
176 countries, 677 different mobile
networks investing ,
422 commercially launched LTE.
As per the second quarter 2015,
755 million subscribers are using
LTE ( third quarter of 2013, over
157 million global subscribers are
using LTE)
LTE World
LTE-Advanced deployments have taken hold in all markets around the world. Now over 30% of operators are investing in LTE-
Advanced system deployments, with the commercialization of carrier aggregation the first feature to be exploited. 88 operators,
i.e. over 20% of all LTE operators, have commercially launched LTE-Advanced service in 45 countries. 15 LTE-Advanced
networks support Category 4 devices (above 100 Mbps up to 150 Mbps peak downlink speed) while 73 networks support
Category 6 devices (above 150 Mbps up to 300 Mbps).
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September 10, 2015: LTE subscriptions forecast growth worldwide to 2020. Chart showing LTE subscriptions forecast growth
worldwide to 2020.
Q2 2015 total LTE subscriptions worldwide = 755 million, and equivalent to 10.44% share of the global mobile subs base.
LTE World
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95% > Max Mean
FTP DL Throughput (Mbps) 90.97% 97.54 37.68
FTP UL Throughput (Mbps) 85.49% 47.56 18.48
Min Max Mean
EPS bearer setup time eUTRAN (ms) 32 1453 651.6
Ping eUTRAN (EPS bearer active)(ms) 10 66 16.79
Total # Fail #
PS session setup success rate eUTRAN 92 0 100.00%
PS session drop rate eUTRAN 103 2 1.90%
Handover Success Rate eUTRAN 848 0 100.00%
KPI DescriptionCount
KPI Value
KPI DescriptionValue
- World`s first LTE network was Launched in Norway.
KPIs sample for a cluster in Oslo
LTE World
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London Traffic - LTE launch day ( 31 October 2012)
Number of LTE users - London
LTE World
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London Traffic - LTE launch day ( 31 October 2012)
LTE World
EE reaches 7.7M LTE subscribers, 2015
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LTE World
Baku Traffic - LTE launch day ( 5 December 2014)
Good Samples Zone
Bakcell Azercell Nar
Total Score 296 380 300
Max Score 560 560 560
% Score 52.86% 67.86% 53.57%
Total Score 488 487 419
Max Score 784 784 784
% Score 62.24% 62.12% 53.44%
Total Score 34 20 46
Max Score 56 56 56
% Score 60.71% 35.71% 82.14%
GSM
WCDMA
LTE
Technology
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• Long Term Evolution (LTE) starts from 3GPP release 8.
• 3GPP Technical Report 25.9 13 defines the key objectives of LTE as:
• Support for a flexible transmission bandwidth up to 20 MHz
• Peak downlink data rate of 100 Mbps when using 2 receive antenna at the UE
• Peak uplink data rate of 50 Mbps when using 1 transmit antenna at the UE
• High DL/UL Spectrum efficiency
• Round trip time of less than 10 ms.
Basic Information about LTE
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Basic Information about LTE
- Round Trip Time
Basic Information about LTE
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• LTE has a flat architecture which minimizes the number of network elements.
• LTE is optimized for Packet Switched (PS) services but includes functionality to handle Circuit Switched (CS) services, e.g. CS
fallback to UMTS.
• LTE supports the speech service using Voice over IP. Otherwise, the speech service can be supported by allowing the UE to
fallback to UMTS, GSM or CDMA2000
• LTE supports Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (MBMS) for the transmission of mobile TV.
• Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) versions of LTE have been standardized, Both allow channel
bandwidths of up to 20 MHz.
• LTE allows inter-working with existing GSM, UMTS and CDMA2000 technologies.
• LTE uses QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM modulation schemes with OFDMA (downlink) and SC-FDMA (uplink) multiple access
technologies.
Basic Information about LTE
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• LTE supports Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna technology in the downlink direction. ,3GPP releases 8 and 9 do not
support MIMO in the uplink direction.
• Existing spectrum allocations can be re-farmed for the introduction of LTE.
• LTE simplifies network planning by minimizing the requirement for manually planned neighbor lists
• LTE includes Self Organizing Network (SON) functionality to help automate network configuration, optimization, fault finding and
fault handling.
