Learning Disabilities TLSE 240. What do all these people have in common? Cher Jay Leno Whoopi Goldberg Charles Schwab Greg Louganis Bruce Jenner Nelson.
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Learning Disabilities
TLSE 240
What do all these people have in common? Cher Jay Leno Whoopi Goldberg Charles Schwab Greg Louganis Bruce Jenner Nelson Rockefeller
They all have or had a
LEARNING DISABILITY….
IDEA Definition “ a disorder in one or more of the basic
psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language… (Psychological processes are memory, perception, attention, etc.)
continued that may manifest itself in an imperfect
ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do math calculations…”
Includes conditions such as: Perceptual
disabilities Brain injury Minimal brain
dysfunction Dyslexia Developmental
aphasia
Does not include Problems primarily resulting from
Sensory or motor disabilities Mental retardation Emotional disturbance Environmental, cultural, or economic
disadvantage
Learning Disabilities (LD) Most common disability among students
who receive special education (50.8% of all disabilities)
Several kinds of specific learning disabilities exist (i.e., reading, math, writing, etc.)
Difficulty in learning, especially in speaking, listening, writing, reading, and mathematics
LD continued Presumed cause is central nervous system
dysfunction Unexpected under achievement is a
common characteristic Average or above average IQ Discrepancy between potential to learn and
level of achievement
Discrepancy Compare IQ level on
IQ test with achievement test scores
Not a perfect way to assess
Issues with discrepancy approach/formula
Some Characteristics Difficulty in understanding
and following directions Short attention span Difficulty with handwriting
and fine motor skills Visual or auditory memory Memorizing words or
basic math facts Difficulty allocating time
and organizing work
Characteristics continued Segmenting words into sounds and
blending sounds May confuse letters and words (b, d) (was,
saw) Poor phonics/decoding/phonological
awareness Rapid naming Inefficient learning strategies
Terms Dyslexia – severe
disability in learning to read, especially as related to decoding and spelling
Dysgraphia – severe disability in learning to write, including handwriting
continued
Dyscalculia – severe disability in learning math concepts and computations
LD History Coined by Sam Kirk in 1963 in Chicago Previous terms Fast growing category Controversy Invisible disability
History continued Kirk Orton Process/product debate
Assumed Causes Neurological based Part of brain responsible for sounds and
symbols May be genetic link Lead paint injection FAS
Teaching Ideas Direct instruction Memory/learning
strategies Self-management Multi-sensory learning Organized learning
Teaching Ideas continued Task analysis Accommodations Projects Technologies Other
Other Facts - LD Learning disabilities
often run in families Learning disabilities is
a life long disability About 35% of students
with LD drop out of school
Other Facts continued Learning disabilities can be a serious
obstacle to gainful employment 50% of young criminals were determined to
have learning disabilities 85% of Americans often confuse learning
disabilities with mental retardation Early and appropriate interventions are
essential
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