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Liverpool City Region Local Industrial Strategy
Evidence baseJuly 2019
Liverpool City Region is a growing economy . . .
2
Liverpool City Region is a £32bn economy - measured
by Gross Value Added (GVA). In the last decade, we
have added over £6bn to our economy, against the
backdrop of the deepest recession the UK has
experienced since the Second World War.
Our economy stagnated during the recession, while
others were shrinking, and it took longer for the full impact
to be felt in LCR. This means it has taken us longer to
recover, while other economies started to rebound as
early as 2009, our recovery did not start until 2013.
We are now experiencing strong levels of growth, for
three of the last four years we have grown faster than the
national average, and between 2016 and 2017, our
economy grew by more than 5%.
GVA Growth 2007-2017
Source: ONS
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
£0
£5,000
£10,000
£15,000
£20,000
£25,000
£30,000
£35,000
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
GVA £ millions Indexed growth (Right Hand Side)
. . . but we have performance gaps to close
3
A delayed recovery has widened the gap between
LCR and the UK in terms of relative output, and
productivity.
Our economy generates £20.4k of GVA for every LCR
resident, 77% of the UK level. Since 2010, the gap has
increased from £4.5k to £6.7k per person.
Our productivity (GVA per filled job) tracks much
closer to national levels, and is 89% of the UK level.
Despite this, every filled job in the LCR produces £6k
less output than the UK.
40,000 42,000 44,000 46,000 48,000 50,000 52,000 54,000
20102011201220132014201520162017
UK
North
West
GVA per head (2010-2017)
Source: ONS
GVA per filled job (2010-2017)
18,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
26,000
28,000
20102011201220132014201520162017
UK
North
West
. . .and so, to close these gaps, we need to improve our performance
against the five foundations
4
In October 2018, HM Government published a Policy
Prospectus for Local Industrial Strategies to “build on
unique local strengths to ensure every community,
and the country, reaches their economic potential
and creates high quality good jobs.”
Local Industrial Strategies should boost productivity and
earning potential across local areas by focusing on the
five foundations of productivity.
1 – People
6
Our population is growing – but at a relatively slow rate . . .
0%
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% Change in population by LEP (1997-2017)
Source: Mid Year Population Estimates
1.5 million people live in the City Region, and our population has grown year-on-year since 2003. However, comparatively,
we have experienced a slow rate of population growth, growing slower than any other LEP.
7
… and we have a number of ageing communities
Dependency Ratio (2017)
Source: Mid Year Population Estimates
0.440.460.480.500.520.540.560.580.600.620.640.660.680.70
Dependency Ratio UK Level
At the City Region level, the ageing population is less
prominent than for other areas of the UK. However,
this masks the prevalence of the ageing society in
other areas of the City Region, particularly Sefton and
Wirral.
In both of these areas, the dependency ratio is also
considerably higher than the UK level, reflective of the
high proportion of residents age 65+ and smaller
Working Age Populations. In these areas, the Working
Age Population face a greater burden in supporting
the ageing and youth population.
We have a Working Age Population of 977k which has grown (with fluctuations) over the last 30 years.
8
Overall, our Working Age Population is growing. . .
910
920
930
940
950
960
970
980
990
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Thousands
Liverpool City Region Working Age Population (1997-2017)
Source: Mid Year Population Estimates
Our skills profile is improving. Since 2004, the proportion of highly skilled residents has increased, at the same
time, the proportion of residents with no qualifications has fallen.
19%
15%16% 15%
24%
33%
18%19%
10% 11%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
% with NVQ4+ - aged
16-64
% with NVQ3 only - aged
16-64
% with NVQ2 only - aged
16-64
% with NVQ1 only - aged
16-64
% with no qualifications
(NVQ) - aged 16-64
Jan 2004-Dec 2004 Jan 2018-Dec 2018
9
. . . And the WAP is becoming more skilled. . .
Change in qualification levels (2004-2018)
Source: Annual Population Survey
10
. . . But we need more highly skilled workers
While our skills profile is improving, comparatively, we have a low proportion of highly skilled workers (NVQ4+), and a
high proportion of residents with no qualifications. A highly skilled population is a key component of a competitive,
productive economy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
% with NVQ4+ - aged 16-
64
% with NVQ3 only - aged
16-64
% with NVQ2 only - aged
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% with NVQ1 only - aged
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% with no qualifications
(NVQ) - aged 16-64
LCR North West UK
Qualification levels of the Working Age Population (2018)
Source: Annual Population Survey
11
Our employment rate is growing. . .
