Lecture 1 wellness, health,, disease, (lifestyle, risk factors, causes of death)

HEALTH AND

WELLNESS

HEALTHThe overall condition of a persons

body or mind and the presence or absence of illness or injury.

E.g.: genes, age, family history, risk factors, lung cancer.

What is wellness?Wellness is optimal health and vitality

encompassing the six dimensions of well-being (compare this to health which is just absence of

disease)Making conscious decisions to control risk

factors.

E.g.: Stop smoking to prevent lung cancer

7 Dimensions

WellnessDimensions

Physical

Emotional

Intellectual

Interpersonal

Spiritual

Environmental

Occupational

PHYSICAL WELLNESS Overall body’s condition, absence of disease , fitness level and ability to care for yourself.

EMOTIONAL WELLNESS Ability to understand and deal

with your feelings. INTELLECTUAL WELLNESS Seeking out new

experiences and challenges.INTERPERSONAL WELLNESS Ability to develop and

maintain satisfying and supportive relationships

SPIRITUAL WELLNESS To possess a set of guiding beliefs, principles or values that give meaning and purpose for your life

ENVIRONMENTAL WELLNESS Livability of your surroundings

OCCUPATIONAL WELLNESS Level of happiness and fulfillment

you get through work

Are the different parts related?Yes, this is described as a “wellness continuum”

The seven parts of wellness all impact each other

The process of wellness is not constant but dynamic (that means it changes as we do). We can always progress towards higher and higher levels.

The progression involves change and growth in the seven areas.

What kind of qualities and behaviors are associated with high wellness

Physical Health :eating well, exercising, going to doctor regularly, recognizing signs of disease….

Emotional : Self esteem, trust, understanding others and accepting owns feeling, optimism…

Intellectual: openness to new ideas, capacity to question

Interpersonal : ability to have support from friends, communicate with friends and family

Continued…Communication skills, having intimate

relationships.Spiritual; capacity to love, have compassion

and forgive….Environmental: Having abundant clean

resources, reducing pollution……Occupational: Enjoyable work, job

satisfaction, recognition and acknowledgement from managers and colleagues

Behaviors that Contribute to WellnessThese are some behaviors that

contribute to physical wellness:1) Be physically active2) Choose a healthy diet3) Maintain a healthy body weight4) Manage stress5) Avoid tobacco (including sheesha),

drug, alcohol use.6) Protect yourself from diseases and

injury.7) Maintain meaningful relationships.

Physical ActivityIt is recommended that you do an aerobic (cardiorespiratory endurance) exercise for 30 minutes each day, and also that you do exercises that improve

your muscle fitness (weights, pushups, Pilates exercises, etc.)

Choose a Healthy DietTo have a healthy diet you must eat a

balanced diet. That means you must eat a diet with the

right amounts of each type of food and food groups.

Your diet should contain: Complex carbohydrates (bread, rice,

pasta, potatoes, etc) Fruits and Vegetables Milk or milk products Proteins (meat, poultry, fish, nuts, lentils) Only a small amount of added fats/oils

and sugars.

Maintain a Healthy Body WeightIf you keep a healthy body weight, it helps to

prevent many chronic diseases.(Heart disease, stroke, high blood

pressure, type 2 diabetes, certain cancers).

What is healthy body weight???

MEASURING HEIGHT AND WEIGHT (BMI)TESTS:

BODY COMPOSITIONStudents to take height and weightUsing the formula:

BMI = weight in kilograms height in meters²

Calculate BMI and compare with BMI chart

Manage StressMany people do not cope properly with stress in their

lives.

You can reduce stress through:- Exercise- Relaxation/meditation techniques- Talking about problems with friends or

relatives.- Talking about problems with a health

professional.- Prayer

Avoid Use of Tobacco/Sheesha/Drug UseMany diseases are associated with different drug uses.Lung cancer is associated with tobacco

use.It may be that sheesha is worse for you

than tobacco.Excessive drug use can often lead to

death by overdose or injuries in accidents.

Protect Yourself Against Disease and InjuryAll of the behaviors stated so far prevent

against disease.

We can also take care to avoid dangerous activities.

Example: driving excessively fast injures or kills a large number of people in the UAE each year.

Seat belt.

Develop Meaningful RelationshipsIf you develop healthy relationships with family, friends, husband or wife, it helps you to feel happier and can reduce stress in your life.

Reducing stress helps to reduce the chance of sickness and high blood pressure.

A few more definitionsRisk factor: a condition that causes

increased chance of disease or injury.Infectious disease : can spread from person to

person caused by bacteria or virusChronic disease : a disease that develops and

continues over a long period of timeLife style choice: a conscious behavior that

can increase or decrease chances of disease.

Definitions continuedPhysical fitness: A set of physical attributes that

allow the body to respond or adapt to the demands and stress of physical effort.

Sedentary: Physically inactive, literally,

sitting.

A note on life expectancySince 1900 till present day it has increased

Due to vaccination, antibiotics, wearing seat belts, anti smoking campaigns, safer work places, control of infection and healthier mothers and babies.

What are the killers diseases today?

Life style diseases

1. Heart disease

2. Cancer

3. Stroke

Leading causes of death in the UAE

Five leading causes of Death in UAE(Gulf News, 28

August 2016)1. Obesity. The obesity rate is about double of the world average;

2. Diabetes. About 19% Emiratis have diabetes. Type 2 diabetes — often linked to factors such as obesity and a sedentary lifestyle — accounts for about 90 per cent of cases worldwide.  . 3. Cardiovascular diseases   Diabetes, hypertension, smoking, high cholesterol, obesity and a family history of cardiovascular disease are all risk factors.

Leading causes of death in the UAE4. Cancer  4 leading cancers in UAE: breast, colorectal, lung and

cervical cancer.   According to Health Authority Abu Dhabi (HAAD) statistics for 2014 — the most recent figures

available — women accounted for 45 per cent of all cancer-related deaths, with breast cancer being the third most common cancer-related deaths for both genders, behind lung and blood cancers.

  According to HAAD, tobacco use is the most important risk factor for cancer, causing 22 per

cent of global cancer deaths and 71 per cent of worldwide lung cancer deaths.   

5. Mental health    Mental health has been identified as a top priority, yet stigma lingers for those who

experience symptoms of depression or other psychological disorders.   

Risk factors for these diseasesDiet (too much fat, meat and junk food, not enough veg and fruit)

Not doing exercise (sedentary lifestyle)

SmokingAlcohol

Actual causes of death

TobaccoObesityAlcohol

Thank you