Life Cycle Assessment of Integrated Gasification …ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/6_Sol_Looping/5_Milano...Life Cycle Assessment of Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle plants with

Life Cycle Assessment of

Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle plants

with pre-combustion CO2 capture by

chemical & calcium looping

Letitia Petrescu

Christoph Müller

Calin-Cristian Cormos

Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Cluj -Napoca, Romania

Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland

Agenda

Aim of the study

Coal-based IGCC plants

Pre-combustion CCS based on CaL & CL

Case studies

Environmental assessment using LCA

Conclusions

Milano, 1-2 September 2015

Material extraction

Manufacturing

Production

TransportationUtilization

Disposal

Recycling To evaluate and compare the life cycle impacts of IGCC plants coupled to advanced CCS technologies based on CaL & CL.

Aim of the study

Case studies

Conclusions

Pre-combustion CCS

based on CaL & CL

Coal:- abundant fossil fuel sources- 23% of the total world primary energy demand- technologies that utilized coal will have to reduce their environmental impact

- CCS can be defined as the separation and capture of CO2 produced at stationary sources, followed by transport and storage in geological reservoirs or in the ocean in order to prevent its emission to the atmosphere- decreasing the CO2 emissions while continuing the use of fossil fuels

- one of the most promising energy conversion methods

- combines two leading technologies: coal gasification & combined cycle

- clean and efficient coal power, and the low cost path to combat CO2

Agenda

Aim of the study

Case studies

Conclusions

Pre-combustion:

- refers to removing CO2 from fossil fuels before combustion is completed

CaL & CL concepts:

- involves oxidation of a fuel via cyclic reduction and oxidation of a solid oxygen carrier (typically a metal oxide) avoiding the direct contact between fuel and air

Technologies:

- calcium-based sorbent and

- iron-based oxygen carrier (for chemical looping)

The usage of inexpensive materials and further potential applications of the spent sorbent in the cement and steel industries are the main resons for investigating these two technologies.

Agenda

Aim of the study

Case studies

Conclusions

IGCC power plant without CCS

IGCC power plant with calcium looping cycle for pre-combustion CCS

IGCC power plant with iron-based chemical looping cycle for pre-combustion CCS

Case studies

IGCC power plant without CCS

Case studies

IGCC power plant with calcium looping cycle for pre-combustion CCS

Case studies

IGCC power plant with iron-based chemical looping cycle

for pre-combustion CCS

Methodology for technical

environmental assessment

Technical

Assessment

Process

Simulation

Environmental

Assessment

ChemCAD

ASPEN PLUS

Matlab

GaBiKPI

Agenda

Aim of the study

Case studies

Conclusions

Environmental assessment

Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)

LCA is a method that quantifies the environmental impacts associated with a

process/product or service.

LCA applied to CCS technologies can provide a better understanding of the full

environmental benefits and trade-offs of implementing CCS.

CCS is good for the environment?

How does the reduction in climate change

affects other environmental impact

indicators?

• Extraction, processing

and transport of coal,

limestone and ilmenite

• Coal mine construction

• Power production

from coal coupled to

CO2 capture

technologies based

on CaL & CL;

• Plant Construction

process

Upstream

processes

Downstream

processes

KPI for

upstream

processes

KPI for

main process

• CO2 transport and

storage

• CO2 pipeline

construction

• Plant decommisioning

KPI for

downstream

process

LCA Phases

The primary goal:

to quantify and analyse the total environmental aspects of power production from IGCC with/without CCS

The functions of the systems:

considered in the present study are the production of:

493.13 MWe for Case1

607.82 MWe for Case 2

443.07 MWe for Case 3

The functional unit:

proposed to be used is one MWe of net power produced

LCA Phases

Coal supply chain Cases 1-3

Limestone supply chain for Case 2

Ilmenite supply chain for Case 3

IGCC power plant with calcium looping cycle for pre-combustion CCS Case 2

CO2 transport and storage Cases 2-3

Coal mine construction

Adapted from Spath P.L., Mann M.K., Kerr D.R., 1999.

Life Cycle Assessment of Coal-fired Power Production.

NREL/TP-570-25119.