Employment Rate (2004 -2018)
Source: Annual Population Survey
64%66%68%70%72%74%76%
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
LCR North West UK
Each year a growing number of our residents are
employed, with significant growth in our employment
rate from 2014 onwards. This fast rate of growth has
closed the gap considerably between the LCR
employment rate and that of the UK.
As of 2018 72% of our Working Age Population were
in employment, compared to 74% in the North West
and the UK rate of 75%.
At the same time, our unemployment rate has fallen
significantly from 6.2% in 2004, to 4.1% in 2018. As of
2018, the unemployment rate was lower than that of
both the North West and the UK. 2%
7%
12%
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
Liverpool City Region North West UK
Unemployment Rate (2004 -2018)
12
. . . but a high proportion of our WAP is inactive. . .
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With 26% of our Working Age Population currently inactive, we have the third highest rate of economic inactivity of
all LEPs in the UK, this is a key driver of our output gap with the UK.
Economic Inactivity Rate (2018)
Source: Annual Population Survey
13
. . . and disconnected from the world of work
Economically Inactive
26%
Economically Active
74%
Working Age Population
100%WAP 968k
Employees 620k
Self
employed
73k
Unemployed 25k
Economic Inactivity by reason
Long-term sick (30%), Student (23%),
Looking after family/home(23%),
Retired (12%), Temporary sick (2%),
Other (10%)
We have 274k residents that are economically
inactive, a high proportion of these (30%) do not
participate in the labour force due to long term
sickness. Long term sickness is highest in St Helens
(37.4%) and lowest in Liverpool (26.9%).
Of our working age population, we have a proportionately
higher number of residents that do not want a job when
compared with the UK. In addition to sickness there are a
number of reasons for this, such as stay at home parents
and people who have retired early – essentially lifestyle
choices.
Liverpool City Region Labour Supply (2018)
Source: Annual Population Survey
Economically
Inactive
274k
14
Inactivity is underpinned by complex health-related challenges
Our economic inactivity rate reflects the range of
complex health and wellbeing challenges residents in
the City Region face:
• One in four people of working age in the LCR have
limiting health conditions;
• Life expectancy is two and a half years lower
than for England;
• The prevalence of ill health is increasing; and
• There is a high prevalence of mental health
disorders1.
Unfavourable health conditions in the LCR contributes to
both the employment and productivity gap.
05
1015202530
Halton KnowsleyLiverpool Sefton St.
Helens
Wirral
England Average
1 Health for Wealth: Building a Healthier Northern Powerhouse for UK Productivity
70
75
80
Halton KnowsleyLiverpool Sefton St.
Helens
Wirral
England Average
Male Life Expectancy at Birth (2018)
Prevalence of Common Mental Health Disorders (2018)
Source: Public Health England
Source: Public Health England
2 – Business Environment
Our Business Base is growing . . .
16
There are 48,000 active businesses in the Liverpool City
Region. Since 2012, our business base has grown
each year and at a faster rate than both the North West
and the UK.
This is driven by a consistently higher business birth
rate, reflective of our entrepreneurial culture.
Number of Active Enterprises in the LCR (2012-2017)
Source: UK Business Demography
Source: UK Business Demography
Business Birth Rate (2012-2017)
37,975 39,690 41,690 43,530 46,045 48,405
-10,000
10,000
30,000
50,000
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
10%
15%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
LCR NW UK
. . . But our business density is too low
17
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Our business density is the lowest of all LEPs and contributes to our performance gaps with the UK. A larger business
base will increase competition, generate more output and employment opportunities and, ultimately, improve performance
of the Liverpool City Region.
Number of Businesses per 10k of WAP
Source: UK Business Counts, Mid Year population estimates
As our business base grows we need more scale-up businesses .
. .
18
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Scale-up businesses are an important source of employment and drive productivity. Relative to our business base, we
have the fifth highest proportion of Scale-up businesses of all LEPs. However, the scale-up population is small, with
just 610 located in the City Region.
Number of Scale-ups per 10k of businesses
Source: The Scale-up Institute and UK Business Counts
0%
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. . . And we need more exporting businesses
19
Businesses that sell beyond local markets tend to be more productive. In LCR, just 14% of the business base is in
export intensive sectors, and just 2.4% of businesses export regularly. Increasing the number of businesses that
sell products and services overseas could improve productivity of the City Region.
