LECTURE 1: HUMAN FACTOR& FLIGHT PHYSIOLOGY AVIATION HUMAN FACTOR: AHF 2203.

LECTURE 1: HUMAN FACTOR& FLIGHT PHYSIOLOGYAVIATION HUMAN FACTOR: AHF 2203

LEARNING OBJECTIVES & OUTCOMES

By end of this session, you will be able to: Acquire some basic understanding of

Human Physiology Able to identify the main function of

body systems that have major role in human factors

Understand how the body and mind can be affected in flight as well as why they are affected in flight.

Be knowledgeable about the physiology of the body in the flight environment.

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WHAT IS PHYSIOLOGY?

The study of human systems' integrated functions and the processes by which they maintain the body functions.

In other words, the definition of physiology is: The study of the functions of the body

at the cellular level.

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FLIGHT PHYSIOLOGY

Flight physiology is how the body and mind work in the flying environment.

It includes How our organs function What keeps them from functioning in a

abnormal environment What the pilot can do to protect these

functions before and during flight.

Flight physiology, therefore, is an integral part of human factors and safe flight, and it has a direct effect on human performance.

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REMEMBER ! ! ! !

Knowing flight physiology, being aware of its effects on performance, and maintaining a high index of suspicion when performance becomes poor will continue to make everyone a better and safer pilot.

Suspicion = a feeling that something is possible

“Prevention is better than cure!”

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Why we need to learn Physiology?

Understanding how our organs function and how they keep from functioning in unfriendly environment.

Know how the body should work under ideal and controllable situations.

Raise the level of awareness.

Take action to avoid unsafe situation or be better prepared medically.

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Continue. . . .

The Crew must be medically fit for flight!!!

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Human Anatomy

The Nervous System

3 components: Brain (Central Nervous System) Spinal Cord Peripheral

Nervous System Basic function of nervous system

Receive sensory input from internal and external environments

Integrate the information Respond to stimuli or in other words reaction to

the sensory input.

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Central Nervous System (Brain)

Core of the nervous system Control all body function:

Mental Mechanical Physiological

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1st Part of Brain (Forebrain) (4 lobes)

Frontal lobes: thoughts, decisions, and judgments.

Parietal lobes: senses and send information for processing.

Temporal lobes: Speech center location and where the brain computes information (for written and spoken communications).

Occipital lobes: are where information from the eyes is processed.

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2nd part of brain (Midbrain): Hypothalamus, which produces hormones that affect temperature, growth, and other physiological activities.

3rd part of brain (hindbrain): The center of regulation of many of the body’s basic functions, including breathing, blood pressure, heart rate, and many others.

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Continue . . .

Spinal Cord

Function: Transmit signal

between brain and peripheral system.

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Peripheral Nerves System Function:

Connect and transmit signal to branch of organ from brain.

Every part of body has its own nerve.

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The Respiratory System

Function: Exchange of gases between body and

its tissue and the outside ambient air.

Purpose: Add Oxygen(O2) and remove Carbon

Dioxide (CO2).

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In the human body, two kinds of respiration take place.(1)  External respirationExternal respiration.

- Occurs in the lung

- Air is inhaled and exhaled and gases transferred through the lungs and into bloodstream.

(2)  Internal respirationInternal respiration. -Transport gases to and from body cells and tissues by the blood and red blood.

The Respiratory SystemAVIATION HUMAN FACTOR: AHF 2203

Blood Capillary

External Respiration

Active Phase INHALATION

Passive Phase EXHALATION

Breathing inBreathing out

Phases of Respiration

The Lung

Function of Lung: To transport of oxygen to the rest of body.

Human inhale oxygen (O2) from the outside air into the alveoli inside the lung. The lung exchange the oxygen O2 and carbon dioxide(CO2)

Air enters through the nose, mouth, trachea to the bronchial tree.

Distribute to the ALVEOLI (air sacs), where blood brought with OXYGEN molecules.

Amount of OXYGEN from Alveoli into red blood cells depends on pressure gradient.

The process:

Internal Respiration

The processes by which the gases in the air that has already been drawn into the lungs by external respiration are exchanged with gases in the blood/tissues so that carbon dioxide (CO2) is removed from the blood and replaced with oxygen (O2). 

External & Internal Respiration

The Circulatory System

Function: Carries the blood, transport the oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste product.

*REMEMBER Any change in oxygen levels to the cells

immediately changes the performance of many organs, especially the brain

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Vascular System (blood vessels)

The link between the heart, lungs, brain, and other parts

Function: To maintain blood supply to all tissues of the body

The Circulatory SystemAVIATION HUMAN FACTOR: AHF 2203

The Heart

The heart is an organ

that pumps the blood

through the circulatory

system by contraction

and dilation.

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Other Body System

Musculoskeletal System Consist of bones (skeleton), tendons,

muscles. Body framework Function:

Bones – provide support and protection Muscles – contract and makes skeleton functional

Gastrointestinal (GI) system Function: to digest and provide nutrients and

fluids for metabolism into the tissue cells. E.g. stomach

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Metabolic System: Function: convert resource into

substance, chemicals, and energy. E.g. kidney, liver, bladder

Other Body SystemAVIATION HUMAN FACTOR: AHF 2203

Conclusion

In order to understand how the physiology of flight can affect performance, we must have a basic understanding on how the body work.

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End of PresentationQ/A Session

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