Location Map - Nepal Nepal Source:Great Rivers of the World, National Geographic Society, 1984.
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Location Map - Nepal
Nepal
Source: Great Rivers of the World, National Geographic Society, 1984
Hydropower Potential of Nepal
Average annual flow : 225 Billion m3
Theoretical generation capacity : 83,000 MW
Economically feasible capacity : 44,000 MW
Number of feasible sites : 66
Existing, under construction and committed capacity : 666 MW
Potential to meet national and regional needs
ED C, HM G/N
W . Seti
BheriKali Gandaki
Trisuli
M arsayangdi
Burhi Gandaki
Arun
Sun Koshi
D udh K oshi
Tam a K oshi
BagmatiBasin
KankaiBasin
W est R apti
Babai
Sapta Koshi
BhoteK oshi
Rapti
N
Upper K arnali(300 M W )
Upper K arnali(300 M W )
Budhi G anga(22 M W )
Budhi G anga(22 M W )
Likhu K hola(50 M W )
Likhu K hola(50 M W )
Tam ur(101 M W )
Tam ur(101 M W )
*KATH MANDU
Rahughat K hola(27 M W )
Rahughat K hola(27 M W )
K abeli ‘A’(30 M W )
K abeli ‘A’(30 M W )
Dudh Koshi(300 M W )
Dudh Koshi(300 M W )
CHINA
INDIA
Andhi Khola(5 M W )
Andhi Khola(5 M W )
K arnali (Chisapani)(10,800 M W )
K arnali (Chisapani)(10,800 M W )
Bhote Khosi(36 M W )
Bhote Khosi(36 M W )
K ali G andaki-2(572 M W ??)
K ali G andaki-2(572 M W ??)
W est Seti(750 M W )
W est Seti(750 M W )
Pancheshwar(6,400 M W ?)
Pancheshwar(6,400 M W ?)
K himti K hola(60 M W )
K himti K hola(60 M W )
Jim ruk(12 M W )
Jim ruk(12 M W )
M ahakali BasinLegend:
Karnali B asin
Gandaki Basin
Southern Rivers Basin Koshi Basin
Major River Basins and Hydropower Projects in Nepal
Nepal: Power Demand and Supply
Demand by 2005: 622 MW
Existing Capacity: 535 MW
Committed additions : 23 MWPrivate Sector 16 MWPublic Sector 7 MW-20 % population have access to electricity
Total generation by 2005: 660 MW
Scenario of Generation by 2002/03
• Peaking Capacity : 604 MW• Expected Peak (annual) : 482 MW• Max. Surplus (wet season) : 154 MW • Surplus Capacity (dry season) : 41 MW • Average Energy : 3260 GWh• Demand Energy : 2110 GWh• Surplus Energy : 1150 GWh
Policy & Legal Framework
Hydropower Development Policy - 1992
Industrial Policy - 1992
Foreign Investment & One-Window Policy-1992
Electricity Act - 1992 (Regulations – 1993) Electricity Theft Control Act - 2002
Industrial Enterprises Act - 1992
Foreign Investment and Technology Tfr. Act,1992 Environment Conservation Act - 1996 (Regulation-1997)
National Environmental Impact AssessmentGuidelines - 1993
Legal Framework
Survey license issued within 30 days
Period of such licence up to 5 years
Project license issued within 120 days
Period of such license up to 50 years
Exclusive water rights
Public consultation before issuance of Project license
Government land provided on lease or acquisition of private land
Major Players in Water and Energy Sector
Ministry of Water Resources (MOWR) Line Ministry responsible for development & Protection of Nepal’s Water and
Energy Resources Overall regulatory authority for Power Sector Oversight of operation of Public and Private Power sector development
Water and Energy Commission & its Secretariat (WEC/WECS)
Formulation policy and Strategy Analyzing Bilateral and Multilateral Projects Reviewing multipurpose large & medium projects Coordinating national sectoral policies
Tariff Fixation Commission (TFC) Review on electricity tariff levels Fixation of tariff structures Fixation of charges for all consumers
Major Players in Water and Energy Sector
Tariff Fixation Commission (TFC) Composition:
Person nominated by His Majesty’s Government from non-governmental sector ChairmanRepresentative , Ministry of Water Resources MemberEconomist nominated by His Majesty’s Government from non-government sector MemberPerson nominated by His Majesty’s Government among the licensee of the electricity generation, transmission or distribution MemberRepresentative, Federation of Nepal Chamber of Commerce and Industry MemberPerson nominated by His majesty’s Government from among the Consumers MemberDirector General, Department of Electricity Development Member
Secretary
Major Players in Water and Energy Sector
Department of Electricity Development (DoED) Study and Development of Multipurpose, Bilateral and Major Hydropower Projects Promotion and Development of Private investment in Power Sector including Licensing Preparation of Standards for Transmission and Distribution of electricity and Inspection &
Monitoring for its compliance Advisory assistance to MOWR Acts as secretariat of Tariff Fixation Commission. Department of Electricity Development (DOED) has been established as “One Window” for
Issuance of survey & project licenses Providing concessions & incentives Assistance in importing goods Assistance in obtaining land Assistance in obtaining permits, approvals Acts as a Regulatory and monitoring body
Institutional Aspect contd…
Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) An HMG/N undertaking established under NEA ACT 1984 Generation of Electricity Transmission of Electricity Distribution of Electricity
Market
Domestic: Nepal Electricity Authority
Foreign: IndiaHuge power demand
Under Power exchange arrangementPresent - 50 MW. Agreed - 150 MW
132 kV links available at two points, three additional identified
Under Power trade agreement signed in June
1997.