% Share of businesses in Export-intensive Industries
Source: UK Business Counts
Across the City Region we have developed, and continue to develop core strengths across a number of sectors that
provide real opportunity for strong levels of growth in terms of both jobs and GVA. Our sector accelerators, are sub-
sectors of the economy that have strong growth potential, unique and nationally significant assets and strong potential
to form innovation-led growth clusters across the City Region.
The sectors we have identified to drive the opportunity in the Liverpool City Region are:
• Automotive manufacturing
• Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals manufacturing
• Life Sciences and Healthcare
• Digital and Creative
• Clean Growth
(Note Clean Growth sector analysis will be added following forthcoming work)
We have transformational growth opportunities
0
100
200
300
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
LCR
UK
One quarter of a million cars are produced in the
Liverpool City Region annually. The sector is diverse,
on the one hand we are home to Briggs Automotive
Company (BAC) producing 20 high performance
supercars each year, and on the other hand is the 300-
acre Jaguar Land Rover site where a car comes off the
production line every 90 seconds.
Across the sector there are approximately 55
businesses, employing more than 7,000 people. Since
2010, the sector has grown considerably faster than
the UK, with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)
of 16%.
There is a high concentration of employment and
output compared to the UK, but a lower concentration
of businesses. This is reflective of the high number of
large, key employers in the sector.
2.35
0.96
2.84
Employment
Number ofBusinesses
GVA
GVA Growth 2010-2017 (Indexed 2010=100)
Degree of specialisation (LQ analysis)
Source: Office for National Statistics
Source: Office for National Statistics, BRES, UK Business Counts
Automotive Manufacturing
Liverpool City Region is home to some of the world’s
biggest pharmaceutical players. In 2017, the sector
contributed in excess of £1.5bn of GVA. There are over
130 businesses operating in the sector, employing more
than 7.5k employees.
Nationally, the sector has contracted, with a £4.5bn
decline in output since 2010, against this backdrop, the
sector has shown resilience in the Liverpool City Region.
There is a considerably high concentration of
employment, businesses and output compared to
the UK, demonstrating the LCR’s sector specialism and
expertise.
2.73
2.00
3.22
Employment
Number ofBusinesses
GVA
LC…
40
60
80
100
120
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
LCR
UK
GVA Growth 2010-2017 (Indexed 2010=100)
Source: Office for National Statistics
Degree of specialisation (LQ analysis)
Source: Office for National Statistics, BRES, UK Business Counts
Chemicals and Pharma Manufacturing
Our Universities produce world leading research
related to the Life Sciences and Healthcare sector.
In 2017, the sector contributed more than £3bn of GVA
and provided c. 95,000 jobs, across a business base of
more than 2,000. Since 2010, the sector has grown,
albeit at a slighter slower rate than that seen nationally.
Our specialism in the sector is demonstrated through a
higher concentration of employment, businesses and
output than what is seen nationally.
80
90
100
110
120
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
L
C…
1.53
1.19
1.52
Employment
Number of BusinessesGVA
LC…
GVA Growth 2010-2017 (Indexed 2010=100)
Source: Office for National Statistics
Degree of specialisation (LQ analysis)
Source: Office for National Statistics, BRES, UK Business Counts
Life Sciences and Healthcare
The Digital and Creative Sector in LCR is growing, with
a constant stream of new businesses starting,
locating and growing in the City Region. We also
have a strong, and growing advanced computing sector,
underpinned by nationally significant assets such as
the most powerful supercomputer in the UK.
The sector is growing significantly, and faster than the
national rate. Output from the sector surpassed £1bn in
GVA in 2017, and the sector has grown at a CAGR of 7%
since 2010.
There are around 2,500 businesses in the sector,
providing close to 13,000 jobs.
While there is less evidence of industrial concentrations,
the sector continues to grow with emerging specialisms.
0.57
0.67
0.94
Employment
Number ofBusinesses
GVA
LC…
GVA Growth 2010-2017 (Indexed 2010=100)
Source: Office for National Statistics
Degree of specialisation (LQ analysis)
Source: Office for National Statistics, BRES, UK Business Counts
80
130
180
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
LCR UK
Digital, Creative and Technology
3 – Ideas
Our business base engages in innovation. . .
