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Know your printing paperA guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper
for corporate stationery and promotional materials
Acknowledgement:The Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW (DECC) appreciates the contribution made to the development of this Guide by many organisations.
In particular, DECC wishes to thank the following for their information on productsand processes:
CPI Group
Dalton Paper
Edwards Dunlop
Focus Paper
K.W. Doggett Fine Paper
Longbottom Digital Papers
Paperlinx Printing and Publishing Papers
Raleigh Paper
Spicers Paper
NSW Office of the Printing Industries Association of Australia
Cover images courtesy of:
1. Forest NSW 2. Printing Industries Association of Australia 3. Heidelberg Australia 4. Printing Industries Association of Australia 5. Heidelberg Australia
Published by:Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW59–61 Goulburn StreetPO Box A290Sydney South 1232Ph: (02) 9995 5000 (switchboard)Ph: 131 555 (environment information and publications requests)Ph: 1300 361 967 (national parks information and publications requests)Fax: (02) 9995 5999TTY: (02) 9211 4723Email: info@environment.nsw.gov.auWebsite: www.environment.nsw.gov.au
ISBN 978 1 74232 095 3DECC 2009/88 Printed March 2009
Disclaimer:The Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW (DECC) has compiled this document in good faith, exercising all due care and attention. The State of NSW and DECC do not accept responsibility for inaccurate or incomplete information. Readers should seek professional advice when applying this information to their specific circumstances.
© Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW
Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW (DECC) is pleased to allow this material to be reproduced in whole or in part, provided the meaning is unchanged and its source, publisher and authorship are acknowledged. Reproduction for purposes other than those given above require written permission from the Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW.
Check the DECC website or contact suppliers for updates as paper stocks change regularly.
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper �
Introduction
The success of paper recycling and the environmental benefits that flow from it partly depend on strong demand for recycled content paper products. Purchasing paper products made from recycled paper completes the cycle – conserving the resources needed to make it and avoiding the environmental impacts of waste sent to landfill.
Recycled papers have improved greatly in recent years and most now look as good and perform as well as papers manufactured from virgin resources.
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content paper for corporate stationery and promotional materials 2009 makes choosing recycled printing paper easier. It contains information about the characteristics, use and availability of all recycled content papers used for common business printing jobs. It also provides details of the paper suppliers.
The Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW (DECC) has produced this guide with the assistance of paper manufacturers, distributors, designers and printers as well as business and government consumers of commercially printed material. The NSW Office of the Printing Industries Association of Australia has made many suggestions and assisted with distribution and promotion. We greatly appreciate all the contributions and hope that you find Know your printing paper a valuable tool for making environmentally responsible business decisions when selecting printing paper stock.
Market demand places more emphasis on environmentally preferable products.
Image courtesy of Printing Industries Association of Australia
Courtesy of Heidelberg Australia
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper�
Why should I use recycled paper? A message to printers, graphic designers and their customersIn today’s world you rarely come across anyone who is not concerned about doing what they can to preserve our environment.
Government departments already specify that a certain amount of their printing must be on recycled paper. Businesses themselves are looking at how to reduce their carbon footprint. Likewise they require their supply chain providers to reduce their environmental impact. Even as private consumers the paper you choose to print on makes a statement to others about your conscious decision to help the environment.
Recycling waste paper into the correct bin goes only part of the way to being an environmentally responsible print user or producer. It helps, but when you choose to use recycled paper for your printing, you demonstrate your commitment at the beginning of the process.
Australia has one of the highest world recycling rates for paper. Despite Australia’s good performance, a greater demand for recycled content paper must be created to ensure further recovery of paper from landfill, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Currently the level of recovered waste paper is far greater than the demand for recycled paper. A major reason for this is the lack of understanding of the quality and versatility now achievable with recycled stocks.
We need to re-balance this equation to close-the-loop so that we have a sustainable and constantly renewable materials resource: waste paper becomes recycled new paper which becomes waste paper … and so the cycle continues.
This Printing Industries’ (NSW ) endorsed guide shows you first hand the kind of recycled content printing papers available in NSW and the main environmental considerations relevant when purchasing any paper.
Know your printing paper is a valuable resource for printers and graphic designers to demonstrate their value adding service to their customers by assisting them in making an informed decision by choosing the correct recycled content paper for printing corporate stationery, reports and promotional material. Know your printing paper further assists printers involved in the Printing Industries’ Sustainable Green Print (SGP) program.
This second edition is just one of the raft of environmental initiatives championed by the Printing Industries Association of Australia to help our industry and its customers do their part for environmental sustainability.
Philip AndersenChief Executive Officer and General Manager New South WalesPrinting Industries Association of Australia
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper �
The purpose of this guideKnow your printing paper assists anyone thinking about using recycled content paper to print corporate stationery and promotional materials, such as:
business cards
company letterhead
annual reports
with compliments slips
corporate brochures
promotional fliers.
It provides:
a comprehensive listing of recycled content papers readily available in New South Wales suitable for corporate stationery and promotional materials
up-to-date product and performance information for the available papers
contact details for companies that supply the papers
answers to commonly asked questions
links to further information about recycled content printing papers and buying recycled products in general.
The Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW (DECC) aims to keep all recycled product guides up-to-date in line with market changes to make sure you are well informed about recycled content alternatives. This guide retains much of the original information compiled for the 2004 guide and also has additional information, new papers and changes to existing paper products.
Know your printing paper is based on data and information obtained from manufacturers and suppliers of the recycled printing papers. This information is subject to change as the quality of existing products is improved and new products are developed or become available in the Australian market. This guide is therefore unlikely to represent all grades of recycled content printing paper available at a given time and we encourage you to investigate the availability of new paper grades with your suppliers prior to commencing projects.
This guide is written in response to the most frequently asked questions about recycled content printing papers and as a companion to the Know your office paper guide.
This updated second edition contains additional information about:
environmental labels
sustainably managed forests
energy and water savings associated with recycled content paper.
It provides an overview and straightforward information about what recycled content printing papers are available, what they are made of, where they come from and how to get them.
Contact DECC for further information, other waste reduction resources or if you have any updates or additional information that should be included in the next edition.
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Courtesy of Heidelberg Australia
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper�
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Courtesy of Heidelberg Australia
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper �
Contents
Section �: Recycled content paper and the printing industry 6
The business case 6
The social and economic case 7
Environmental benefits and savings 7
Information for print managers and graphic designers 8
Section �: Environmental impacts 9
Impacts of paper manufacture, use and disposal 9
Climate change 11
Environmental labels and certifications 13
Section �: Recycled content paper explained 19
Paper waste streams 19
All paper waste should be recycled 21
How much recycled content should you choose? 21
What about printer warranties? 21
Section �: Recycled content paper brands 22
Specifications of recycled content papers 22
Environmental characteristics of recycled content papers 25
Section �: Contacts and further information 38
Suppliers of recycled content printing papers 38
Find out more 39
Invitation to contribute to updates of Know your printing paper 43
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper�
Section 1: Recycled content paper and the printing industry
There is an increasing demand for paper products, with printing and writing papers showing the strongest growth.�
In the 2006–07 financial year, Australians used about 1.72 million tonnes of printing and writing paper.2 This is equivalent to more than 40 million trees, as 1 tonne of virgin printing paper requires the equivalent of 24 trees.3
The printing and writing industry has grown substantially since the 2000/01 financial year, with the annual consumption of printing and writing paper increasing by some 478,000 tonnes.4 An increase in the market for corporate stationery and promotions using recycled content papers would make a substantial impact on the manufacture and availability of recycled content papers. It is estimated that in NSW about 700,000 tonnes of paper and paper products are sent to landfill each year.5 A growth in the recycled content paper market would assist in preventing much of this material from going to landfill.
The business casePurchasing recycled content papers can have positive impact on your business performance and efficiency by:
Attracting new clients Printing customers are interested in services and suppliers that will provide them with innovative options, and are increasingly attracted to those that have less impact on the environment. By keeping up to date, you can provide information and advice about recycled printing options to your clients.
Contributing to corporate social responsibility and improving your green ‘image’Using recycled content products demonstrates that you take environmental impacts in the workplace into consideration. When you use recycled content stock and an appropriate label, such as ‘recycled paper’, you let the public know that the environment has been a part of your purchasing decision.
Helping meet government targets and reporting requirementsMany businesses now report on their environmental impacts and performance through government programmes such as Greenhouse Challenge Plus, the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act and the National Packaging Covenant, while others choose to provide annual sustainability reports. The purchase and use of recycled content papers assists in meeting these expectations and reporting requirements.
