KP 5.12 Anatomi Digestivesystem
Post on 07-Nov-2015
236 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Transcript
*The Digestive System
*DigestionProcessing of foodTypesMechanical (physical)ChewTearGrindMashMixChemicalCatabolic reactionsEnzymatic hydrolysisCarbohydrateProteinLipid
*DigestionPhasesIngestionMovementDigestionAbsorptionFurther digestion
*Digestive System Organization
Gastrointestinal (Gl) tract (Alimentary canal)Tube within a tubeDirect link/path between organsStructuresMouthOral CavityPharynxEsophagusStomachDuedenum JejenumkIleumCecumAscending colonTransverse colon
*Digestive System OrganizationDescending colonSigmoid colonRectumAnusAccessory structuresNot in tube pathOrgansTeethTongueSalivary glandsLiverGall bladderPancreas
*Anatomy of the Mouth and Throat
*Human Deciduous and Permanent Teeth
*Dorsal Surface of the Tongue
*The Major Salivary Glands
*Deglutition (swallowing)SequenceVoluntary stagePush food to back of mouthPharyngeal stageRaiseSoft palateLarynx + hyoidTongue to soft palateEsophageal stageContract pharyngeal musclesOpen esophagusStart peristalsis
*Deglutition (swallowing)ControlNervesGlossopharyngealVagusAccessoryBrain stemDeglutition center Medulla oblongataPonsDisordersDysphagiaAphagia
*EsophagusUsually collapsed (closed)3 constrictionsAortic archLeft primary bronchusDiaphragm Surrounded bySNS plexusBlood vesselsFunctionsSecrete mucousTransport food
*Peristalsis and Segmentation
*EsophagusSphinctersUpperLowerAbnormalitiesAchalasiaAtresiaHerniaBarrets esophagusEsophageal varices
*StomachUsually J shapedLeft side, anterior to the spleenMucous membraneG cells make gastrinGoblet cells make mucousGastric pit Oxyntic gland Parietal cells Make HClChief cells Zymogenic cellsPepsinGastric lipase
*Anatomy of the Stomach
*Stomach3 muscle layersObliqueCircularLongitudinalRegionsCardiac sphincterFundusAntrum (pylorus)Pyloric sphincterVascularInner surface thrown into folds RugaeContains enzymes that work best at pH 1-2
*StomachFunctionsMix foodReservoirStart digestion ofProteinNucleic acidsFatsActivates some enzymesDestroy some bacteriaMakes intrinsic factor B 12 absorptionDestroys some bacteria
AbsorbsAlcoholWaterLipophilic acidB 12
*Small IntestineExtends from pyloric sphincter ileocecal valveRegionsDuodenumJejenumIleumMovementsSegmentationPeristalsis
*Small IntestineHistologyIntestinal glands Intestinal enzymesDuodenal glands Alkaline mucousPaneth cells LysozymeMicrovilliLactealsPlica circularisSmooth muscleLymphatic tissue GALTVascular
*Small IntestineAbsorbs80% ingested waterElectrolytesVitaminsMineralsCarbonatesActive/facilitated transportMonosaccharidesProteinsDi-/tripeptidesAmino acidsLipidsMonoglyceridesFatty acidsMicellesChylomicrons
*Structure of the Villi in the Small Intestine
*Small IntestineSecretes digestive enzymesPeptidasesAmino-Di-Tri-SucrasesMaltaseLactaseSaccharidasesDi-Tri-LipaseNucleases
*Small IntestineControlRequires pancreatic enzymes & bile to complete digestion
*Large IntestineExtends from ileocecal valve to anusRegionsCecum AppendixColonAscendingTransverseDescendingRectumAnal canal
*Anatomy of the Large Intestine
*Large IntestineHistologyNo villiNo permanent circular foldsSmooth muscleTaeniae coliHaustraEpiploic appendagesOtherwise like rest of Gl tract
*Large IntestineFunctionsMechanical digestionHaustral churningPeristalsisReflexes GastroilealGastrocolicChemical digestion Bacterial digestionFerment carbohydratesProtein/amino acid breakdown AbsorbsMore waterVitamins
Concentrate/eliminate wastes
*Feces Formation and DefecationChyme dehydrated to form fecesFeces compositionWaterInorganic saltsEpithelial cellsBacteriaByproducts of digestionDefecationPeristalsis pushes feces into rectumRectal walls stretchControlParasympatheticVoluntary
*LiverLocationR. HypochondriumEpigastric region4 LobesLeft QuadrateCaudateRightEach lobe has lobules Contains hepatocytes Surround sinusoids Feed into central vein
*LiverFunctionsMakes bileDetergent emulsifies fatsRelease promoted by:Vagus nSecretinContainsWaterBile saltsBile pigmentsElectrolytesCholesterolLecithin
*LiverDetoxifies/removesDrugsAlcoholStoresGycolgenVitamins (A, D, E, K)Fe and other mineralsCholesterolActivates vitamin DFetal RBC productionPhagocytosisMetabolizes absorbed food moleculesCarbohydratesProteinsLipids
*LiverDual blood supplyHepatic portal veinDirect input from small intestineHepatic artery/veinDirect links to heart
*The Duodenum and Related Organs
*The Organs and Positions in the Abdominal Cavity
*Structures of the Alimentary Canal
SELESAI
top related