26
Percentage of businesses engaging in innovation activities
Source: BEIS, UK Innovation Survey
Innovation activity engaged in (%)
0 20 40 60
Innovation Active
Collaboration
LCR
UK
0 10 20 30 40 50
Process
Product and service
New to market
Strategic & marketing
LCR
UK
Source: BEIS, UK Innovation Survey
With 57.2% of businesses innovation active, we have a
higher proportion of businesses engaged in
innovation than the UK average.
A high proportion of businesses engage in
collaborative innovation (this includes collaboration
with other businesses, research institutes, HEIs and
government).
The most common innovation activity is that related to
new/improved strategic business practices and changes
to marketing concepts or strategies.
. . . And businesses secure a considerable amount of innovation
funding . . .
27
52%
12%
36% Private
SectorNHS
Since 2003, organisations in the Liverpool City Region
have secured 655 Innovate UK grants, totalling over
£73m.
Of the 655 grants, almost three quarters (73%) have
gone to private sector businesses. By value the share
falls to 52% showing that typically, private sector
businesses receive lower value grants than
Universities or the NHS.
73%
1%
26%Private Sector
NHS
University
Company Sector Value of Grants Number of Grants
Aimes Digital £3.2m 23
Unilever FMCG £1.9m 10
Videregen Life Sciences £1.5m 2
Ulemco Clean Growth £1.4m 5
Acal Energy Chemicals £1.3m 12
Top companies by value of Innovate UK funding received (2003-2018)
Breakdown of Innovate UK funding by number of grants
Source: Innovate UK
Breakdown of Innovate UK funding by value of grants
Source: Innovate UK Source: Innovate UK
. . . but we are in the bottom half of all LEPs for the amount of
funding attracted
28
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Sw
ind
on
an
d W
ilts
hir
e
Ne
w A
ng
lia
Lan
cash
ire
Yo
rk,
No
rth
Yo
rksh
ire
…
Gre
ate
r Li
nco
lnsh
ire
Bla
ck C
ou
ntr
y
Do
rse
t
Sto
ke
-on
-Tre
nt
an
d…
Wo
rce
ste
rsh
ire
Th
e M
arc
he
s
Bu
ckin
gh
am
shir
e…
Cu
mb
ria
Co
rnw
all
an
d I
sle
s o
f…
Hu
mb
er
No
rth
am
pto
nsh
ire
Mil
lio
ns
Innovate UK funding by Local Enterprise Partnership
Source: Innovate UK
We have a strong research base. . .
29
University Number of Students
Liverpool Hope University 8,000
Liverpool John Moores University 22,000
The Liverpool Institute of Performing Arts 690
The University of Liverpool 25,000
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 120
University Areas or Research Excellence
Liverpool Hope University Mathematics and Computer Science
Liverpool John Moores University Sport and exercise science
The University of Liverpool Chemistry , computer science and
informatics
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Clinical medicine, public health
Universities have a significant role to play in nurturing
the knowledge economy and high quality research
makes a major contribution to economic prosperity.
Universities in the Liverpool City Region are home
to Research Excellence and achieved noteworthy
results in the last Research Excellence Framework
review in 2014.
The University of Liverpool had seven subjects in which
research was ranked in the top ten in the UK, and
ranked first in the UK for research in Chemistry.
Areas of research excellence
Universities in the City Region and Student Population
Source: Research Excellence Framework, 2014
. . . And our Universities have a relatively high R&D expenditure
30
Universities in the Liverpool City Region have the highest relative expenditure on R&D of all North West LEPs.