1 www.nafi.com.au/briefings2 Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (2007) ‘Australian Commodity Statistics 2007’ 3 www.dolphinblue.com./whybuy.html#howmuch 4 Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (2007) Australian Commodity Statistics 2007’5 DECC (2008) ‘Industry and DECC Paper Materials Flows Analysis 04,05,06,07’ (Internal Document Only)
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A wide range of high quality recycled content papers is now available due to improvements in waste recovery and paper manufacturing processes. If you have avoided recycled content papers because of reservations about paper quality, now is the time to reconsider your paper needs and test the performance of recycled content paper.
Image courtesy of Printing Industries Association of Australia
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper �
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The social and economic caseBuying recycled content products has a range of social and economic benefits, such as:
Increasing employmentSupporting recycling markets helps to create more jobs – both directly and indirectly. The Australian Council of Recyclers estimated that direct industry employment by its member companies is more than 10,000 jobs6 and indirect employment is almost 28,000 jobs. In 2006, the recycling industry had a turnover of $11.5 billion, contributing 1.2% of Australia’s GDP.7
Improving collection and processing infrastructure Increasing the demand for recycled content products supports the economy and diversity of secondary markets. Recycling can result in more economic activity which leads to improved collections and improved technology in processing infrastructure.
Environmental benefits and savingsThere are many environmental benefits of recycled content paper. (Section 2 outlines the environmental impacts of paper manufacture and the benefits of buying recycled in detail.) They include:
Energy savings Producing paper from recovered fibres uses up to 50% less energy than manufacturing paper from virgin pulp 8 9.
Water conservationProducing paper from recovered fibres can consume up to 60% less water than manufacturing paper from virgin pulp.10 11
Reduced consumption of natural resourcesBuying recycled content products helps to reduce pressure on natural resources.
Diversion of materials from landfillRecycling and buying recycled products ensures valuable resources are not sent to landfill.
6 www.acor.org.au/whoisacor.html7 Australian Council of Recyclers Inc, (July 2008) ‘Australian Recycling Values – a Net Benefits Study’ 8 Waste and Resources Action Progamme (WRAP) (2006) ‘Environmental benefits of recycling-An international review of life
cycle comparisons for key materials in the UK recycling sector’9 AMCOR (2002) ‘Submission to State Sustainability Strategy’10 www.treecycle.com/info.html11 Institute for Energy and Environmental Reseach Heidelburg (IFEU) (2006) ‘Ecological comparison of office papers in view of
fibrous raw material’
By keeping up to date with sustainable printing and design options, you can provide information and advice about recycled printing stock and attract new clients who wish to demonstrate their environmental commitment.
Recycled content paper and the printing industry
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper�
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Greenhouse gas benefits Paper sent to landfill is a significant contributor to methane gas, which has a global warming potential 21 times more damaging than carbon dioxide (CO2)
12. Through diversion of paper from landfill and less energy required in paper manufacture, recycled content paper saves 400Kg of carbon dioxide (CO2e) emissions per tonne of paper.13
Information for print managers and graphic designersPrint managers and graphic designers are in a unique position to influence the environmental impact of the design and production of corporate stationery and promotional materials. Environmental considerations can be applied to the specifications of the project, choice of inks, and paper stocks. The following may help reduce their environmental impact14:
consider the project size – the larger the job the greater the associated environmental impacts and the more important the decisions about what materials and printing papers to use
determine a realistic print run – avoid waste by creating a clear distribution plan and determining a suitable print run
check proofs online – consider checking proofs in digital imaging to avoid waste generated by film separators, chromalin proofs or plastic coated stocks
consider the most suitable printing process – lithography, waterless, web offset and direct imaging printing
reduce your stock weight – a lower stock weight uses less raw materials, particularly paper fibre
use fewer colours. Avoid print bleeds (printing that goes beyond the edge of the sheet after trimming) because waste paper requires more processing when ink is used
choose vegetable based inks (linseed or canola) or soy based inks which emit less toxic volatile organic compounds than petroleum based inks
consider the recycled content of the paper, the type of recycled content (pre-consumer or post-consumer waste) and other factors that are discussed later in this guide.
Steps to introducing recycled content paper to print clientsHere are some simple steps to introduce recycled content paper to your clients:
look at the different grades of recycled content printing papers (outlined in Section 4)
determine whether recycled content stock is suitable for the customer’s needs in terms of cost, quality and availability
consult the list of suppliers of recycled papers and boards in Section 5 and find out what is available from your local supplier
if recycled paper suits your clients, spread the word!
12 Department of Climate Change (2008) ‘National Greenhouse Accounts (NGA) Factors’13 Department of Environment and Conservation NSW (2005) ‘Benefits of Recycling’14 www.green.net.au/srd/gppg.htm
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Discuss paper stock with your designer or printer or ask for recycled content paper when ordering corporate stationery, reports or promotional material.
Recycled content paper and the printing industry
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper �
Section 2: Environmental impacts
Consider the environmental impacts associated with the production, use and disposal of the paper you choose.
Impacts of paper manufacture, use and disposalManufacturing paper from recovered fibres ultimately has less environmental impact than manufacturing paper from virgin fibres.
Key environmental impacts associated with paper making include energy and water consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, solid waste generation and wastewater emissions. Soil degradation and deforestation, human and eco-toxicity, air emissions, noise and odours from paper mills and issues around landfill sites also have significant impact.15
Less energy in productionThe energy requirements for the manufacture of recycled content paper are generally 50% lower than that of virgin paper,16 17 because much of the paper mass has already been processed. Significant amounts of energy are used to convert wood into pulped fibres in the manufacture of virgin paper. Once the pulp is produced, both virgin and recycled paper manufacture require the same amount of energy for the paper making phase.
The energy required for forestry activities, the harvesting of trees and transportation to mills can often be greater than that required to collect reused paper, sort it and transport it to mills.18
Less water in productionWater is used in paper manufacture to create pulp, to de-ink waste papers and as steam for drying. The manufacture of virgin paper requires far greater volumes of water than recycled paper due to the water intensive processes involved in boiling wood to create pulp. Producing paper from recovered fibres consumes up to 60% less water than manufacturing paper from virgin pulp.19
Water saving technologies are widely used in paper manufacturing, especially in Australia where the majority of paper mills now recycle water on site. This helps reduce the environmental impacts of paper production, but water is a valuable resource and its use, or over use, shouldn’t be forgotten when considering the environmental impacts of paper manufacture.20
15 Integrated Pollution and Prevention Control European Commission (2001) ‘Reference documentation Best available techniques in the Pulp and Paper industry’
16 Waste and Resources Action Progamme (WRAP) (2006) ‘Environmental benefits of recycling-An international review of life cycle comparisons for key materials in the UK recycling sector’
17 AMCOR (2002) ‘Submission to State Sustainability Strategy’18 Wiegard (2001) ‘Quantification of Greenhouse Gases at Visy Industries using Life Cycle Assessment’19 Institute for Energy and Environmental Research Heidelburg (IFEU) (2006) ‘Ecological comparison of office papers in view of
fibrous raw material’20 Department of Environment and Conservation NSW (2005) ‘Benefits of Recycling’
Producing 1 tonne of paper from recovered fibre saves 23.7 kilolitres of water and 18 gigajoules of energy when compared with virgin paper production.20
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Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper�0
Less natural resources Depending on the percentage composition of recycled content, fewer resources (e.g. wood products) are used to produce recycled content paper than virgin paper. Although current sustainable forestry practices reduce the impact on natural resources, reusing paper products is preferable.
Sustainably managed forestsSustainable forestry aims to enhance, maintain or restore a range of factors including the ecological processes of the forests (e.g. water cycle), biological diversity, natural and cultural heritage, sustainable timber supply, and economic and social development. 21
Essentially, plantation forests are managed tree farms. They are often established on unused pastoral land and can improve the environmental quality of the land by reducing soil erosion and salinity, improving water quality and increasing the total carbon stored on the land.22 New trees are planted on an ongoing basis as mature trees are harvested. The management quality of a plantation will help determine how sustainable it is.
Native forests intrinsically have a greater biodiversity value than plantation forests because they have a wider variety of tree and scrub species, and typically support more wildlife habitat due to their complex ecosystem and vegetation structure.23 Where native forests are replaced by plantation forests the biodiversity value will decrease substantially. Similarly, when native forests are logged, biodiversity, soil and water quality are significantly impacted. 24
The quality and environmental value of different forests vary, as do the management techniques employed in forestry. Certifications such as the Programme for Endorsement of Forest Certification Council (PEFC) and the Forestry Stewardship Council (FSC) (see ‘Environmental Labels and Certifications’) ensure both native and plantation forests are managed sustainably to meet certain criteria that will lower the environmental impacts associated with logging.
