Lecture 1.2 – the Octet Rule
Post on 22-Feb-2016
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LECTURE 1.2 – THE OCTET RULE
CA STANDARDSStudents can determine the number of
valence electrons for an element, draw a Lewis dot notation for an element and explain how the Octet rule leads to the formation of ions.
I. VALENCE SHORTCUT!• All elements in the same
group (1A, 2A, etc.) have the same number of valence electrons.
• Lewis Dot Notation shows only Valence e-
o Nitrogen (#7) = o Magnesium (#12) =o Sulfur (#16) =o Sodium
WHAT IS THE OCTET RULE?
II. THE OCTET RULE• Atoms like to have a
full outer valence shell Stable atom.
• gain or lose electrons to have an outer orbit with 8 electrons (or 2 if it is the first energy level).
• Gain/lose based on what is easiest.
III. OCTET SHORTCUT• All metals will lose
their valence electrons• All non-metals will
gain the missing ones.
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF IONS THAT CAN FORM?
IV. IONS• When atoms gain/lose
electrons, they gain a charge.
• Ion – A charged atom due to unequal number of protons and electrons
• Cation – A positively charged ion
• Anion – A negatively charged ion
E- = DETENTION HRS. • If you gain
electrons (detention hrs.) you become negative (sad)
• If you lose electrons (detention hrs.) you become positive (happy)
CATS MAKE PEOPLE FEEL POSITIVE
CATION POSITIVE
ANION NEGATIVE
CLASS EXAMPLE• Draw dot notation for Be. Determine the
ion that forms for fluorine after the Octet Rule has been satisfied.
TABLE TALK• Draw the dot notation for Chlorine.
Determine the ion that forms for nitrogen after the Octet Rule has been satisfied.
STOP AND JOT• Draw the dot notation for Sulfur.
Determine the ion that forms for oxygen after the Octet Rule has been satisfied.
ION SHORTCUT!• All elements in the same group, form ions
with the same charge.
MOVIE
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