£-
£100
£200
£300
£400
£500
£600
£700
£800
£900
Bu
ckin
gh
am
shir
e T
ha
me
s…
Oxf
ord
shir
e
Ne
w A
ng
lia
Th
am
es
Va
lle
y B
erk
shir
e
Bla
ck C
ou
ntr
y
Glo
uce
ste
rsh
ire
Lon
do
n
Gre
ate
r C
am
bri
dg
e a
nd
…
Live
rpo
ol
Cit
y R
eg
ion
Gre
ate
r M
an
che
ste
r
So
uth
Ea
st M
idla
nd
s
Sh
eff
ield
Cit
y R
eg
ion
Lee
ds
Cit
y R
eg
ion
Te
es
Va
lle
y
No
rth
Ea
st
So
len
t
He
art
of
the
So
uth
We
st
Leic
est
er
an
d L
eic
est
ers
hir
e
We
st o
f E
ng
lan
d
En
terp
rise
M3
De
rby,
De
rbysh
ire
,…
Sw
ind
on
an
d W
ilts
hir
e
Gre
ate
r B
irm
ing
ha
m a
nd
…
Co
ve
ntr
y a
nd
Wa
rwic
ksh
ire
He
rtfo
rdsh
ire
Lan
cash
ire
Yo
rk,
No
rth
Yo
rksh
ire
an
d…
Co
ast
to
Ca
pit
al
Sto
ke
-On
-Tre
nt
an
d…
So
uth
Ea
st
Gre
ate
r Li
nco
lnsh
ire
Th
e M
arc
he
s
Hu
mb
er
Do
rse
t
Co
rnw
all
an
d I
sle
s o
f S
cill
y
Wo
rce
ste
rsh
ire
Ch
esh
ire
an
d W
arr
ing
ton
Cu
mb
ria
Higher Education expenditure on R&D per FTE
Source: Eurostat, 2014
. . . But business R&D expenditure is low
31
Business expenditure on R&D per FTE
Source: Eurostat, 2014
£-
£500
£1,000
£1,500
£2,000
£2,500
Although business expenditure is higher than that of our HEIs, compared to other LEPs, business expenditure on R&D in
the Liverpool City Region is low.
Evidence on collaboration between Universities and the business base
is mixed
32
UniversityTotal Number of
Contracts
Total Value of
Contracts
Rank (out of
162)
Liverpool Hope University 25 372 106
LJMU 122 2,038 57
The University of Liverpool 469 15,296 19
Relationships between universities and businesses are
important to unlock innovation and growth, and to
develop and graduate talent.
There is some evidence of collaboration between
Universities and businesses, but these tend to be
focussed on larger organisations, with limited long-term
relationships fostered between universities and SMEs.
£-
£10,000
£20,000
£30,000
£40,000
£50,000
£60,000
Income for consultancy and contract research for businesses (2014-
2016)
Source: HEBCI
Business and Community Services by HE provider
Source: HESA
4 – Infrastructure
Our local rail infrastructure provides uneven connectivity . . .
34
The Merseyrail network is the “jewel in the crown” of the
city’s rail assets and patronage has grown rapidly since
the franchise was devolved in 2004.
At a local level, Liverpool City Region and its wider
functional geography is well connected, especially at
the core. However, for some areas, especially those of a
more rural nature, rail connectivity is weaker.
Internal connectivity of Liverpool City Region and its hinterland by rail
Source: Merseytravel Long Term Rail Strategy
. . . And Liverpool is poorly connected to other locations around
Britain
35
Connectivity of key GB towns and cities
Source: Merseytravel Long Term Rail Strategy
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Lon
do
n
Bir
min
gh
am
Ma
nch
est
er
Bri
sto
l
Sh
eff
ield
De
rby
Lee
ds
Ne
wca
stle
Re
ad
ing
So
uth
am
pto
n
Ed
inb
urg
h
Gla
sgo
w
Ply
mo
uth
Ca
rdif
f
Pe
terb
oro
ug
h
No
ttin
gh
am
Ab
erd
ee
n C
ity
Bo
urn
em
ou
th
Sto
ke
-on
-Tre
nt
Milto
n K
eyn
es
Live
rpo
ol
Bri
gh
ton
Leic
est
er
Be
dfo
rd
Sw
an
sea
Sw
ind
on
Po
rtsm
ou
th
Hu
ll
No
rth
am
pto
n
Co
lch
est
er
Liverpool’s wider connectivity (based on whether or not a direct service links the locations) is poor, especially for a city of
its size. Of the 20 cities with better connectivity, only seven have a larger population than Liverpool.
We are connected internationally by John Lennon
airport and our close proximity to Manchester airport.
LJLA is a growing international airport and has
grown considerably over the last decade. It now
handles over 5 million passengers annually. However,
connectivity to the airport is weak, unlike many other
major global airports, it has no dedicated rail line.
Our Westward facing port is another international
gateway as well as being a significant asset to the LCR
economy. The port handles over 33 million tonnes
of freight cargo per year and serves more than 100
global destinations including China, Africa, Australia,
India, the Middle East and South America.
0
2
4
6
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Milli
on
s
Liverpool John Lennon Airport Passenger Numbers (2014-18)
Port Tonnage (2014-18)
30
31
32
33
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mil
lio
ns
We have key international gateways
We are a digitally connected City Region
37
Liverpool is one of the best digitally connected
cities in the UK. We have built our own Internet
Exchange, ensuring world-class speeds. We connect to
London directly (LINX) and to the GTT transatlantic
internet cable linking the city to North America and
Europe.