Air, land and water pollutionPollution of air, land and water can occur through a number of stages during the paper manufacturing process. Both recycled and virgin content papers require bleaching or de-inking, which can involve harmful chemicals. Bleaching removes the lignin content of paper, making it lighter in colour.25 Conventional bleaching processes use alkalis, acids, hydrogen, sodium peroxides, oxygen, dithionite salts, sodium bisulphite, water, chlorine gas, hypochlorite salts and chlorine dioxide.25
The waste waters and gases from the bleaching process can contain dioxin and chlorine compounds which are harmful to both the environment and human health (e.g damage to vital organs).25
21 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2003) Forest Management Working Paper22 www.forest.nsw.gov.au/publication/forest_facts/forestry_NSW/default.asp23 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1998) ‘Land Use, Land-use change and Forestry’24 www.forest.nsw.gov.au/publication/forest_facts/forestry_NSW/default.asp 25 http://library.thinkquest.org/27034/paper.html
Many recycled content papers that contain some virgin fibre now have the proportion of virgin fibre certified as sustainable. If choosing recycled content paper that contains a portion of virgin fibre, select one that consists of certified virgin fibres.
Alternative paper bleaching processes (using peroxide and ozone) have limited or no adverse environmental impacts.
2 Environmental impacts
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper ��
Other hazardous compounds can result from the use of inks. Petroleum based inks contain high levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which pose environmental risks (such as harm to the ozone layer) as well as health risks. VOCs can cause eye and throat irritation and create low level smog when released into the atmosphere.
Vegetable and soy inks have reduced VOC composition and require less solvent for removal in the recycling process, thus further reducing potential environmental harm.
Solid wasteSeveral stages of the paper manufacture process produce solid waste. Key areas where waste generation can be minimised are:
paper type and characteristics – paper coating can produce extra waste in the pulping process. A number of printing finishes, such as laminating, the use of synthetic glues and embellishments such as foil stampings are not conducive to the recycling process
type and amount of ink used – de-inking requires the paper to be washed in water, detergents and solvents. Heavily inked papers and those with petroleum based inks require more washing and processing, thereby creating more wastewater and waste pulp. New ultrasonic cleaners and magnetic separators are being developed to improve de-inking processes.26
Recycling paper into new paper ensures the efforts of pulping and bleaching are not wasted and continue to provide environmental benefits throughout the next ‘life’ of the paper.
For information about recycling your printing paper contact one of the recycling services listed in the Yellow Pages, visit Recycling Near You at www.recyclingnearyou.org.au, or visit the DECC website (www.environment.gov.nsw.au) or phone (02) 8837 6000.
To find out about the types and quality of recycling services available in your area, make enquiries at other companies nearby or ask your Building Manager.
Climate change The sources of greenhouse emissions from the paper making process include the harvesting of trees, transport of raw materials to the mills, paper making plants and/or wastepaper collection, the manufacturing process and the end of life disposal. Overall, many of these impacts relate to the individual forestry, waste collection and manufacturing processes of different companies, whether they produce virgin paper or recycled content paper. However, when comparing the basic energy requirements of manufacturing paper from recovered fibre versus virgin fibre, recycled paper is generally less energy intensive.
Less greenhouse gases are emitted during the manufacture of recycled paper because less energy is required to create the paper pulp. Also, manufacturing paper from recycled fibre:
eliminates emissions resulting from the harvesting of trees and reduces the removal of forests which operate as carbon sinks
eliminates the amount of CO2 and methane produced when paper breaks down in landfill – when paper is sent to landfill it decomposes anaerobically (without oxygen), releasing methane (a greenhouse gas 21 times more powerful than CO2).
26 www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/environment_sciences/report-32774.html
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Soy ink is an excellent choice for recycled content paper because it doesn’t wick (spread) as much as other inks.27
To reduce environmental impacts, capture all waste paper produced and send it for recycling, and choose paper with recycled content.
Environmental impacts 2
27 www.earthdesign.com.au/earth.html
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper��
It has been suggested that emissions associated with the collection and transport of recovered paper for recycling eliminates benefits gained elsewhere in the recycling process. However, there are also emissions associated with the transportation of wood products to the mill to manufacture virgin paper. These really need to be assessed case by case.
Although virgin paper production requires much higher energy input, many pulping mills use bio-fuels (wood waste) as an energy source, or they purchase renewable energy. Therefore, individual brands of recycled content or virgin fibre paper may reduce the overall greenhouse related impacts of production via the energy source used. Again, this depends on the fuel source used at the mill and needs to be assessed case by case.
Carbon neutral paper A carbon neutral product is one where the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production, use and disposal of certified products or services are fully offset by abatement activities or programs.28 Certification programs can verify the measurement and processes involved.
This guide only lists recycled content papers, however if a recycled content paper has a carbon neutral label or certification, it is shown in Table 2.
Greenhouse gasesGreenhouse gases are naturally present in the earth’s atmosphere and are essential to maintaining the earth’s temperature.
The most common, among the many greenhouse gases are water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone.
Both natural and industrial processes produce greenhouse gases. Their concentration has varied over time, but over the past few hundred years human activity is likely to have caused an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This is thought to be responsible for the earth’s average surface temperature increasing, which may lead to greater variance in weather patterns or ‘climate change’.30
Greenhouse gases vary in their ability to trap infrared radiation (heat), referred to as ‘global warming potential’ (GWP). The GWP assigned to CO2 is 1, and the GWP of all other greenhouse gases is calculated as a multiple of this value.31 For example, methane is approximately 21 times stronger as a greenhouse gas than CO2.
32 These values are used to calculate carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e), which allows comparison of all greenhouse gases, taking into account their GWP.
28 www.greenhouse.gov.au/greenhousefriendly/business/certification.html29 Department of Environment and Conservation NSW (2005) ‘Benefits of Recycling’30 www.climatechange.gov.au/science/faq/ 31 Department of Climate Change ‘National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Guidelines’ 200832 Department of Climate Change ‘National Greenhouse Accounts (Factors)’ 2008
Recycling 1 tonne of paper avoids the generation of 400 kg of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e).29
Environmental impacts2
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper ��
Environmental labels and certifications A range of voluntary environmental labels and certifications, both in Australia and internationally, provide consumers with valuable information when making purchasing decisions.
The labels relate to the environmental claims made, and are grouped by the International Organisation for Standardisation33:
Type I labels34 – are multi criteria based, third party certified environmental labelling programmes that compare products in the same category across their life cycle. The criteria are set by an independent body and monitored through an auditing process, e.g. Forest Stewardship Council (FSC).
Type II labels35 –are self declared environmental claims made by the manufacturer, distributor or importer. They are not independently verified nor do they use pre-set criteria. Common terms used for self declared environmental claims include ‘recycled content’, ‘degradable’ and ‘compostable’. The recycled content claims described in this document are considered Type II declarations and closely follow the standards described by Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand.
Type III labels36 – provide quantified information regarding the environmental aspects of products and services based on life cycle impacts37, and are primarily used in business to business communications.
Companies and other organisations can also implement environment management systems to evaluate, improve and report on their environmental performance, and these systems can be applied to the manufacture of paper and paper mills.
A range of labels (Type I) and certifications are described below. Some recycled content papers and the mills from which they are produced carry these labels and/or certifications, as described in Table 2 (pages 33-37).
The following environmental labels apply to some of the products listed in Table 2. They refer to the recycled content claims, the virgin fibre source or a broader range of environmental criteria in the manufacture of the product.
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) promotes responsible forest management through its international standards38, its certification system and its product labelling system. Papers can carry one of three types of FSC labels on their packaging to indicate compliance of the fibre with FSC standards (including recycled content).
FSC product labels can only be applied by organisations that have been certified as complying with FSC standards. There are two types of FSC certificates:
Forest Management (FM) Certificate – which requires an inspection by the forest management unit to check that practices comply with the internationally agreed FSC
33 www.iso.org/iso/home.htm34 AS/NZS ISO 1402435 AS/NZS ISO 1402136 AS/NZS 1402537 www.gednet.org/?page_id=2 38 www.fscaustralia.org/ (Last accessed 10/06/2008)
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The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) has recently published guidelines about the increasing use of environmental claims by businesses. The guidelines aim to: educate businesses about their obligations under the Trade Practices Act 1974; to improve accuracy and usefulness of labelling for consumers; and to prevent misleading, unsupportable environmental claims from being made39. See Section 5 for more information.
2Environmental impacts
39 www.accc.gov.au/content/index.phtml/itemId/815763
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper��
Principles of Responsible Forest Management. Certified forest operations can claim the forest products they produce come from a responsibly managed forest. However, before a certified forest operation can sell products as FSC certified, it must also obtain chain of custody (COC) certification
Chain of Custody (COC) Certificate – provides verification of the supply chain from the forest to the consumer, including all stages of processing, transformation, manufacturing and distribution. Operations that have been independently verified for FSC COC certification are eligible to label their products with the FSC trademark.
Where forest management does not yet meet the standards of the FSC – but does meet five criteria of avoiding serious social and economic impacts – it is known as ‘Controlled Wood’ that can be used in FSC ‘Mixed Sources’ products. Claims of controlled wood must be verified at the wood source.
