Lecture 7 - Management and Organizational Behaviour (2)
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Understanding StressManagement and Work
Performance
By Grace Abban - Ampiah
GBU 205 MA!AG"M"!# $%&GA!'SA#'%!A(
B")A*'%&
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(earning %+tcomesAt the end of the lecture: students will be
able to know that understanding thenat+re and ca+ses of stress is keye,ement in creating a ork en.ironment
that meets the needs of both theorgani/ation and emp,oyees
'dentify and de.e,op practicaltechniques to manage and pre.ent stress at work place.
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Stress is a fact of ,ife1 here.er yo+ are andhate.er yo+ are doing o+ cannot a.oidstress1 b+t yo+ can ,earn to manage it1 so it
doesn3t manage yo+
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Lesson StructureWhat is stress?What are stressors?
Classication of stress
Signicance of studing stress
Causes of work!related stress "WorkStressors#
Smptoms of stress
Stress outcomes$ersonalit and Stress
Stress moderators "Stress pre%ention andmanagement#
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What is Stress?Psycho,ogists& dene stress as a '(strain
e)perienced b an indi%idual o%er a period oftime which impairs the abilit of the indi%idual toperform his or her role.((
Stress refers to the wa indi%iduals reactsphsicall or mentall to changes& e%ents andsituations in their li%es.
Stress occurs when an indi%idual feels that theare orking o+tside his*her comfort /one
4M+,,ins1 2005
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What are stressors? +hese are physica, 4Physio,ogica, or
psycho,ogica, 4emotiona, e.ents orsituations that put pressure or demands onan ,ndi%idual.
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Classication of stress
Stress can be classied into two main groupsnamel:Psycho,ogica, stress which manifests itself
in indi%idual feelings through emotional stress.
-.g. an)iet& e)cessi%e worr and depression
$hsiological Stress: manifest itself in pain orphsical discomfort associated with human
bod.
-.g. abnormal blood pressure or heartbeatdetected in an indi%idual.
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$schological Stress
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Physio,ogica, Stress
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Signi6cance of +nderstanding andmanaging Stress in the organi/ation
+o pre%ent health issues such as increased
heart rate& sweating as a result of increased
blood sugar& high blood pressure
,mpro%e emploee attitude at the work place
Less absenteeism
,mpro%ed ob performance,mpro%e self!esteemed
/ecreased use of medications.
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-)ercise/iscuss among ourself causes of stress
and describe was it can be pre%ented orminimi0ed
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7a+ses of Work-re,atedStress4Work StressorsWork o.er,oad ,ndi%iduals are at a risk if
the are unable to relate with work task setfor them b their superiors
"8cess demands of ork some obstakes so much out of the emploee thatmakes them e)hausted.
'nterpersona, 7on9icts $ersonal andemotional con1icts with colleagues at thework place can lead to stress.
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7a+ses of Work-re,atedStress
Boredom: Lack of interest of work&retirement& and unemploment& can lead todepression and stress.
Poor comm+nication: Lack of e2ecti%ecommunication at work can lead to feelings ofisolation and frustration resulting to stress.
Work &o,e 'ss+es When a person does notknow his*her roles or responsibilities at workcan easil lead to stress
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Smptoms of Stress
3. 4eadaches5. 6uscular tension
7. 8atigue
9. 4pertension
. 4eart problems;. Lack of concentration
. ,ncreased smoking
3. /isrupti%e eating "o%ereating or undereating#
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@ther causes of Stress
Persona, circ+mstances: Conditionsoutside the work place e.g. di%orce&berea%ement.
8inancial problems can in1uence theperformance or a person at work place.
Lack of Sleep
8ear
An)iet "ner%ousness#
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Stress @utcomes "-2ects ofStress on ,ndi%iduals#
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Persona,ity and Stress
Persona,ity #ype A Persona,ity #ype B
+pe A setthemsel%es e)act
and high personalgoals and stri%e hardto achie%e so theare more prone to
stress."-.g. the are
impatient& in1e)ible&hardworking#
+pe are morerela)ed& 1e)ible and
adaptable not o%erambitious but theachie%e their goalsthrough proper use
of their talents soless likel to su2erstress
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Locus of Control
'nterna, (oc+s of7ontro,
"8terna, (oc+s ofcontro,
,nternals controltheir own
beha%iour ordestin. +he morelikel to getstressed out easil
because the feelin control of whathappens to them
-)ternals belie%ethat their beha%iour
is controlled b luck&chance& otherse2orts so the feelless in control. +he
are prone to simplean)iet reductionstrategies that onlpertain in the short
run.
Stress Moderators:Stress
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Stress Moderators:StressPre.ention Management ;
Persona, (e.e,
Seek for socia, s+pport B Con%ersationwith people at the work place.
&ecreation: 4a%ing a lot of time foroneself to ha%e fun.
#ime management $lanning and
prioriti0ing one(s schedule can help reducestress. -.g. 6ake a #o-do-,ist dai,y to helpreduce stress.
ress o era ors ress
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ress o era ors ressPre.ention and Management
7ont3d
Share yo+r prob,ems Alwas shareproblems when the need arises with friendsand colleagues& seek for ad%ice and opinionof our Superiors.
(i.e a hea,thy ,ifesty,e /e%elop thehabit of eating well& e)ercise regularl&sleep more "
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Stress Moderators:StressPre.ention and Management
7ont3d&e,a8 and "8ercise ela)ing b readinginteresting books& meditation& and doinge)ercises helps to control stress.
Adapt to change /o not let work controlour life. /o other things that will help oubecome refreshed and creati%e. '(All workand no plaD.makes an indi%idual becomebored.
ress o era ors ress
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ress o era ors ressManagement ; %rgani/ationa,
(e.e,
6anagers should pro%ide training for allsta2 in time management andde,egation
Adopt regular open comm+nication so thatemploees get the opportunities to disc+ssprob,ems and orries bothering them atthe work place.
-nsure that there are ade
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ress o era ors ressManagement ; %rgani/ationa,
(e.e,
/e%elop an e=ecti.e feedback system toensure that problems of workloads anddeadlines are identied quickl.
Create a serene orking en.ironment tohelp reduce managerial stress. -.g.6anagers should moti%ate emploeesthrough pro%iding them with certicates&appreciation& career de%elopment e.tc
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Gro+p disc+ssion
Wh is the incidence of stressincreasing in modern working life?
,n our opinion& does stress increase asou ascend the managerial hierarch?
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Conclusion
Do not let work take over your life.Work hard, but play hard as well in
order to reduce stress!
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Euestions
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