LIS 653, Session 10: Controlled Vocabulary
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Controlled Vocabulary & Knowledge Org. Systems
LIS 653
Starr Hoffman
How it All Fits Together
Record(representat
ion of bibliographi
c information)
Code (rules:
AACR2, RDA)
Encoding (MARC, XML)
Authority control
(standardized author name:
J. R. R. Tolkien)
Structure (ISBD,
XML)
Subject headings (LCSH, Sears,
AAT)
Classification
(shelving: LC, Dewey)
Model (FRBR, trad.
model)
Record is displayed in an OPAC, online database, etc.
Format(MARC,
Dublin Core)
Core Concepts of Controlled Vocabularies
Organized list of terms Words and/or phrases
Used to label content Used to find content Terms may be:
Hierarchically structured Relational Something in-between (BT, NT, RT)
CVs attempt to resolve problems…
User language doesn’t match language of the document they’re seeking
User wants to find all resources on a given topic
User wants to find out what language a system/organization uses to describe a given concept
Approaches…
Pre-coordinate: subdivided terms create compounded, complex concepts (LCSH)
Post-coordinate: single concepts, basic terms (that can be combined later during the search process)
Able to assign multiple subject terms regardless of the above method used
Hierarchical vs. more complex/subtle relationships
Finite, limited (thesaurus) vs. evolving, broad (LCSH)
Controlled vs. uncontrolled (tags, concept maps)
Types of Controlled Vocabularies
Thesaurus: specific subject domain (Getty’s AAT)
Subject heading list: library context, describe “aboutness” of items in catalog records (LCSH, Sears)
Classification scheme: library or other context (taxonomy), descriptor to group like items together (LCC, DDC)
Authority file: list of names of individuals or geographic places (LC Authority Files)
Keyword list, Tag cloud: often user-defined/community-defined, used to group similar content in social media or other websites
Website categories (aka taxonomy): tree-like hierarchical structure, similar to classification (w/o notation / call #)
Concept Map (aka ontology): visual representation of relationship between concepts, relays meaning (semantics)
Arrangement of CVs/KOSsCV type Structure Pre- or post-
coordinateAbout
Thesaurus Alphabetical & Systematic (2 parts)
Post-coordinate Narrow scope: one subject domain; cross-references, related terms, synonyms, etc.
Subject heading list
Alphabetical &/or Systematic
Both pre-coordinate & post-coordinate
Broad general focus; cross-references, related terms, synonyms, etc.
Classification scheme
Systematic Pre-coordinate Often hierarchical, expressed in notation (code) rather than in words
Authority file Alphabetical Post-coordinate Lists of names: geographies, individuals
Keyword list, Tag cloud
Alphabetical (& tag cloud as size-systematic)
Usually post-coordinate, may be either
User-created; usually does not identify synonyms, hierarchy, relationships between terms
Website categories (taxonomy)
Alphabetical & Systematic
Hierarchical (tree structure)
Concept map (ontology)
Visual arrangement of relationships between concepts (Systematic)
(no preferred terms, so does not apply)
Graphic representation of concepts in a subject domain; often complex relationships (not just hierarchical)
Some Issues When Constructing CVs…
Word form (plural vs. singular) Cat vs. Cats
Sequence & form for phrases Energy conservation vs…. Conservation of energy resources
Homographs & homophones Mercury: planet, metal, Roman god, car Fowl vs. foul
Qualifiers Mercury (planet) Mercury (Roman deity)
Some Issues When Constructing CVs…
Abbreviations, acronyms AIDS vs. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Popular vs. technical terms Cancer vs. Neoplasms
Precoordinate (subdivision) vs. Postcoordinate
Merchant marine—officers Versus... Merchant marine Officers
Thesaurus Abbreviations TT: top term
broadest term in hierarchy BT: broader term NT: narrower term RT: related term USE: use X
points to a preferred term (X) UF: “use for”
the preferred term SN: scope note
describes meaning of the term meaning
Keywords Often chosen by authors of works
(uncontrolled, miss synonyms or related concepts)
Info retrieval system may use combination of keywords & assessing document’s full text (databases)
Usually not connected to synonyms or hierarchy of terms
Tag Clouds, Folksonomies
Tag Cloud Issues…
science fictionScienceFiction
scifisci-fi SF
Hard SF
time travel
books I read in high school
Dystopian futures with strong female leads
YA distopia
cyborgs
YA dystopia
robots
androids
AI
Artificial intelligence
Scifi-lite
stuff
Website Categories
Concept Map
Concept Map
Literati database…http://clio.columbia.edu/catalog/9356779
More Examples
Linked lists of controlled vocabularies:http://geekyartistlibrarian.pbworks.com/w/page/88627766/PrattLIS653_ControlledVocabularies
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