Regional: Under Growth quadrangle concept within
SAARC.
Present Tariff Structure
Meter Capacity Minimum charge Street lamp
Up to 5 Amp Rs. 80.00 Rs. 2.0015 Amp Rs. 299.00 Rs.10.0030 Amp Rs. 664.00 Rs. 30.0060 Amp Rs. 1394.00 Rs.
100.00Three Phase Rs. 3244.00 Rs.
100.00
Energy Charge per unit: up to 20 units Rs. 4.00 per unit; 21 to 250 units Rs. 7.30 per unit; above 250 units Rs. 9.90 per unit.
HMGN/NEA Policy onPower Purchases from Small
Projects
Rate: Rs 3 per unit during mid April-mid November
Rs 4.25 during mid December-mid April - an annual escalation of 6 percent per
annum for five years and will be reviewed thereafter. - PPA for 25 years
- 100KW to 1000KW will be purchased by NEA with - an immediate effect
Basis of Tariff Fixation
- Rate of Depreciation,- Reasonable profit- Mode of the operation of the plant- Change in the consumer’s price index,- Royalty and the policy adopted by His
Majesty’s Government to the development of electricity
- Marginal cost of electricity generation- The exchange rate of convertible foreign
currency- The cost of fuel to be used for the
production of electricity
Tariff Fixation contd.
- Review the financial agreement entered between the licensee and the financial institution providing loan or investing capital in the concerned electricity project
- Types of Consumers- Social Liability- Cross Subsidies- Potential for demand side management- Organizational Efficiency
Issues and Challenges: tariff
Affordability and Tariff Rationalization
Tariff design should give due considerations for the economic standards of people
Subsidy to the needy, effective mechanism to be devised and needs to be made transparent
Tariff should be based on only prudent investments and efficient operations
Independent Tariff Fixation Commission ( Consumer protection) Appeal provision on TFC decision.
HMGN/NEA Policy onPower Purchases from Small
Projects
Rate: Rs 3 per unit during mid April-mid November
Rs 4.25 during mid December-mid April - an annual escalation of 6 percent per
annum for five years and will be reviewed thereafter. - PPA for 25 years
- 100KW to 1000KW will be purchased by NEA with - an immediate effect
Issues and Challenges: hydropower
Producing Cheap Power
Increasing Accessibility
Improving Efficiency
Mobilization of Resources
Affordability and Tariff Rationalization
Improving the selection process of projects Addressing Environmental concerns Improving the policy and Regulatory framework Establishment of Institutional set up
New Hydropower Policy
Approved by HMG/N in October 2001 Emphasis on Expansion of Power System
and Rural Electrification
Develop Electricity as Export Commodity
Increased participation of private sector
Restructuring of power sector to create an enabling environment for private sector participation
New Hydropower PolicyMajor Deviation From Existing Legal Provision:
Duration of Generation License Maximum of 35 years as against 50
yearsRoyalty
Rs. 100-200/kW/Year in capacity as against Rs. 100/kW/Year1.75 - 2 % /kWh in energy as against 2%
New Hydropower Policy
Income TaxCorporate Tax max. 20% as per Income Tax Act
Institutional Arrangement Regulatory body Promotional body Electricity Energy Management Study
Institution Unbundling of Nepal Electricity Authority
New Hydropower Policy: Institutional
Regulatory body: The present TFC to be developed into a Regulatory body
Functions: To fix the electricity tariff and wheeling
tariff To monitor the safety of electricity system
and regularity in supply, to supervise and monitor the quality of electricity, to set standards for the safety of electricity system and regularity in supply,
To protect consumer’s interest To prepare a grid code To set standards and develop criteria for
quality control
New Hydropower Policy
To review the basis of electricity purchase as per understanding reached between buyers and sellers
To fix the electricity tariff rates to be sold to consumers
New Hydropower Policy
Promotional body: Department of Electricity Development
Functions: To organize competitive bidding in the
process of issuing license To provide facilities to be available under
One Window Policy and attract private sector investment for hydropower development
To encourage private sector participation in hydropower projects
To process and approve the hydropower projects above 1MW for its best use
New Hydropower Policy
To conduct feasibility study of hydropower projects and study of multipurpose projects
To perform activities pertaining to promotional measures and monitoring and also render assistance to the private sector in the implementation of projects.
New Hydropower Policy
Water and Energy Commission SecretariatFunctions: To conduct study pertaining to national
electricity demand forecast and system planning
To conduct the preliminary identification of the hydro projects
To conduct various policy research works for the development of electricity sector.
New Hydropower Policy
Electricity Energy Management Study Institution
To conduct research works pertaining to financial, legal, environmental and technical aspects in the field of electricity
To provide training in the above matters
Unbundling of Nepal Electricity Authority- A proper institutional arrangement shall be made after the gradual unbundling of generation, transmission and national grid system presently under the ownership of NEA
New Hydropower Policy
- The national grid system shall be handed over to an autonomous public entity
- Local agencies, communities/ cooperative institution and private sector shall be encouraged in the distribution of electricity.
Consumers Protection Act, 1997
- To protect the interest of consumers from illegal business activities
Consumers Protection Council of 13 members headed by Minister of supplies
-Provision of imprisonment along with fines in violation of the activities as mentioned in the Act
- His Majesty’s Government will be the plaintiff in the cases under this Act
- Cases to be filed in District Court
Consumers Protection Act, 1997
- Complaint can be filed for compensation for the loss suffered as a result of activities prohibited by this Act before the Compensation Committee
- Compensation Committee in each district headed by Chief District Officer
- Appeal can be filed before the Appellate Court against the decision of Compensation Committee
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