The FSC has produced three paper products labels which identify those products that have been manufactured in compliance with FSC standards and support responsible forest management.40 41
FSC 100% label – identifies products that come from forests certified as complying with the environmental and social standards of the FSC
FSC Mixed Sources label – identifies that wood for the products may be from a mix of FSC certified forests, FSC controlled sources and/or recycled material. These products support the development of responsible forest management worldwide
FSC Recycled label (Figure 1) – identifies products that support reuse of forest resources and only use 100% FSC defined post-consumer recovered fibre in a product.
The Blue Angel labelThe German Blue Angel label (Figure 2) highlights products and services that are made and delivered according to strict environmental guidelines and high standards of health, safety and functionality. This certification helps consumers choose products that are environmentally sustainable. It is one of the world’s first environmental accreditation programmes and is internationally recognised.42
The Blue Angel label is awarded to recycled content papers that consist of 100% recovered fibres, and which minimise chemicals and additives in pulp and paper production.
The Nordic Swan labelThe Nordic Swan label (Figure 3) can be applied to environmental criteria of 60 product groups, highlighting those products that are a good environmental choice. The Nordic Swan checks that products fulfil certain criteria through testing samples at independent laboratories, certificates and control visits. It was introduced in 1989 with the purpose of being the common, impartial, official environmental label for the Nordic region.43
Criteria for Nordic Swan labelling of paper products include forestry management, emissions, energy, chemicals and waste in pulp and paper manufacturing.
40 www.scscertified.com/forestry/fsclabels.html41 pers. comm. FSC Australia (14/07/2008)42 www.blauer-engel.de43 www.svanen.nu
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■Figure 1: FSC Recycled label
c 1996 FSC A.C.
Figure 2: The Blue Angel label
Figure 3: Nordic Swan label
NOR
DIC ECOLABEL
Environmental impacts2
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The National Association of Paper Merchants (NAPM) The National Association of Paper Merchants (NAPM), in the United Kingdom (UK), awards the Recycled Paper Mark (Figure 4) to paper and board manufactured from a minimum of 50% genuine recovered fibre, no part of which should contain mill produced waste. This label aims to provide consumers with confidence in the recycled content claims of a product.44
The Programme for Endorsement of Forest Certification Council (PEFC)The Programme for Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) – which originated in Europe – is an independent, non-profit, non-government organisation, which promotes sustainably managed forests through independent third-party certification. It provides an international framework for national forest certification systems.45
The Australian Forest Certification Scheme (AFCS)46 is endorsed by the PEFC and aims to provide consumers with an independent, internationally recognised third-party certification scheme for forest management in Australia. It is managed by Australian Forestry Standard Limited (Figure 5), which is a member of the PEFC Council. The key elements of the AFCS are The Australian Forestry Standard (AS 4708—2007) for forest management and the COC Standard (AS 4707—2006) to track forest and wood products through the supply chain.
Both the PEFC and AFCS aim to provide an assurance mechanism to purchasers of wood and paper products that they are promoting the sustainable management of forests. In terms of papers with a recycled content, the PEFC label (Figure 6) applies to the certified mix of virgin fibres and recycled material exceeding 70%.
The European Union Ecolabel (the ‘Flower’)The European Union (EU) Ecolabel Flower is a voluntary scheme designed to encourage businesses to market products and services that have less impact on the environment, and to make it easier for consumers to identify these products.
Printing papers awarded with the ‘Flower’ logo (Figure 7) have been assessed on multiple criteria and guarantees47 that the manufacturing process has:
reduced air emissions of sulphur and greenhouse gases
decreased water pollution by reducing emissions of chlorine compounds and organic waste
reduced energy consumption
reduced use of hazardous chemicals
used recycled fibres or virgin fibres from sustainably managed forests.
The Ecolabel is used throughout the EU and aims to promote sustainable consumption and production.48
44 www.napm.org.uk/recycled_mark.htm45 www.pefc.org/internet/html/ 46 www.forestrystandard.org.au/default.asp47 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ecolabel/pdf/marketing/brochures/en/copying_paper.pdf48 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ecolabel/index_en.htm
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Figure 4: NAPM label
Figure 5: AFS logoAFS/01-10-01
Figure 6: PEFC label PEFC/21-1-1
Figure 7: The EU Ecolabel – the ‘Flower’
2Environmental impacts
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper��
Green Seal Green Seal is an independent, non-profit organisation, based in the United States (US), dedicated to safeguarding the environment and transforming the marketplace. Green Seal identifies papers that are environmentally preferable and provides third-party corroboration of environmental claims.49
The Green Seal label can be used for both products and product and service providers through science based environmental certification standards. The aim is to promote environmentally responsible production, purchasing and products.50
When Green Seal papers and envelopes are either manufactured with a minimum of 30% post-consumer waste or manufactured without chlorine or chlorine derivatives51, they are certified to the organisations’ GS-7 Printing and Writing Paper Standard, and carry the Green Seal logo (Figure 8).
Eco-MarkThe Eco-Mark program is a Japanese environmental label program modelled after the German Blue Angel label52. Eco-Mark is managed in accordance with International Standards for Environmental Labelling (ISO 14020 and ISO 14024).53
Printing papers that carry the Eco-Mark label meet the following criteria54:
they contain greater than 70% recycled fibre
virgin fibres are sourced from sustainably managed forests
limited white pigments are used (less than 30g per square metre)
limited brightening agents (less than 70%) and minimised whitening agents are used
any dyes and pigments used are azo radical free (that is, free of damaging compounds)
chlorine gas is not used in the pulp bleaching process
manufacturing processes reduce or prevent air pollution, water contamination, noise, odour and use of hazardous substances
product packaging is designed to reduce resource consumption and facilitate recycling.
Paper ProfilePaper Profile is a voluntary environmental product declaration scheme developed and provided by leading paper producers. It helps consumers make well informed choices by providing figures on essential environmental parameters in a uniformed way for specific products55. Paper Profile is primarily used by European paper manufacturers and paper information is usually available on manufacturers’ websites.
Paper Profile does not appear as a label on a paper product but provides information about the product.
49 www.thepapermillstore.com/pages.php?pageid=100250 www.greenseal.org/about/faq.cfm51 www.greenseal.org/certification/standards/printing_writing-paper_GS_07.pdf52 http://infomancie.wordpress.com/2007/12/10/the-japanese-make-an-eloquent-eco-mark/ 53 www.ecomark.jp/english/syoukai.html54 http://www.ecomark.jp/english/pdf/107eC24.pdf55 www.paperprofile.com
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Figure 8: Green Seal logo
Environmental impacts2
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper ��
ISO 14001ISO 14001 is an international standard for an environmental management system (EMS). Paper making mills can be certified to ISO 14001 if they meet all its specifications for an EMS. Certification of a mill with ISO 14001 provides evidence of environmentally sustainable management.56
AS/NZS ISO 14001 is the Australian and New Zealand standard for an EMS and is identical to the international standard. Within Australia and New Zealand, AS/NZS ISO 14001 may be used as evidence a mill meets all the standard specifications.
ISO 14001 refers to the overarching environmental management of a mill and is not a forest certification scheme or product based certification.
Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS)The EU’s Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) is used to communicate key environmental information using third-party verified EMAS reports. The EMAS uses the ISO 14001 as its management system, but adds several ‘pillars’ to the requirements of the international standard. The EMAS logo (Figure 9) symbolises the manufacturer’s commitment to continuous improvement and can only be used after the manufacturer conducts an environmental review, establishes an effective EMS, carries out an environmental audit and provides a statement of environmental performance.57
The EMAS logo can only be applied to organisations in the EU or European Economic Area. It refers to their overarching environmental management and is not a forest certification scheme or product based certification.58
The paper product carries the EMAS label which applies to the mill where the paper is manufactured.
Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI)The Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) program is a comprehensive system of principles, objectives and performance measures developed by professional foresters, conservationists and scientists that combine the perpetual growing and harvesting of trees with the long-term protection of wildlife, plants, soil and water quality.59 It was originally designed as a code of conduct for the forest products industry in the US and has now become one of the world’s largest sustainable forestry and certification programs.
There are two main label categories used by the SFI:
�. Percent certified content labels – there are two labels under this category applicable to recycled paper products: ‘100% recovered fibre’ and ‘% recovered fibre claim’ (Figure 10).
�. Fibre sourcing labels – SFI program participants who successfully achieve certification to the SFI standard, and manufacturers who purchase at least two-thirds of their materials for a product or product line from certified SFI program participants may qualify to use a fibre sourcing label.
