Lecture 1_ Computer Graphics _Chapter 1 Introduction
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COMPUTER GRAPHICS Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti
BSIT-PIV
Chapter 1Institute of Information and Communication Technology
University of Sindh, Jamshoro BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI 1
Course Details
Course Code: ITEC 612-613
Course Title: Computer Graphics
Lecturer: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti, zeeshan.bhatti@usindh.edu.pk
Schedule: Monday and Thursday 8:30-9:15
Refered Book
Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice in C, by J. D. Foley, A. Van Dam, S. K. Feiner, J. F. Hughes.Hardcover, 1200 pages, Addison-Wesley Pub Co; 2nd edition,
Course web page:
https://sites.google.com/site/drzeeshanacademy/
Blog:
http://zeeshanacademy.blogspot.com/
Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/drzeeshanacademyBy: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 2
SENG-620 Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision
Course overview: Introduction to Computer Graphics; display memory; generation of points, vectors, shapes, objects, etc.; raster and geometric graphics; interactive and passive graphics; graphics peripherals; analog and digital images and analog/digital conversion; mathematics of 2-D and 3-D transformations; applications in animation, computer aided design and instruction; hypertext and multimedia; dialog design; user-interface.
Prerequisites: Programming Fundamentals, Data Structures, Mathematics, Linear Algebra.
Grading: 10 marks: Attendance
10 marks: Assignment
30 marks: Midterm
50 marks: Final Exam
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 3
Why Study 3D Computer Graphics?
Systems: Write complex 3D graphics programs (real-time scene in OpenGL, offline raytracer)
Theory: Mathematical aspects and algorithms underlying modern 3D graphics systems
This course is not about the specifics of 3D graphics programs and APIs like Maya, Alias, DirectX but about the concepts underlying them.
Applications (discussed next)
Fundamental Intellectual Challenges
Some content inspired by Pat Hanrahan from Stanfords CS148
Applications
CAD - Computer Aided Design (Mechanical, Architectural)
Simulators (Flight, Driving, Sports)
Advertising
Virtual Reality
Architectural Visualization
Art and Entertainment
Games
Special effects
Education
Scientific visualization
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 5
Entertainment
Movies: Brave, Pixar 2012
Entertainment
Games: Halo 3, Bungie 2007
Lighting Simulation
Interior Design
Automobile Visualization
Computer Aided Design
Interiors Professional
Mechanical CAD
Architectural CAD
Electronics CAD
Casual Users
Google Sketchup
Visualization: Science and Medicine
Visible Human Project: University of Hamburg
Virtual Reality
VR for design and entertainment
Simulators: Surgical, Flight, Driving, Spacecraft
Digital Visual Media
From text to images to video (to 3D?)
Image and video processing and photography
Multimedia computers, tablets, phones
Flickr, YouTube, WebGL
Real, Virtual Worlds (Google Earth, Second Life)
Electronic publishing
Online gaming
3D printers and fabrication
Why Study 3D Computer Graphics?
Applications (discussed next)
Fundamental Intellectual Challenges
Create and interact with realistic virtual world
Requires understanding of all aspects of physical world
New computing methods, displays, technologies
Technical Challenges
Math of (perspective) projections, curves, surfaces
Physics of lighting and shading
3D graphics software programming and hardware
The Visual Sciences
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 14
The Visual Sciences
Image Processing:
From Images to Images
Computer Vision:
From Images to Models
Computer Graphics:
From Objects to Models (Geometric Modeling).
From 2D/3D Models to Images (Rendering).
From 4D Models to Images (Animation).
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 15
3D Graphics Pipeline
Modeling Animation Rendering
Geometric Modeling
From a concept (or a real object) to a geometric representation on a computer
Example: a sphere can be described as (x,y,z,r)
Complex objects can be constructed from simpler ones
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 17
Curves for Modeling
Rachel Shiner, Final Project Spring 2010
Animation
Definition of complex time-dependent behaviour of objects
Issues with rigid and elastic joints
Realistic rendering of collective behaviours
Examples:
Automatic interpolation between key-frames
Physics based simulation
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 19
Rendering
Given a scene and viewing parameters, produce an image
Images are a 2D array of pixels
Important sub problems:
Which pixels are covered by each object ? (Scan Conversion)
What is visible at each pixel ? (Visible Surface Algorithm)
What color should a pixel be ? (Illumination, Shading Algorithms).
