Learning styles

Learning:Learning:Approaches, Styles, & Approaches, Styles, &

PreferencesPreferencesWhat does it all mean?What does it all mean?

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LEARNING• The act, process, or experience of

gaining knowledge or skill.• Knowledge or skill gained through

instruction, scholarship, schooling, or study.

• Behavioral modification especially through experience or conditioning.

• any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a direct result of experience

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METACOGNITION

• Awareness or analysis of one’s own learning of thinking process

• Thinking about Thinking

• Knowing about knowing

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Types of Learning Styles/Preferences

– Visual – Seeing/Non-verbal– Auditory/Aural – Hearing– Read/Write - Linguistic– Kinesthetic – Moving and doing– Multimodal – incorporating

various approaches(22 Total) 4

Characteristics of Visual Preference

• Strong sense of color• May have artistic ability• Need to see it to know it• Difficulty with spoken directions• Over-reaction to sounds• Trouble following lectures• Misinterpretation of words

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Characteristics of Auditory/Aural Preference• Prefer to get information by listening• Need to hear it to know it• Difficulty following written directions• Difficulty with reading and writing• Sometimes have incomplete class notes

because you are listening

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Characteristics of Read/Write Preference

• Like making and reading lists• Prefer headings and clear definitions• Need to write it and read it to know it • Can miss key information in lecture-heavy

classes because…• Often take verbatim notes

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Characteristics of Kinesthetic Preference

• Need to “do it” to understand• Difficulty sitting still• Like labs, field trips• Often use trial-and-error to solve problems• Incomplete class notes because it’s hard to

connect to real life• Lectures on how to complete a problem need

to be supplemented with a step-by-step activity

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Approaches to Learning

• ACTIVE versus PASSIVE

• DEEP versus SHALLOW

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ACTIVE• Being in physical motion: Functioning or capable of

functioning• Marked by energetic activity; busy• Involving or requiring physical exertion and energy• Being in a state of action; not still, quiet, or at rest.• Erupting or liable to erupt; not dormant• Marked by or involving direct participation• Currently in use or effect• Openly acknowledged or expressed• Producing an intended action or effect

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PASSIVE• Receiving or subjected to an action without responding or

initiating an action in return: the mind viewed as a passive receptacle for sensory experience

• Accepting or submitting without objection or resistance; submissive

• Existing, conducted, or experienced without active or concerted effort

• Unreactive except under special or extreme conditions; inert.

• Exhibiting no gain or contributing no energy• Relating to or characteristic of an inactive or submissive

role in a relationship, especially a sexual relationship.

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SHALLOW

• Measuring little from bottom to top or surface; lacking physical depth.

• Lacking depth of intellect, emotion, or knowledge

• Marked by insufficient inhalation of air; weak: shallow respirations.

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DEEP• Extending far downward below a

surface; extending far inward from an outer surface; extending far backward from front to rear; or extending far from side to side from a center

• Far distant down or in, or far distant in time or space

• Coming from or penetrating to a depth• Large in quantity or size; big• Rich and intense in shade• Of a grave or extreme nature

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DEEP• Of a mysterious or obscure nature• Difficult to penetrate or understand;

Not easily understood; abstruse • Exhibiting great cunning or craft• Very absorbed or involved• Profound in quality or feeling• Covered or surrounded to a designated

degree.• Very learned or intellectual; wise

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Active vs Passive HabitsActive• Asks and answers

questions in class• Takes lecture notes• Participates in teams or

on campus• Prepares a list of

questions for interviews with potential employers

Passive• Daydreams in class• Tape records lectures

but doesn’t attempt to take notes

• Watches sports on television

• Goes to a job interview without being aware of what the job might be

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Applying what you know…List the personal habits and choices that are related to active and passive behaviors in work, at school, and at home.

List your personal habits and choices that are related to deep and shallow learning approaches at work, school, and home.

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Visual Styles…• Use graphics

– Films, slides, illustrations, doodles, charts, flow charts, outlines, maps, and diagrams, notes, and flashcards…

• Use color• Use written directions• Visualizing

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Auditory Styles…• Use recordings• Interviewing and Discussing• Reading Aloud• Asking Questions• Avoid Noisy Study Areas

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Read/Write Styles…• Write and Re-Write• Rephrase using Vocabulary• Turn charts, graphs, diagrams

into statements• Arrange using hierarchies

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Tips for Those that use Kinesthetic Styles…

• Use experiential learning –– Making models, do lab work, and role play…

• Take frequent short breaks • Trace letters and words• Study while active• Write/Re-Write or Type/Retype

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Applying what you know…

What are the strategies that are related to active learning and active listening?

What are the strategies that are related to deep learning and deep listening?

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Remember…• “A” Students know themselves, their

strengths, and what works for them…

• Find out about yourself, your strengths, and what works for you!

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