Transcript
University of Sulaimani
School of ScienceDepartment of
Biology
Practical Parasitology2nd stage
Lab 13: Balantidiasis
Ciliates:Balantidium coli
Ciliates: Ciliates: Balantidium Balantidium colicoli
Objectives: Students should be able to:• Describe trophozoite and cyst stages of Balantidium coli.• Explain methods of transmition and diagnosis of Balantidium coli.
Ciliophora Ciliophora (Ciliates)(Ciliates)
Feed on particulate food, small bacteria; other feed on large organisms.
Possess simple cilia during some part of their life cycle.Most species have 2 kinds of nuclei: macronuclei and micronuclei.Most ciliates are free-living. A few groups are commensals or parasitic.
Balantidium coli
bag colon
• Balantidium is the only ciliated protozoan known that is pathogenic in humans
• and the largest protozoan infecting human.
• Primarily a zoonotic intestinal parasite (pigs).
cyst
Balantidium coli
Final host: Human.Reservoir host: pigs (Zoonotic).Habitat: cecum and colon.Transmission: faecal-oral route and pigs appear to be the source of most human cases.G.D. Cosmopolitan and can be found wherever pigs are foundDisease: Balantidiasis or balantidial dysentry
Pig farmer.
Balantidium coli
•Trophozoites are oval in shape with 50-100 µm long by 40-70 µm wide.•An anterior funnel shaped cytosome is usually visible.•At the posterior end is an excretory opening called cytopyge. •Short cilia cover the cell surface. •Internally, a horse-shoe or sausage-shaped or kidney-shaped macronucleus is prominent; the adjacent round micronucleus is not.
Balantidium coli: Trophozoite
•Cysts are usually spherical or slightly ovoid and have a diameter of 45-65 µm•There is a cyst wall and the cilia are absent•As in the trophozoite, the macronucleus is prominent, but the micronucleus may not be.
CYST - formed as feces dehydrate in the colon or rectum
Balantidium coli: Cyst
Balantidium coli
Life Cycle
Ingestion of Cyst : infective stage
Balantidium coli
Life cycle
Active – Trophozoite
Stage.
Cyst Phase.
Encystation
Excystation occurs in the
small intestine
The trophozoite inhabits the cecum and colon of humans.
Trophozoites are tissue invaders. They secrete proteolytic enzymes (Hyaluronidase) which digest the epithelium of the large intestine.Ulceration results in bleeding and secondary bacterial infection. Perforation of the large intestine has occurred in some fatal cases.
Balantidium coli: Pathology
1. Examination of stool samples, looking for trophozoites and cysts, which are readily identified because of their large size.
CystTrophozoite
Laboratory diagnosis
2. Biopsy of the colon: Numerous trophozoitesin intestinal tissue.
ReferencesReferences1. Schuster, FL. and Ramirez-Avila, L. Current World Status of
Balantidium coli. (2008). Clin. Mic. Rev. 21(4): 626–638.2. Schmidt GD, & Roberts LS. (2005). Foundations of Parasitology.
7th ed. McGraw Hill. Boston.3. http://www.cdfound.to.it/html/bal1.htm4. http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Balantidiasis.ht5. http://www.stanford.edu/group/parasites/ParaSites2006/
http://www.tntech.edu/wrc/119.htm
6.http://parasitewonders.blogspot.com/2009_10_0 _archive.htm7.http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/parasitology/intest-protozoa.htm8.http://www.umanitoba.ca/science/zoology/faculty/dick/z346/
balanhome.html9.http://www.ufrgs.br/parasito/dinamica/parasitos/protozoa/
ciliophora/balantidium/balantidium.html10.http://www.kstate.edu/parasitology/625tutorials/Ciliates.html11.http://www.stanford.edu/group/parasites/ParaSites2003/
Balantidium/Animal_Reservoir.htm
Good LuckAccess to safe
drinking water is everyone’s right
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