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 20
Rendering and Image Synthesis Examples
Collage from 2007
Interactive 3D Graphics
Final Project
Rendered Image
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 24
Viewing Transformation Pipeline
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 25
Viewing Factors
Objects:
Geometrical Properties of an Object (Solid Modeling)
Physical Properties of Objects Surfaces
(Illumination Models, Color Models)
Camera:
Projections
Light Source:
Color Theory
Spatial set-up:
3D Transformations, Coordinate Systems
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 26
2D Drawing
Goal: Getting Acquainted with Images
Displays (Raster vs. Vector)
Basic Definitions: Pixel, Resolution, Dynamic Range
Line Drawing (Incremental and Mid-Point Algorithms)
Techniques for Drawing Circles
Filling Polygons
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 27
2D Transformations
Goal: Introduction to 3D, Review Linear Algebra
Basic 2D Transformations: Translation, Scaling, Rotation, Shear.
Composition of Transformations and Transformation
Groups:
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 28
2D Transformations
Transformations in Matrix notation:
Composition of transformations in matrix notation
The homogeneous coordinates in 2D:
Change of coordinates:
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 29
2D Viewing
Goal: Introduction to 3D and some Rendering Concepts
Viewing Transformation pipe-line:
Line and Polygon Clipping:
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 30
3D Viewing
Goal: Geometrical Transformations in Viewing Pipeline
From Model Coordinates to Viewer Coordinates:
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 31
3D Viewing
Projections:
Orthographic
Oblique
Perspective
The Viewing Volume:
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 32
Solid Modeling
Goal: Learn how to Define Solid Objects
1D Curves in 3D
Primitive based: line segments.
Free form:
Implicit, Explicit, Parametric (Polynomials, Splines)
2D Surfaces in 3D
Primitive Based: Polygon Mesh
Free Form: As Above
3D volumes in 3D
Volume Rep.
Sweep Volumes
Spatial Occupancy (Voxels, Octree, )
Constructive Solid Geometry
Boundary Rep.
Polyhedra
Free Form: As AboveBy: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 33
Solid Modelling
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 34
Parametric Surfaces
Bilinear Interpolation
Splines:
Cardinal Spline
Hermite Spline
Bezier Spline
B Spline
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 35
Color Theory
Goal: Understanding what a color is
The Trichromatic Color Theory
Linear Color Space and Color Representations: RGB,CMY,HSB
Perceptual Color Spaces: LAB,YIQ
The CIE Chromaticity Diagram
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 36
Illumination Models and Shading
Goal: Understanding the physical properties of an object
Light Source Parameters (Shape, Position, Color, Intensity)
Surface Parameters: Ambient, Diffuse, Specular
Polygon Rendering Methods
Transparency
Shadow
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 37
Illumination Models and Shading
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 38
Example: Creating an Image from a Model
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 39
Polygonal Model Generated from Spline Patches.
Orthographic Projection
Example: Creating an Image from a Model
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 40
Polygonal Model Generated from Spline Patches.
Orthographic Projection
Example: Creating an Image from a Model
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 41
Depth Cueing
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 42
Depth Clipping
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 43
Colored Vectors
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 44
Visible Line Determination
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 45
Visible Surface Dtermination with Ambient
Illumination
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 46
Individually Shaded Polygon with Diffuse
Reflection
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 47
Gouraud Shaded Polygon with Diffuse
Reflection
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 48
Gouraud Shaded Polygon with Specular
Reflection
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 49
Phong Shaded Polygon with
Specular Reflection
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 50
Curved Surfaces with Specular
Reflection
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 51
Multiple Lights
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 52
Texture Mapping
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 53
Shadows
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 54
Reflection Mapping
Example: Polynomial Texture Maps
From:
http://www.hpl.hp.com/research/ptm/
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 55
Example: Polynomial Texture Maps
From:
http://www.hpl.hp.com/research/ptm/
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti56
Thankyou
Q & A
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti 57
Referred BookComputer Graphics: Principles and Practice in C, by J. D. Foley, A. Van Dam, S. K. Feiner, J. F. Hughes.Hardcover, 1200 pages, Addison-Wesley Pub Co; 2nd edition,
For Course Slides and Handoutsweb page:
https://sites.google.com/site/drzeeshanacademy/
Blog:http://zeeshanacademy.blogspot.com/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/drzeeshanacademy
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