Little Hercules Image courtesy of NOAA Okeanos Explorer Program, INDEX-SATAL 2010.

Little Hercules

Image courtesy of NOAA Okeanos Explorer Program, INDEX-SATAL 2010

Average depth of the ocean:

a)6 milesb)0.5 milesc)2.65 milesd)15 miles

Mandy-Rae Cruickshank is a world-record free-diver

The average depth of the ocean is about 4,267

m (14,000 feet, approx 2.65 miles).

MARSH

Town Hall

a) Mariana Trenchb) Cayman Trenchc) Peru-Chile

Trench d) Tonga Trench

What is the deepest part of the ocean?

Challenger Deep is approximately 11,030 meters (36,200 feet) deep.

Pacific Ocean

Mariana Trench vs. Mt. Everest

Image from: www.whoi.edu

www.kidscoolzone.com

6.86 miles deep 5.50 miles above sea level

<180m (~600 ft)

Sigsbee Deep~3,600m(~11,800 ft)

Florida Plain

2,500 m

(~8,300 ft)

Dauphin Island

The average temperature of the deep ocean is:

a) 15 Fb) 36 Fc) 57 Fd) 72F

Water temperature in the deepest parts of the ocean averages about 36°F (2°C).

Temperature in the ocean

remains relatively constant until the shallows of the

twilight zone

Sea levelSunlit Zone

(Epiplelagic)

660 ft (200 m)

Twilight Zone

(Mesopelagic)

3,300 ft (1,000m)

Dark Zone(Bathypelagic)

9,800 ft (4,000 m)

Hadal Zone(Hadopelagic)

19,700 ft (6,000 m)

Abyssal Zone(Abyssopelagic)

16,400 ft (5,000 m)

Up to 36,100 feet (11,000 m) in some

trenches

Sea level

Koko Crater, Oahu

1 atmosphere of pressure: the pressure inside your lungs is the same as the pressure around you.

In the ocean, pressure works the same way.

2,500 meters = 250 atmospheres of pressure

That’s about what your big toe would feel like if an elephant were

standing on it! Water is heavier than air!

http://avaxhome.ws/video/Extraordinary_People.html

Tanya Streeter – The Woman Who Dives the Deepest

World Record Holder – 160m on a single

breath!!!(6+ minutes!)

That equals approx 1 ½ football fields!!!!!

1935, Credit: OAR/National Undersea Research Program (NURP)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dykeri,_fig_6,_Nordisk_familjebok.png

S.C.U.B.A.

– Self Contained Underwater Breathing

Apparatus

The 22 year old Mexican reached this depth on April 20, 2010

Ascent =135 min

DEEPEST Guinness VERIFIED

SCUBA DIVE = 318.25m

324 m

Nuno Gomes

Descent = 9 min

Why do these boats not sink?Because they are “positively buoyant.”

Neutrally buoyant

Negatively buoyant

How are these fish “neutrally buoyant”?

SWIM BLADDE

R

OILY LIVER

The Alvin underwater. Image courtesy of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutions (WHOI)

The vessel weighs 17 tons. It allows for two scientists and one pilot to dive for up to nine hours at 4500 meters (15,000 ft).

Submersible

The Titanic Hydrothermal Vent - Black smoker

Alvin in History

Hydrogen bomb

http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/27641853#27641853

Ann Curry and the Alvin

ROV Hercules

tether

John Riley, ROV Pilot

MILITARY – retrieve

missiles, search for mines

Oil & Gas industry – offshore development

BP Oil Spill 2010

Marine Science – seafloor mapping, study ocean habitats

“Bumpy”

Communication cables, energy source & Info transfer

Small Electric Vehicle

•Single camera, dive no deeper than 300 m (984 ft)•Used by Science & Military

High Capability Electric Vehicle

•Dive to depths of 6,096 m (20,000 ft)•have cameras, but can’t perform detailed tasks•Used by Science & Military

Work Class Vehicle

•Powered electronically & hydraulically•7 function manipulator•5 function grabber•Drilling and construction/pipeline

Person!

Heavy Work Class Vehicle

•Dives 3000 m (10,000 ft)•multiple manipulators & grabbers

Programmed missionsBattery power

Less cost, deeper dives, longer missions

(No real-time video available)

There are International competitions for the best

design.

Not yet available in consumer market.

http://www.divediscover.whoi.edu/robotics/vehicles.html

***This is in your Resource folder on the flash drive.

Sea level

Sunlit Zone(Epiplelagic)

660 ft (200 m)

Twilight Zone(Mesopelagic)

3,300 ft (1,000m)

Dark Zone(Bathypelagic)

9,800 ft (4,000 m)

Hadal Zone(Hadopelagic)

19,700 ft (6,000 m)

Abyssal Zone(Abyssopelagic)

16,400 ft (5,000 m)

Up to 36,100 feet (11,000 m) in some

trenches

2500 m (feed b/t 500-1000m)

14,8000 ft (4500m)

6,561 ft (2000m)

19,685ft (6,000m)

8,000ft (2,438m)

3280 ft (1000m)3300 ft (1,005m)

525ft (160m)

1,043ft (318m)

35,797ft (10,911m)

How deep can you go?

http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/environment/habitats-environment/habitats-

oceans-env/cameron-how-deep/?source=news_cameron_mariana_story

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0mKotQs93Dc

Fish that live exclusively below 6,000 m

Fish from the ocean trenches like this rat-tail (left) look less strange than those that live in the mid-waters, such as this fangtooth (right)

Sea levelSunlit Zone

(Epiplelagic)

660 ft (200 m)

Twilight Zone

(Mesopelagic)

3,300 ft (1,000m)

Dark Zone(Bathypelagic)

9,800 ft (4,000 m)

Hadal Zone(Hadopelagic)

19,700 ft (6,000 m)

Abyssal Zone(Abyssopelagic)

16,400 ft (5,000 m)

Up to 36,100 feet (11,000 m) in some

trenches

http://www.seasky.org/deep-sea/ocean-layers.html

http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/home/F_Oceans_K-4.html

http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/outdoor-activities/water-sports/first-scuba-diver.htm

http://www.amnh.org/education/resources/rfl/web/dsv/pressures.html

Cold water is more dense than warm water

Salty water is more dense than fresh water

DENSITY = Temperature, Salinity and Pressure

HMS Challenger

A submarine is a watercraft capable of independent operation below the surface of the water.

a submersible has more limited underwater capability

Submersibles typically have shorter range, and operate underwater almost exclusively, having little function at the surface. Many submersibles operate on a "tether" or "umbilical", remaining connected to a tender (a submarine, surface vessel or platform).