56 www.iso.org57 www.emas.org.uk/ 58 www.forestsforever.org.uk/sustainability/management/emas.asp59 www.sfiprogram.org
Figure 9: EMAS logo
Figure 10: Sustainable Forestry Initiative label
Environmental impacts 2
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper��
Green-e (Certified Renewable Energy)Green-e is a independent certification and verification program for renewable energy and greenhouse gas emission reductions in the US. 60
Businesses, organisations, and events that purchase or generate a qualifying amount of Green-e certified renewable energy (usually 100%, although the percentage of renewable energy a company is required to purchase in order to use the Green-e logo is dependant on their annual energy consumption) can license the Green-e logo (Figure 11) for communication materials, advertising, and on-product packaging through Green-e Marketplace.61
Greenhouse Friendly™ Greenhouse Friendly™ is an Australian Government initiative. It aims to help meet the challenge of climate change by:
providing businesses and consumers with the opportunity to sell and purchase greenhouse neutral products and services
broadening the basis for investment in greenhouse gas abatement
engaging business and consumers on climate change issues.62
As part of the Greenhouse Friendly™ program, greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production, use and disposal of certified products or services are measured by a life cycle analysis and then emissions are fully offset by approved Greenhouse Friendly™ abatement projects.
60 www.green-e.org/about.shtml61 pers.. comm. Jeff Swenerton Centre for Resource Solutions (23/08/2008) 62 www.climatechange.gov.au/greenhousefriendly/publications/pubs/fs-overview.pdf
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Figure 11: Green-e logo
GREENHOUSE FRIENDLYCONSUMER LOGOVISUAL STYLE GUIDE
GR
E E N
R I E N
F
Figure 12: Greenhouse Friendly™ logo
Environmental impacts2
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper ��
Section 3: Recycled content paper explained
Recycled content paper includes a proportion of recovered fibres along with moisture, binders and pigments/fillers (e.g. clay) which determine the characteristics of the paper such as opacity, weight and texture.
Paper waste streams The three types of paper waste are pre- and post-consumer materials63 and mill broke.
Pre-consumer materialPre-consumer material is diverted from the waste stream during the manufacturing process.
In the case of fibre used to manufacture printing paper, sources of pre-consumer waste are generally companies such as printers and paper converters. Pre-consumer material does not include re-utilisation of materials such as rework, regrind or scrap, generated in a process that can be reused within the same process. These companies produce paper waste from some of the following activities:
envelope and paper packaging manufacture
paper sack converting
printed stationery manufacture
printing paper converting – offcuts and trimmings
Tetra Pak, carton and drinking cup manufacture
printed products manufacture – offcuts and trimmings.
The paper sourced from these companies is generally high quality, provides a regular supply and if it was not collected for use in new paper products would otherwise be sent to landfill.
Post-consumer materialPost-consumer material can no longer be used for its intended purpose and is generated by households or by commercial, industrial and institutional facilities in their role as end-users of the product. This includes returns of material from the distribution chain.
Post-consumer waste is collected from sources like households, offices and schools and much of this material is mixed paper grades, which may include newspapers, office paper, magazines and cardboard packaging.
63 AS/NZS ISO 14021:2000 Environmental Labels and Declarations – Self-declared Environmental Claims (Type II Environmental Labelling)
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Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper�0
Mill brokeThe third type of waste, which is sometimes confused with pre-consumer waste, is material that can be reused by the company that creates the waste. For example, mill broke is the paper waste generated by the mill in the production of printing paper. Mill broke is not classed as recycled fibre because it is seen as good business practice to reuse it.
Figure 13 provides a visual representation of the three paper waste streams and the movement of wastepaper through distribution back to the mill.
It is important to have an understanding of the origin of the recycled content in paper because it may influence your purchasing decisions. Australian and New Zealand definitions of pre- and post-consumer materials may differ from international ones. Therefore, when comparing international and Australian products make sure that definitions are given the same meaning.
The products listed in this guide have been described according to the definitions of the pre- and post-consumer waste specified in the Australian and New Zealand standards AS/NZS ISO 14021:2000.
6. DisposalLandfill, sewer
Resource recovery Resource loss
Mill
bro
keD
ispo
sal
Pre-
cons
umer
was
tePo
st-c
onsu
mer
was
te
1. Primary paperproduction
Pulp mill, paper mill,de-inking plant,wastepaper mill,paper machines
2. Secondary paperproduction
Paper converters (printers, envelopes, cigarette packets),
offset printers, publishers, manufacturers, fillers
and brand owners
3. DistributionWholesalers, retailers,
importers and exporters of commodities and goods
4. ConsumptionMunicipal, commercial, industrial, households,
offices, institutions
5. C
olle
ctio
n an
d Pr
oces
sing
Colle
ctor
s, so
rter
s, pr
oces
sors
, was
te m
anag
emen
t cen
tres
Figure 13: Movement of paper through the distribution chain, and waste and recycling system
Recycled content paper explained3
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper ��
All paper waste should be recycled Any waste paper resources recovered for recycling reduce the amount of virgin material (trees) needed to produce new paper and cardboard products.
Whether the source of recycled fibre is from printers’ off-cuts, office waste or household recycling collections, it should be captured and recycled.
Some believe that ‘materials collected for recycling just go to landfill, so why bother?’, this perception is incorrect. The considerable infrastructure in the recycling industry ensures that all recyclables collected are sorted and reprocessed. In fact, paper is recycled into a number of products, one of which is printing paper.
Buying and using recycled content paper is just one step in the recycling process. Sorting and collecting high quality paper to provide stock for recycling is another. It’s important for everyone to dispose of paper into the correct bins because paper contaminated during the collection process may not be suitable for recycling.
How much recycled content should you choose? Some say that choosing a paper that isn’t manufactured from 100% recycled fibre (e.g. 50% or 80% recycled fibre) is not truly supporting recycled products. There are, however, physical limits to the extent paper can be recycled. Paper fibres can only be recycled five or six times, because they become damaged during the recycling process – they shrink and break and eventually aren’t strong enough to form paper.
Fibres that are too short for paper production can be removed during the manufacturing process. Any fibres that are too short will be filtered out and discarded, therefore fibre length and paper quality is maintained.
When purchasing a paper it’s important to find a balance between your environmental preferences and your requirements in terms of both reliability and quality of the final print.
What about printer warranties?In the past few years, the quality of recycled content printing paper has improved dramatically. However there is still a lingering perception that its quality isn’t as good as papers made from new fibre and that it can potentially harm printing machinery or equipment.
We consulted printing equipment manufacturers who were positive and supportive of good quality recycled content paper, provided the paper meets the specifications for the machinery. They understand that, like all paper products, there is variation in the quality of different brands of recycled paper and each brand should be treated individually. Many company representatives see the importance of implementing sound environmental practices and the need to make a commitment to sustainability.
Choose the paper with the highest recycled material content which suits your purpose – in many cases this will be a 100% recycled content product. See Tables 1 and 2 for specifications about the papers included in this guide.
Equipment manufacturers say that good quality recycled content papers are satisfactory as long as they meet the specifications for the machines in which they will be used.
Recycled content paper explained 3
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper��
Section 4: Recycled content paper brands
In New South Wales there are currently 41 brands of recycled content printing paper available. They have various characteristics and recommended usage.
To help you source a paper that meets your environmental preferences and performance needs, we have compiled two tables that compare the different brands:
Table � – Specifications of recycled content papers
Table � – Environmental characteristics of recycled content papers.
Specifications of recycled content papersTable 1 details a range of specifications for the different brands of recycled content papers as reported by paper manufacturers and suppliers. They are:
GSM GSM measurements represent the grams per square metre and refer to the weight and thickness of the printing paper. Higher GSM values indicate a heavier and thicker paper. Most paper brands will have multiple GSM alternatives.
Coating Coatings can be made from a variety of materials including china clay, starch, calcium carbonate and latex and are used to fill the pits in the surface of the paper. Coatings can change the texture of papers and its ink-holding properties. Some coatings, such as plastic or heavy clay, can make paper more difficult to recycle and therefore it can become waste.
Colours Printing papers are available in a range of colours and/or white.
Stock Available Printing papers come in a range of sizes and stock available describes the dimensions of each sheet.
FinishThe apparent smoothness or roughness when handling or visually appraising the paper is described as ‘finish’. Roughness is a key property describing the texture. Low roughness paper (that is, a smoother paper) allows for finer details in printing, while high roughness paper has a tactile quality.64
The finish of papers is often measured by an air flow method, usually either the Bendtsen or Sheffield methods. Air leakage instruments measure the amount of air escaping under a
64 http://www.dalton.com.au/tips-tricks_detail.aspx?view=14 (last accessed 15/7/2008)
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Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper ��
precision seal pressed against the paper surface.65 If the surface is rough, more air escapes and a higher Bendtsen or Sheffield number is obtained.66 The higher the number the rougher the sheet.
Lehmann is a method of gloss measurement and generally used for coated papers.
Parker Print Surf (PPS) is a measurement of the smoothness of a surface. A lower value indicates a smoother surface. It is used for very smooth papers where a finer degree of distinction between smoothness levels is required than that provided by the Bendsten or Sheffield measures.
