Lesson 1 forgetting & memory loss
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Lesson 1:
Forgetting &
Memory Loss
Tuesday, 3 April 2012
Outcomes:
•Describe the strengths and limitations of the psychological theories of forgetting:
- Retrieval failure theory including tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
- Interference theory
- Motivated forgetting as informed by the work of Sigmund Freud including repression and suppression
- Decay theory
Tuesday, 3 April 2012
What is Forgetting???
Failure to access or retrieve information previously stored in
memory
Tuesday, 3 April 2012
Forgetting something DOES NOT mean it is gone FOREVER, but simply at that moment in
time you can not retrieve the information.
So WHY do we
forget????
Tuesday, 3 April 2012
Retrieval Failure Theory
Forget because fail to use the right retrieval cue
Retrieval cues are mental reminders; context dependent cues (context or environment memory was encoded) and state dependent cues (smell, taste and sounds associated with the encoding of the memory)
Retrieval of memories are enhanced when remembering occurs in similar surroundings as when the memory was
encoded
IS STUDYING WHILST LISTING TO YOUR IPOD SUCH A GREAT IDEA???????
Tuesday, 3 April 2012
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
Tuesday, 3 April 2012
Remember this number 9458 2329
Tuesday, 3 April 2012
Spend 30 sec remembering the following
9876 5432
97005731
9345 6894
9354 6823
Tuesday, 3 April 2012
TRY TO RECALL ORIGINAL NUMBER
Tuesday, 3 April 2012
9458 2329
Tuesday, 3 April 2012
That was an example of retroactive interference. Where new information interferes with the
ability to remember old information.
Tuesday, 3 April 2012
Interference Theory
Forget because other memories interfere with the one we are trying to retrieve, particularly those that are similar to the one we are trying to recall
Retroactive interference – New information
interferes with the remembering of old information
Proactive interference - Old information interferes
with ability to remember new information
Tuesday, 3 April 2012
Tuesday, 3 April 2012
Limitations - Interference Theory
Research supporting the theory tends to only show interference with the recall of
meaningless information.
It has yet to explain why interference does not effect semantic memories
Tuesday, 3 April 2012
Motivated Forgetting
Theory proposed by Sigmund Freud
Forget because we want to forget, defense mechanism that protects us from distressing memories.
Information not lost but hard to retrieve during normal waking consciousness
Motivation can also lead us to recode distressing memories as more pleasant
Repression - subconscious defense mechanismSuppression – conscious choosing not to think
Tuesday, 3 April 2012
Repressed memories is a highly controversial topic. There mere existence
is questionable creating doubt in the validity of Freud’s research.
Limitations - Motivated Forgetting
Tuesday, 3 April 2012
Decay Theory
Forget because memory fades over time due to misuse
Based on assumption that memory is stored as a physical or chemical trace in the brain
Tuesday, 3 April 2012
Limitations - Decay Theory
Extremely difficult to empirically test theory
Does not explain sudden recollection of memories ‘forgotten’
Fails to explain the strength of the LTM retrieval of the elderly
Tuesday, 3 April 2012
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