LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS. TAIWAN PART 2: TYPHOONS, FLOODS, AND LANDSLIDES Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS.
TAIWAN PART 2: TYPHOONS,
FLOODS, AND LANDSLIDES
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
Virginia, USA
NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE TAIWAN’S NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE TAIWAN’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK COMMUNITIES AT RISK
NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE TAIWAN’S NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE TAIWAN’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK COMMUNITIES AT RISK
EARTHQUAKES
TYPHOONS
FLOODS
LANDSLIDES
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE
ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE
GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
TYPHOONS
TAIWAN IS AT RISK EVERY YEAR FROM TROPICAL STORMS AND TYPHOONS FORMING IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN, ESPECIALLY IF THEY CAUSE DEVASTATING FLOODS AND LANDSLIDES AFTER LANDFALL
WIND PENETRATING BUILDING ENVELOPE
TYPHOONSTYPHOONS
UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM
FLYING DEBRIS
STORM SURGE
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN
SITING PROBLEMS
FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
TAIWAN’STAIWAN’S
COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES
TAIWAN’STAIWAN’S
COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIESDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•TYPHOON HAZARDS•BLDG. INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
TYPHOON RISK TYPHOON RISK
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
GOAL: TYPHOON GOAL: TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCEDISASTER RESILIENCE
• PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•EARLY WARNING•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION
POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS
SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES
LANDSLIDESLANDSLIDES
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS
SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS
PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE SHAKING
GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
Physics Of A Typhoon
HAZARDS OF A SEVERE WINDSTORM (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
• WIND FIELD [CAT 1 (55 mph) TO CAT 5+ (155 mph or greater)]
• DEBRIS
• STORM SURGE
• HEAVY PRECIPITATION
• LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS)
• COSTAL EROSION
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL TYPHOONS • WITHOUT
ADEQUATE PROTECTION, HIGH VELOCITY WIND WILL LIFT THE ROOF OFF OF NON-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS.
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL TYPHOONS.
• DISASTER-INTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES USE TIMELY EARLY WARNING BASED ON CRITICAL INFORM-ATION TO EVACUATE PEOPLE AND PREPARE.
TYPHOON MORACOT
Morakot was the most devastating storm of the
deadly 2009 Pacific typhoon season and was also the
deadliest typhoon to impact Taiwan in recorded history
MORACOT’S FLOODING
LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN
FLOODSFLOODS
INUNDATION
INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER
WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS)
EROSION AND MUDFLOWS
CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER
CAUSES OF RISK
CAUSES OF RISK
CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
MORACOT’S IMPACTS
• Morakot dumped a total of 2.5 meters (100 inches) of rain on the island.
TYPHOON MORACOT: FLOODING CHIATUNG CO.
TYPHOON MORACOT: SUBMERGED HOUSE
TYPHOON MORACOT: COLLAPSE OF HOTEL
TYPHOON MORACOT: RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGED
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL TYPHOONS• CAPACITY FOR
INTELLIGENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
TYPHOON MORACOT: RESCUE WORKERS
TYPHOON MORACOT: EVACUATION BY MILITARY
TYPHOON MORACOT: EVACUATION OF ELDERLY
OTHER NOTABLE TYPHOONS IMPACTING
TAIWAN
NATURAL DISASTERS: 2003 NATURAL DISASTERS: 2003
• TYPHOON DUJUAN TIAWAN
• 1-3 SEPTEMBER
• THOUSANDS OF BUILDINGS AND HOMES INUNDATED
• AGRICULTURAL CROPS LOST
• $320 M LOSS• $-- 0 INSURED LOSS• 42 DEATHS
• THOUSANDS OF BUILDINGS AND HOMES INUNDATED
• AGRICULTURAL CROPS LOST
• $320 M LOSS• $-- 0 INSURED LOSS• 42 DEATHS
NATURAL DISASTERS: 2001
NATURAL DISASTERS: 2001
TYPHOON NARI (TIAWAN)
• $800 MILLION ECONOMIC LOSS
• PARTIAL INDEMNIFI-CATION BY INSURANCE
• 93 DEATHS
• $800 MILLION ECONOMIC LOSS
• PARTIAL INDEMNIFI-CATION BY INSURANCE
• 93 DEATHS
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL NATURAL HAZARDS
• CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
TYPHOON MORACOT: DEBRIS IN FUGANG HARBOR
MAIN INSIGHTS FROM SEVERE WINDSTORMS
• EARLY WARNING AND EVACUATION TO MOVE PEOPLE OUT OF HARM’S WAY ARE VITAL FOR SAVING LIVES
• WIND ENGINEERING PROTECTS BUILDINGS
• WIND INSURANCE POOLS SPREADS RISK
POLICY POLICY ADOPTIONADOPTION
POLICY POLICY ADOPTIONADOPTION
RISK ASSESSMENT
• VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY
• EXPOSUREEXPOSURE
• EVENTEVENT
POLICY ASSESSMENT
• COSTCOST
• BENEFITBENEFIT
•CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCES
TOWARDS TYPHOON DISASTER TOWARDS TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
TYPHOONSTYPHOONSTYPHOONSTYPHOONS EXPECTED EXPECTED LOSSLOSS
EXPECTED EXPECTED LOSSLOSS
LANDSLIDES IN TAIWAN
ASSOCIATED WITH TYPHOONS AND EARTHQUAKES
SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES
LANDSLIDESLANDSLIDES
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS
SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS
PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE SHAKING
GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
MORACOT’S IMPACTS
• At least 40 people dead, many as the result of a village being buried by a landslide (mudslide) during the storm..
TYPHOON MORACOT: LANDSLIDE; AUGUST 2009
TYPHOON MORACOT: RESCUE FROM MUDSLIDE AREA
LANDSLIDE EXACERBATED BY M6.5 EARTHQUAKE AND
RAIN APRIL 26, 2010
Following several days of rain, a hillside collapsed onto a three-lane highway over a 300-meter stretch, burying three cars and
disrupting traffic.
LANDSLIDE AFTER EARTHQUAKE
SEARCH AND RESCUE
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