Printing papers can also be described as dull, matt, gloss or semi-gloss, satin or silk.
WhitenessThe Centre Internationale d’Eclairage (CIE), based in Austria, has developed an internationally recognised standard of paper brightness known as CIE whiteness. The higher the score, the whiter the paper. Recycled content papers were traditionally off-white with a lower CIE whiteness than virgin paper, however new advances in the manufacture of recycled papers have seen an improvement in the relative whiteness of many brands.
While whiteness may be a purchasing factor, it’s important to remember that it’s an aesthetic consideration and not an indicator of performance.
Optical brightening agentsOptical brightening agents are chemicals that increase the amount of blue light reflected, thus making the paper seem whiter. They can be used in addition to or as an alternative to bleach. Optical brightening agents are difficult to break down, both in water purification systems and biologically in aquatic systems, and have impacts on human health and the environment. They are not biodegradable67, may cause allergic reactions in people and are toxic to aquatic life.
Bleaching process and agentsBleaching agents are used in both the virgin and recycled paper pulping process for delignification (which improves the paper’s lifespan), brightening and stripping of coloured dyes. The chlorine and other chemicals used have environmental impacts.
In the past, the paper industry used elemental chlorine combined with small amounts of chlorine dioxide as the bleaching agent.68 Elemental chlorine has now been determined to be the source of highly chlorinated organic compounds (dioxins), which are toxic to animal and human health and are considered a probable human carcinogen.
Today, most printing papers are manufactured without elemental chlorine and are described as:
Totally Chlorine Free (TCF) – virgin pulp (not recycled) that has been bleached with no chlorine compounds. Bleaching agents used include oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.
Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) – pulp bleached without elemental chlorine gas but still using chlorine compounds. ECF usually refers to chlorine dioxide. Toxic by-products are reduced by ECF, they are not eliminated.
65 http://www.lorentzen-wettre.com/qt/rmor.cfm?vol=81&file=8103.cfm&sx=066 http://www.dalton.com.au/tips-tricks_detail.aspx?view=1467 European Commission (2008) ‘Copying and Graphic Paper’68 www.sustainableforestprods.org/node/27
Recycled content paper brands 4
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper��
Processed Chlorine Free (PCF) – recycled fibres that are not re-bleached with chlorine compounds.
It’s preferable to choose paper that is TCF or PCF as no chlorine is used in the process.
Archival properties
Acid free
Acid free paper has a neutral or basic pH of 7 or slightly greater, meaning it is more suitable for archiving than acidic paper. Alkaline papers are preferable to acidic papers as they maintain quality over time and are suitable for long-term storage.
The International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) has developed a standard for papers which provides controls on paper specifications to assist with providing paper ‘permanence’. ISO 9706:1994 (Paper for documents – Requirements for permanence) requires papers to have a pH between 7.5 and 10.0 and an alkali reserve (calcium carbonate equivalent) of 2%.69
Lignin free
Lignin is an organic substance that, with cellulose, forms the chief part of woody tissue – that is, it is the bonding element that holds wood fibres together. Lignin free refers to paper made with less than 1% lignin, and is most accurately called low lignin. Papers having a high lignin content should not be used for archival applications as its presence causes paper to change colour and become brittle over time. Newspaper is manufactured using the mechanical pulping process, and therefore it has high lignin content.
The standard ISO 9706:1994 (Paper for documents – requirements for permanence) limits the inclusion of lignin and other materials that oxidise and therefore weaken the paper.70
Recommended years
Many recycled papers are not recommended for archival purposes because the history of the recycled fibre that has gone into the manufacture of the paper is often unknown. Without a guarantee that all fibre in the paper is of archival quality, the manufacturers will not guarantee paper for archival use. However manufacturers often do recommend their paper for a specific number of years, either based on a certain standard or individual recommendations.
Information has been provided by some manufacturers according to the requirements of a range of standards used internationally, including:
DIN 6738 (Paper and board: lifespan classes71) describes four levels of lifespan (i.e permanent, several hundred years, at least 100 years or at least 50 years)
ANSI Z39.48-1992 (a standard developed in the US) aims to establish criteria for coated and uncoated paper that will last several hundred years, under normal use and storage conditions in libraries and archives
ISO 9706:1994 (Paper for documents – requirements for permanence) requires paper to meet certain test values in order to be classified as suitable for use in a ‘long-life document’.
Other manufacturers describe the number of recommended years in generic terms (e.g they use the word ‘archival’).
69 www.standards.com.au 70 www.standards.com.au 71 http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/byorg/abbey/ap/ap07/ap07-2/ap07-202.html
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4 Recycled content paper brands
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper ��
Printing suitabilityPrinting suitability refers to the manufacturer’s recommended applications for the paper, i.e. laser, offset or digital printing.
Environmental characteristics of recycled content papers Table 2 presents the environmental characteristics relating to the paper fibres and the environmental credentials of the recycled content paper products and their manufacture. It examines:
Country of manufactureThe country of manufacture refers to the area where the paper was manufactured, not necessarily where the fibre was sourced.
Recycled fibre
Recycled Fibre %
Printing paper can be manufactured from fibres recovered from pre- and post-consumer waste streams. The remaining proportion of fibre is sourced from virgin fibres, which is usually wood from forests or plantations, and in some cases, other alternative fibres such as grass, cotton, sugar cane or hemp.
Details about the recycled fibre is provided in terms of the overall percentage of recycled content, and the proportions of recycled fibre sourced from pre- or post-consumer waste streams, where known. Some manufacturers are not able to distinguish the proportion of pre- and post-consumer waste materials in purchased pulp. (See Section 3 for more on pre- and post-consumer waste.)
Country of origin and source of fibres
The waste stream or source of fibres is also provided. For example, whether the paper was sourced from offices, locally, or household collections, and the country of origin for the recovered fibre.
Virgin fibre sourceDetails about virgin fibre is provided in terms of country of origin and type.
New or virgin fibres in papers with recycled content help ensure the quality of the paper and reduce the potential impact of weaker, recycled fibres.
Environmental labels and certifications Paper labelling and certifications provide additional information regarding a product’s environmental credentials. See Section 2 for more information.
Certification of virgin fibre
Virgin paper may be awarded with labels or certifications that provide evidence that the virgin fibre source is managed sustainably according to relevant standards. This includes PEFC and FSC certifications.
Recycled content paper brands 4
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper��
Independent verification of recycled content claims
To boost consumer confidence, companies are seeking independent verification of their environmental claims. Paper manufacturers and importers providing information for this guide were asked to report if the claims for the recycled content papers (i.e. the recycled content) are independently verified – this is most commonly achieved through eco-labelling schemes.
Environmental credentials of mills
Consumers are now looking beyond the individual characteristics of products to manufacturers’ overall environmental performance and the outputs of the manufacturing process. Therefore, manufacturers were asked to report if the mill has an EMS currently accredited, or recognised by a third party. The most common accreditation for mills are ISO14001, EMAS or FSC COC.
Many European mills must comply with the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive, which minimises pollution from various industrial sources throughout the EU.72
Environmental labels
Environmental labelling is one way to increase consumer confidence in the environmental claims made by manufacturers. Some imported products carry internationally accredited environmental labels and some local products carry Australian labels. Environmental labels can be specific to one aspect of the product e.g. a ‘recycled’ label may indicate a product has recycled content. Other labels may indicate the product manufacture meets environmental standards.
72 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pollutants/stationary/ippc/summary.htm
4 Recycled content paper brands
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper ��
Tabl
e 1
– Sp
ecifi
catio
ns o
f rec
ycle
d co
nten
t pap
ers
Refe
r to
page
s 22
-25
for e
xpla
natio
ns o
f the
abb
revi
atio
ns a
nd te
rmin
olog
y us
ed.