• LTE Advanced starts from 3GPP release 10.
• LTE Advanced introduces Carrier Aggregation to provide wider effective channel bandwidths. It also introduces MIMO in the uplink
direction, as well as increasing the number of antenna elements which can be used for MIMO in the downlink direction
- May 2013, EE Switched on World`s fastest 4G Network offering up to 300 Mbps
Basic Information about LTE
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3GPP release User equipment
category
Maximum L1 data
rate Downlink
Maximum number of
DL MIMO layers
Maximum L1 Data
Rate UL
Maximum Dl
modulation
Maximum UL
Modulation
Release 8 Category 1 10.3 Mbit/s 1 5.2 Mbit/s 64 QAM 16 QAM
Release 8 Category 2 51.0 Mbit/s 2 25.5 Mbit/s 64 QAM 16 QAM
Release 8 Category 3 102.0 Mbit/s 2 51.0 Mbit/s 64 QAM 16 QAM
Release 8 Category 4 150.8 Mbit/s 2 51.0 Mbit/s 64 QAM 16 QAM
Release 8 Category 5 299.6 Mbit/s 4 75.4 Mbit/s 64 QAM 64 QAM
Release 10 Category 6 300 Mbp/s 4 50 Mbps 64 QAM 64 QAM
UE Categories
• A single UE category defines both the uplink and downlink capabilities.
• Table above presents the most important capabilities associated with each UE category. Categories 1 to 5 were introduced within
• the 3GPP release 8 or 9 UE can be implemented to support a UE category between 1 and 5.
• The maximum total bits per Transmission Time Interval (TTI) in the downlink defines the maximum downlink throughput.
• , A single TTI corresponds to 1 ms sub frame duration.
• The maximum downlink throughput specified for the release 8 and 9 versions of the 3GPP specifications is 300 Mbps.
• ,This is supported when transferring 2 transport blocks per sub frame on a single RF carrier.
• UE performance requirements have been specified based upon the assumption that all UE support downlink receive diversity.
• UE categories 2, 3 and 4 support 2x2 MIMO in the downlink whereas UE category 5 can also support 4x4 MIMO in the downlink.
Feature : LOFD-001030 Support of UE Category 2/3/4:E-UTRAN needs to respect the signaled UE radio access capability parameters
when configuring the UE and when scheduling the UE. So there are five categories defined in the protocol. This feature can enable BS to
support UE category 2/3/4.
Basic Information about LTE
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U2000 - Functions
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Huawei E392
U2000 - Functions
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Samsung Galaxy SIII I9305
U2000 - Functions
How to use for customer complains?
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Brand Model
HTC HTC One XL / EDGE (X325S, PJ8312000)
Huawei Huawei M920 (Activa 4G)
LG LS840 (Viper 4G LTE)
LG MS840 (Cayman/Connect 4G)
LG MS910 Esteem 4G (Bryce)
Qualcomm Qualcomm FFA8960
Samsung SCH-R530M (Galaxy S III LTE)
Samsung SCH-i535 (Galaxy S III)
Samsung SPH-L710 (Galaxy S III LTE)
Samsung GT-i9210 (Galaxy S II LTE)
Samsung SGH-I727 (Galaxy S II Skyrocket)
Samsung SGH-i747 (Galaxy S III LTE/Pebble Blue)
Samsung SGH-T999L (Galaxy S III)
Sony XPERIA T LT30a
Sony XPERIA V/LT25i
ZTE ZTE N910 (Anthem 4G)
LG
Samsung
Sony
UE Penetration in X Project
UEs supporting LTE FDD
UE Categories
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• The LTE operating bands specified by 3GPP
• for Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) are shown
• in the table .
• The majority of these operating bands have
• also been specified for use by UMTS/GSM.
• This allows UMTS/GSM spectrum to be
• re-farmed for LTE, or for LTE and UMTS to
• share the same operating bands.
• The majority of operating bands have their
• uplink frequencies below their downlink
• frequencies. This approach helps to conserve UE
• battery power by allowing UE to transmit within
• the band which has the better radio propagation
• performance, i.e. radio Propagation tends to be
• better at lower frequencies.