IGCC plant construction Case 1-3

Adapted from

Life Cycle Assessment of Integrated Gasification Combined

Cycle (IGCC) Power Plant, 2012

DOE/NETL-2012/1551

LCA Phases

The CML 2001 method assessment implemented in GaBi software (version 6) was used for the present LCA.

GaBi Schema for Case 2

The environmental indicators considered in CML 2001 method are: • Global Warming Potential (GWP)• Acidification Potential (AP)• Eutrophication Potential (EP)• Ozone Depeltion Potential (ODP)• Abiotic Depletion Potential (ADP) • Freshwater Aquatic Eco toxicity Potential (FAETP)• Human Toxicity Potential (HTP)• Photochemical Oxidation Potential (PCOP)• Terrestrial Ecotoxicity Potential (TEP)• Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity (MAE).

LCA Phases

KPI Units Case1 Case2 Case3

GWP kg CO2-Equiv./MW 1355.51 720.9 714.45

AP kg SO2-Equiv./MW 1.12 2.18 3.21

EP kg Phosphate-Equiv./MW 1891.39 1462.46 1612.08

ODP kg R11-Equiv./MW 1.07*10-7 1.19*10-7 1.35*10-7

ADP elements kg Sb-Equiv./MW 1.47*10-4 1.43*10-4 2*10-4

ADP fossil MJ/MW 1.15*104 1.47*104 1.28*104

FAETP kg DCB-Equiv./MW 3.60 3.58 3.76

HTP kg DCB-Equiv./MW 13.68 19.19 25.87

PCOP kg Ethene-Equiv./MW 0.14 0.14 0.23

TEP kg DCB-Equiv./MW 1.29 1.25 2.49

MAETP kg DCB-Equiv./MW 9.66*104 1.17*105 1.44*105

LCA results (Case 1-3) according to CML 2001

720.9 kg CO2-

Equiv./MW

79.6% power plant

operation

10.93% coal mine

operation

10.04% CO2

transport and storage

1462.46 kg

Phosphate-

Equiv./MW

99.99% power

plant operation

0.01% CO2

transport and

storage& limestone

extraction1.47*104 MJ/MW

95.2% power plant

operation

4.8% CO2 transport

and storage& coal

mine operation

Technical KPI results

MAIN PLANT DATA UNITS Case 1 Case 2 Case 3

Coal flow rate t/h 155.30 236.82 162.33Coal LHV (as received) MJ/kg 25.35

Feedstock thermal energy MWth 1093.70 1667.80 1143.21

Syngas thermal energy MWth 877.01 934.47 912.42

Thermal energy of gas exit AGR MWth 872.47 929.78 912.09

Gas turbine output MWe 334.00 334.00 334.00Steam turbine output MWe 235.89 429.11 201.33

Expander power output MWe 0.72 1.43 0.29

Gross electric power output MWe 570.61 764.54 535.62

ASU consumption + O2 compression MWe 41.96 70.02 43.84

Gasification island power consumption MWe 7.91 9.69 8.55

CO2 capture, drying & compression MWe 6.49 56.5 16.88

Power island power Consumption MWe 21.11 20.52 23.28

Total ancillary power consumption MWe 77.47 156.72 92.55

Net electric power output MWe 493.13 607.82 443.07Gross electrical efficiency (D/A * 100) % 52.17 45.84 46.85

Net electrical efficiency (F/A * 100) % 45.09 36.44 38.76

Carbon capture rate % 0.00 91.56 99.45

CO2 specific emissions kg/MWe 766.74 58.87 3.01

Agenda

Aim of the study

Case studies

Conclusions

Three IGCC power plants with/without CCS have been investigated.

A “cradle-to-grave” approach was used for the three cases studied.

Eleven environmental impact categories (according to CML 2001)

were defined, calculated and compared.

The best scenario was chosen based on the technical and

environmental results.

Conclusions

Letiția PETRESCUletitiapetrescu@chem.ubbcluj.ro

Christoph MÜLLERristoph Müller

muelchri@ethz.ch

Calin-Cristian CORMOScormos@chem.ubbcluj.ro

"Advanced thermo-chemical looping cycles for the poly-generation of

decarbonised energy vectors: material synthesis and characterization,

process modeling and life cycle analysis".

Life Cycle Assessment of Integrated Gasification …ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/6_Sol_Looping/5_Milano...Life Cycle Assessment of Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle plants with

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