Pape
r na
me
GSM
Coat
edCo
lour
s av
aila
ble
Stoc
k av
aila
ble
(mm
)
Fini
shW
hite
ness
CIE
Optic
al
brig
hten
ing
agen
ts
Blea
chin
gAr
chiv
al p
rope
rtie
sPr
intin
g su
itabi
lity
Proc
ess
Agen
tAc
id
free
Lign
in
free
Reco
mm
ende
d ye
ars
9live
s80
115,
130,
150,
170,
250,
300,
350,
Yes
Whit
e45
5x65
0 635
x880
65
0x91
0 910
x650
72
0x10
20
Glos
s, Sil
kInf
ormati
on no
t av
ailab
le Ye
sEC
FInf
ormati
on no
t av
ailab
leYe
sYe
sInf
ormati
on no
t av
ailab
leOff
set li
thog
raphy
, let
terpre
ss
Bank
sia
Smoo
th10
0-26
0No
Whit
e, Ivo
ry65
0x91
0 70
0x10
0085
(S
heffie
ld)13
4Ye
sPC
F/ EC
FSo
dium
hypo
chlor
ite
/ chlo
rine
dioxid
e
Yes
Yes
>30
0Ar
chiva
lISO
9706
Offse
t, las
er, di
gital
Camb
ric
Linen
90, 1
04,
118,
216,
27
1
NoFro
st, Be
et,
Gree
nbrie
r, Blaz
er Blu
e, Ne
w Bla
ck
450x
640 6
35x9
65
660x
1016
Linen
N/A
Yes (
light
colou
rs on
ly)EC
F (lig
ht co
lours
only)
PCF (
colou
rs on
ly)
Inform
ation
not
avail
able
Yes
Yes
>10
0AN
SI z3
9.48
Copie
rs, la
ser, i
nkjet
, dig
ital, o
ffset
Conc
ept
Vellu
m90
, 104
, 11
8, 21
6, 27
1, 35
2
NoSa
ndsto
ne, D
esert
Ha
ze, S
ea Sp
ray,
Glac
ier M
ist,
Ocea
n Mist
, Woo
d Sp
ice
450x
640 6
35x9
65
660x
1016
Vellu
mN/
AYe
s (lig
ht co
lours
only)
ECF (
light
colou
rs on
ly)
PCF (
colou
rs on
ly)
Inform
ation
not
avail
able
Yes
Yes
>10
0AN
SI z3
9.48
Lase
r, ink
jet, o
ffset
Conq
ueror
Tex
ture –
FSC
Recy
cled L
aid
100,
300
NoFre
sh W
hite
450x
640
700x
1000
Laid
122.8
2Ye
sEC
FInf
ormati
on no
t av
ailab
leYe
sYe
s>
100
ISO 97
06La
ser, i
nkjet
, offs
et
Conq
ueror
Sm
ooth
– FS
C Re
cycle
d W
ove
100,
300
NoFre
sh W
hite
450x
640
700x
1000
Wov
e12
2.82
Yes
ECF
Inform
ation
not
avail
able
Yes
Yes
>10
0ISO
9706
Lase
r, ink
jet, o
ffset
Curio
us
Parti
cles
100,
250
NoAq
ua,
Moon
light,
Sa
nd, S
now
450x
640
700x
1000
550 (
100
gsm)
1100
(250
gs
m)
(Ben
dtse
n)
100.4
7Ye
sEC
FInf
ormati
on no
t av
ailab
leYe
sYe
s10
0 IS0
9706
Offse
t lith
ograp
hy,
letter
press,
blind
em
bossi
ng, s
ilk
scree
ning
Cyclu
s Offs
et80
-300
NoW
hite
455x
650
650x
910
720x
1020
210-
270
(Ben
dtse
n)95
NoPC
FHy
droge
n pe
roxide
Yes
Yes
>20
0Pe
rman
ent
DIN 67
38
Offse
t, las
er, di
gital
4Recycled content paper brands
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Tabl
e 1
– Sp
ecifi
catio
ns o
f rec
ycle
d co
nten
t pap
ers
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inue
d
Pape
r na
me
GSM
Coat
edCo
lour
s av
aila
ble
Stoc
k av
aila
ble
(mm
)
Fini
shW
hite
ness
CIE
Optic
al
brig
hten
ing
agen
ts
Blea
chin
gAr
chiv
al p
rope
rtie
sPr
intin
g su
itabi
lity
Proc
ess
Agen
tAc
id
free
Lign
in
free
Reco
mm
ende
d ye
ars
Cyclu
s Prin
t11
5-35
0Ye
sW
hite
650x
910
720x
1020
12
(Lehm
ann,
Glos
s)
89No
PCF
Hydro
gen
perox
ideYe
sYe
s>
200
Perm
anen
tDIN
6738
Offse
t
EcoS
tar80
-350
NoW
hite
455x
650
650x
910
720x
1020
76
0x10
20
215-
350
(Ben
dtse
n)15
0No
PCF
Hydro
gen
perox
ide
/ sod
ium
hydro
sulfit
e
Yes
Yes
>30
0Ar
chiva
lISO
9706
Offse
t, las
er, di
gital
ENVI
50/5
0 Un
coate
d Re
cycle
d Ca
rbon
Ne
utral
80, 9
0, 10
0, 12
0, 14
0
NoW
hite
455x
650
650x
910
150
(She
ffield)
140
Yes
PCF/
ECF
Form
amidi
ne
sulfin
ic ac
id / h
ydrog
en
perox
ide
/ ch
lorine
dio
xide
Yes
NoSe
veral
hund
redPe
rman
ent
DIN 67
38
Offse
t, las
er
ENVI
Coate
d Re
cycle
d Ca
rbon
Ne
utral
115,
130,
150,
170
Yes
Whit
e45
5x65
0 65
0x91
01.5
PPS-
1011
8Ye
sPC
F/EC
FFo
rmam
idine
su
lfinic
acid,
/ h
ydrog
en
perox
ide
/ ch
lorine
dio
xide
Yes
NoSe
veral
hund
redPe
rman
ent
DIN 67
38
Offse
t
Envir
o Glos
s &
Silk
130,
170,
200,
250,
300,
350
Yes
Whit
e32
0x45
0Hi
-Glos
s, Sa
tinInf
ormati
on no
t av
ailab
leYe
sEC
FInf
ormati
on no
t av
ailab
leYe
sYe
sInf
ormati
on no
t av
ailab
leOff
set, d
igital
, HP
indigo
certi
fied
Envir
ocare
10
0%
Recy
cled
70, 8
0, 90
, 100
, 11
5, 13
5, 15
0, 25
0
NoW
hite
455x
650
650x
910
700x
1000
Unco
ated
90No
PCF
Form
amad
ine
sulfu
nic ac
idYe
sYe
s>
100
DIN 67
38
ISO 97
06
Offse
t, las
er (8
0, 90
an
d 100
gsm
only)
Envir
onme
nt 10
4, 11
8, 14
8, 27
0, 32
4
NoW
hite
450x
640
640x
900
660x
1016
Smoo
th13
3.79
Yes
PCF
Inform
ation
not
avail
able
Yes
Yes
Seve
ral hu
ndred
AN
SI z3
9.48
ISO 97
06
Lette
rpres
s, fle
xogra
phy,
engra
ving,
therm
ograp
hy,
gravu
re, off
set
lithog
raphy
, and
scr
een p
rintin
g
4 Recycled content paper brands
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper ��
Pape
r na
me
GSM
Coat
edCo
lour
s av
aila
ble
Stoc
k av
aila
ble
(mm
)
Fini
shW
hite
ness
CIE
Optic
al
brig
hten
ing
agen
ts
Blea
chin
gAr
chiv
al p
rope
rtie
sPr
intin
g su
itabi
lity
Proc
ess
Agen
tAc
id
free
Lign
in
free
Reco
mm
ende
d ye
ars
Expre
ssion
90, 1
04,
118,
148,
176,
216,
271,
352
NoAl
abas
ter, A
ster,
Euca
lyptus
, Lo
tus, P
rairie
, Sn
ow
450x
640
650x
910
635x
965
660x
1016
Smoo
thN/
AYe
s (lig
ht co
lours
only)
ECF (
light
colou
rs on
ly)PC
F
Inform
ation
not
avail
able
Yes
Yes
>10
0AN
SI z3
9.48
Lase
r, ink
jet, o
ffset
Freeli
fe10
0, 12
0, 14
0, 21
5, 32
0
NoW
hite,
Cream
650x
910
700x
1000
Smoo
th,
Felt,
Vellu
mInf
ormati
on no
t av
ailab
leNo
ECF
Inform
ation
not
avail
able
Yes
Yes
>10
0Inf
ormati
on no
t av
ailab
le
Keay
kolou
r Re
cycle
d10
0, 25
0, 40
0No
Chaff
, Cha
lk,
Hone
y, Lim
eston
e, Ma
y, Sh
ale
450x
640
700x
1000
Smoo
thCh
alk 82
.5Ye
sEC
FInf
ormati
on no
t av
ailab
leYe
sYe
s>
100
ISO 97
06La
ser, i
nkjet
(100
gsm
only)
Mega
Re
cycle
d FSC
100,
115,
130,
150,
170,
200,
250,
300,
350
Yes
Whit
e45
5x65
0 65
0x91
0 72
0x10
20
Glos
s, Silk