• Operating bands 13, 14, 20 and 24 have
• uplink bands which are higher than their
• downlink bands.
• Operating bands 15,16 excluded from 3GPP.
LTE Operating bands - FDD
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LTE Operating bands - FDD
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• * The downlink subcarrier bandwidth includes an additional 15 kHz to accommodate a null subcarrier
at the center of all other subcarriers. The null subcarrier provides 15 kHz of empty spectrum within
which nothing is transmitted
• * The total subcarrier bandwidth is less than the channel
bandwidth to allow for the roll-off of emissions and to provide some guard band.
• The larger channel bandwidths provide support for
• the higher throughputs. Smaller channel
• bandwidths provide support for lower throughputs but are easier to accommodate within existing
spectrum allocations
• 3GPP also specifies a subcarrier spacing of 7.5 kHz (in addition to
• the subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz). The subcarrier spacing of 7.5 kHz is only
• used in cells which are dedicated to Multimedia Broadcast Multicast
• Services (MBMS). There are 24 rather than 12 subcarriers per Resource
• Block when using the 7.5 kHz subcarrier spacing so the total bandwidth
• of a Resource Block remains the same
• LTE Advanced provides support for Carrier Aggregation which allows
• multiple ‘Component Carriers’ to be used in parallel. This effectively
• increases the channel bandwidth to the sum of the individual
• Component Carriers`
LOFD-001051 Compact Bandwidth ? LBBK 5195I
Channel Bandwidths
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Channel Bandwidths
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• DC stands for Direct Current and it is a subcarrier that has no information sent on it. This is an important
subcarrier in OFDM based systems. It is used by the mobile device to locate the center of the OFDM frequency
band.
Guard Subcarriers
Channel Bandwidths
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RRU3929 for Band 3. RX Frequency
Band (MHz) from 1710 to 1785. TX
Frequency Band (MHz) from 1805 to
1880. Bandwidth (MHz) can be 1.4, 3,
5, 10, 15 and 20
Each RRU3939 supports 2 carriers
Channel Bandwidths
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Channel Bandwidths
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2 Slots
1ms
0.5ms
7 OFDM Symbols – Normal CP
6 OFDM Symbols – Extended CP
10ms
FDD - RF frame is called Type 1 by the 3GPP
Tu = Useful Symbol Duration
Tcp = Cyclic Prefix duration
Tecp = Extended Cyclic Prefix duration
CP (guard time between symbols)
TTI=1ms
Basic LTE Frame Structure - Time
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Ex: 20M
1200
12 12*7=84
7
100 RB
15 khz
• * A Resource Block represents the basic unit of resource for the
LTE air-interface. The eNodeB scheduler allocates Resource
Blocks to UE when allowing data transfer.
• * The subcarriers belong to the Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiple Access (OFDMA) technology in the downlink, and the
Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA)
technology in the uplink
• * There are 12 subcarriers per Resource Block so the number of
subcarriers equals 12 x number of Resource Blocks
• * Each subcarrier occupies 15 kHz so the total subcarrier
bandwidth equals 15 kHz x number of subcarriers
Basic LTE Frame Structure - Frequency
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OFDM Signal
DC Subcarrier
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What is the minimum resource allocation unit in LTE ?
- The control channels mapped on the Resource Elements
Groups (REGs)
- A REG is made up of 4 (or 6 if there are pilot sub-carriers) sub-
carriers during 1 symbol.
- The REG are grouped into the CCE (Control Channel Element)
, 1 CCE = 9 REG
Physical channel Modulation schemes
PDCCH QPSK
EX: PDCCH format 0, 1 CCE, so it is 9 REG, SO
IT IS 9 REG*4 SC*2bit for QPSK modulation=72
bits
Basic LTE Frame Structure
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LTE Network architecture
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S/P-
GW
EPC
LMT M2000
CME
NASTAR
GENEX
MAINEX
E-NB
E-NB
X2
Environment
monitor
e-RAN
S1-u
S1-u
S/P-
GW
Power supply
MME
S1-c
Itf-s
S1-c
S1-u
S1-u
Itf-s
CLK
SERVER
GPS antenna
LTE Network architecture
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