Liverpool is also a 5G testbed area creating a
platform for the smooth roll out of 5G mobile
internet connectivity over the next few years creating
multi-gigabyte connectivity across the region.
All districts in the City Region have access to
superfast broadband, and digital connectivity is
higher than national averages across all LAs.
However, digital inclusion is an identified challenge
with a higher than average proportion of the population
that rarely, or have never used the internet.
Superfast Ultrafast
Halton 98.85% 73.72%
Knowsley 99.12% 79.69%
Liverpool 97.46% 80.95%
Sefton 99.39% 62.42%
St Helens 98.57% 87.46%
Wirral 98.75% 58.69%
UK 94.95% 54.01%
0%
5%
10%
15%
LCR North
West
UK
Digital Connectivity by Local Authority
Source: SQW analysis of https://labs.thinkbroadband.com/local/England
Proportion of the population that have rarely/never used the internet
Source: SQW analysis of https://labs.thinkbroadband.com/local/England
5 – Place
Liverpool City Region has a rich asset base. It is home
to more museums, theatres, galleries and heritage
buildings than any other place outside of London. Adding
to this are the natural assets across the City Region, we
have miles of coastline and beaches and over 100
parks. Around 80% of the City Region is blue/green
space.
There are some place-based challenges in the City
Region, including higher than average crime rates,
significant pockets of deprivation, and low wages.
Blue and Green Infrastructure in the City Region
There are significant place-based assets across the City Region
Indicator LCR England
Workplace Earnings £538 £575
Resident Earnings £534 £575
% of LSOAs in UK most deprived 31% -
Crime per 1k Population 90 86.5
Affordability Ratio 5.86* 8.0
* North West data, LCR Data not available
40
Neighbourhoods are characterised by significant levels of
multiple deprivation
Liverpool City Region has a significant number of
neighbourhoods characterised by deprivation.
Almost one third of all LSOAs in the City Region are in
the most deprived decile in the UK.
These neighbourhoods are located across the City
Region but there is a particular concentration in a
corridor running North from East Wirral, through North
Liverpool/South Sefton to North Knowsley.
The scale of deprivation, and the impact this has on
economic growth and productivity, underlines the
need to regenerate these neighbourhoods.
Our growing Social Economy will also be important
in improving the opportunities for residents in our most
deprived communities.
Deprivation levels across the Liverpool City Region
Source: Index of Multiple Deprivation
41
. . . That also suffer from low air quality
There is a striking correlation between areas with poor air quality and high levels of deprivation
Deprivation levels across the Liverpool City RegionDeaths from respiratory diseases
42
The City Region needs to have the right housing choice. . .
Since 2016, over 11,000 new homes across all tenures
have been delivered across the city region – the
highest rate of delivery since the 2008 recession.
However our current housing choice is
characterised by a higher than average proportion
of lower value houses (Council Tax Bands A and B)
than that found nationally, 68% of our housing stock is
in Council Tax Band A or B, compared to 44% of
housing stock in England.
This limited housing choice offer has implications
for quality of life and attracting/retaining skilled
labour to the City Region.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
A B C D E F G H
% o
f p
rop
oe
rtie
s
Council Tax Band
LCR England
Housing Stock by Council Tax Band
Source: Council Tax Band Stock of Properties
. . . And higher quality office space
Office availability Office demand
Built last five
years
All (sq ft.) Average
annual take
up (last 5 yrs.)
Years supply
Halton - 36,500 122,500 3
Knowsley - 87,000 45,600 1.9
Liverpool 10,900 2,315,900 304,400 7.6
Sefton - 446,500 88,000 5.1
St Helens - 202,600 54,900 3.7
Wirral 700 249,000 65,700 3.8
Total 11,600 3,666,100 681,000 5.4
Liverpool City Region has high availability of office
pace, especially in the Liverpool and Sefton. However,
the majority of this space is old, and not meeting the
expectations of businesses. Only Liverpool and Wirral
have had new office space delivered over the last five
years.
The oversupply of low quality office space is supressing
rent yields, and subduing private sector activity in
developing higher quality space.
High quality business space that is fit for purpose is
one important driver of attracting new businesses into
the City Region, and addressing the low business
density challenge.
Office availability and demand (2016)
Source: Cushman & Wakefield
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