100 -
127
Yes
PCF /
ECF
Oxyg
en /
hydro
gen
perox
ide
/ chlo
rine
dioxid
e
Yes
Yes
>10
0ISO
9706
Offse
t, digi
tal
Moha
wk
Optio
ns PC
10
0
104-
352
NoW
hite
910x
650
635x
965
660x
1016
70
(She
ffield)
150
Yes
PCF
None
Ye
sYe
s>
300
Arch
ival
ISO 97
06
Offse
t, las
er, di
gital
Monz
a Re
cycle
d90
, 100
, 11
5, 13
0, 15
0, 17
0, 20
0, 22
0, 25
0, 30
0, 35
0, 40
0
Yes
Whit
e45
5x65
0 63
5x88
0 65
0x91
0 91
0x65
0 72
0x10
20
1020
x720
76
0x10
20
Hi-G
loss,
Satin
Inform
ation
not
avail
able
Yes
ECF
Inform
ation
not
avail
able
Yes
Yes
Inform
ation
not
avail
able
Offse
t lith
ograp
hy,
letter
press
Nava
jo90
-432
NoW
hite
910x
650
635x
965
660x
1016
45
(She
ffield)
160
Yes
PCF/
ECF
Oxyg
en /
hy
droge
n pe
roxide
/
chlor
ine
dioxid
e
Yes
Yes
>30
0Ar
chiva
lISO
9706
Offse
t, las
er dig
ital
4Recycled content paper brands
Tabl
e 1
– Sp
ecifi
catio
ns o
f rec
ycle
d co
nten
t pap
ers
cont
inue
d
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper�0
Pape
r na
me
GSM
Coat
edCo
lour
s av
aila
ble
Stoc
k av
aila
ble
(mm
)
Fini
shW
hite
ness
CIE
Optic
al
brig
hten
ing
agen
ts
Blea
chin
gAr
chiv
al p
rope
rtie
sPr
intin
g su
itabi
lity
Proc
ess
Agen
tAc
id
free
Lign
in
free
Reco
mm
ende
d ye
ars
Neen
ah
Colum
ns
100%
Re
cycle
d
90, 1
18,
216,
324
NoBr
ight W
hite,
Natur
al W
hite
640x
900
700x
1000
66
0x10
16
250-
350
(Ben
dtse
n)12
6.31 a
nd
50.2
Yes
PCF
Inform
ation
not
avail
able
Yes
Yes
Seve
ral hu
ndred
AN
SI z3
9.48
ISO 97
06
Lette
rpres
s, fle
xogra
phy,
engra
ving,
therm
ograp
hy,
gravu
re, off
set
lithog
raphy
, and
scr
een p
rintin
g
Neen
ah
Colum
ns
Recy
cled
Colou
rs
216
NoEm
peror
, Epic
Bla
ck, In
digo,
Red P
eppe
r
660x
1016
70
0x10
0025
0-35
0 (B
endt
sen)
N/A
Yes
ECF
Inform
ation
not
avail
able
Yes
Yes
Seve
ral hu
ndred
AN
SI z3
9.48
ISO 97
06
Lette
rpres
s, fle
xogra
phy,
engra
ving,
therm
ograp
hy,
gravu
re, off
set
lithog
raphy
, and
scr
een p
rintin
g
Onyx
100,
135,
170,
300
NoQu
artz W
hite,
Cream
650x
910
Smoo
th: 9
0 (S
heffie
ld)Ve
llum:
160
(She
ffield)
140
Yes
ECF
Form
amad
ine
sulfu
nic ac
id
/ hy
droge
n pe
roxide
/
chlor
ine
dioxid
e
Yes
Yes
Seve
ral hu
ndred
Perm
anen
tDIN
6738
Offse
t
ReAr
t 100
%
Recy
cled
Glos
s (Tex
t)
105,
128,
157
Yes
Whit
e45
5x65
0 65
0x91
0 72
0x10
20
Glos
sW
hite
NoPC
FOx
ygen
Yes
Yes
100
Offse
t, digi
tal,
water
less
ReAr
t 100
%
Recy
cled
Glos
s (Bo
ard)
190,
230,
310
Yes
Whit
e45
5x65
0 65
0x91
0 72
0x10
20
Glos
sW
hite
NoEC
FCh
lorine
dio
xide
Yes
Yes
100
Offse
t, digi
tal,
water
less
ReAr
t 100
%
Recy
cled
Matt
105,
128,
157
Yes
Whit
e45
5x65
0 65
0x91
0 72
0x10
20
Matt
Whit
eNo
PCF
Oxyg
enYe
sYe
s10
0Off
set, d
igital
, wa
terles
s
RePri
nt 10
0%
Recy
cled
80,10
5, 12
8,157
Yes
Whit
e45
5x65
0 65
0x91
0 72
0x10
20
Smoo
thW
hite
NoPC
FOx
ygen
Yes
Yes
100
Offse
t, digi
tal,
water
less, l
aser
Tabl
e 1
– Sp
ecifi
catio
ns o
f rec
ycle
d co
nten
t pap
ers
cont
inue
d4 Recycled content paper brands
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper ��
Pape
r na
me
GSM
Coat
edCo
lour
s av
aila
ble
Stoc
k av
aila
ble
(mm
)
Fini
shW
hite
ness
CIE
Optic
al
brig
hten
ing
agen
ts
Blea
chin
gAr
chiv
al p
rope
rtie
sPr
intin
g su
itabi
lity
Proc
ess
Agen
tAc
id
free
Lign
in
free
Reco
mm
ende
d ye
ars
Recy
cled
100%
80, 1
00,
115,
140,
300
NoW
hite
320x
450 6
50x9
1020
0 and
270
(3
00 gs
m)
(She
ffield)
122
Yes
PCF
Form
amad
ine
sulfu
nic ac
id / h
ydrog
en
perox
ide
Yes
Yes
Seve
ral hu
ndred
Perm
anen
tDIN
6738
Offse
t. La
ser c
ompa
tible
in 80
, 10
0, 11
5 gsm
Reviv
e Crea
tive
100,
120,
140,
220
300
NoW
hite
650x
910 9
20X6
6018
0 (S
heffie
ld)11
9Ye
sEC
FFo
rmam
adine
su
lfunic
acid
/ hyd
rogen
pe
roxide
/
chlor
ine di
oxide
Yes
Yes
Seve
ral hu
ndred
Perm
anen
tDIN
6738
Offse
t, las
er, in
kjet
Reviv
e Flec
k11
0, 22
0No
Rang
e of s
hade
s65
0x91
021
5 (S
heffie
ld)N/
AYe
sPC
F/EC
FFo
rmam
adine
su
lfunic
acid
/ hyd
rogen
pe
roxide
/
chlor
ine di
oxide
Yes
Yes
Seve
ral hu
ndred
Perm
anen
tDIN
6738
Offse
t, las
er, in
kjet
Reviv
e Las
er80
, 90,
100,
110,
135,
300
NoW
hite
650x
910
455x
650
760x
1020
200
270
(300
gsm)
(She
ffield)
122
Yes
PCF
Form
amad
ine
sulfu
nic ac
id / h
ydrog
en
perox
ide
/ ch
lorine
dio
xide
Yes
Yes
Seve
ral hu
ndred
Perm
anen
tDIN
6738
Offse
t, las
er
Reviv
e Silk
100,
115,
130,
150,
170
Yes
Whit
e45
5x65
0 65
0x91
0 72
0x10
20
1.5 PP
S-10
118
Yes
PCF/
ECF
Form
amad
ine
sulfu
nic ac
id / h
ydrog
en
perox
ide
/ ch
lorine
dio
xide
Yes
Yes
Seve
ral hu
ndred
Perm
anen
tDIN
6738
Offse
t
Reviv
e Silk
Co
ver
250,
300,
350
Yes
Whit
e91
0x65
0 72
0x10
2010
-30
(Ben
dtse
n)11
9Ye
sEC
FInf
ormati
on no
t av
ailab
leYe
sYe
sInf
ormati
on no
t av
ailab
leOff
set
Tabl
e 1
– Sp
ecifi
catio
ns o
f rec
ycle
d co
nten
t pap
ers
cont
inue
d
4Recycled content paper brands
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper��
Pape
r na
me
GSM
Coat
edCo
lour
s av
aila
ble
Stoc
k av
aila
ble
(mm
)
Fini
shW
hite
ness
CIE
Optic
al
brig
hten
ing
agen
ts
Blea
chin
gAr
chiv
al p
rope
rtie
sPr
intin
g su
itabi
lity
Proc
ess
Agen
tAc
id
free
Lign
in
free
Reco
mm
ende
d ye
ars
Starb
right
104,
118,
148,
270,
352
NoW
hite
650x
910
660x
1016
Smoo
th14
4.71
Yes
ECF
Inform
ation
not
avail
able
Yes
Yes
Seve
ral hu
ndred
AN
SI z3
9.48
ISO 97
06
Offse
t app
roved
for
digita
l tech
nolog
ies
includ
ing H
P Ind
igo.
Lase
r gua
rantee
d 10
1-11
8
Steph
en11
5, 14
0, 33
0No
Chille
d Whit
e, Sm
art W
hite,
Swiss
Whit
e, Sc
ramble
d W
hite,
Spicy
W
hite,
Dirty
Brown
, Dari
ng
Brown
650x
910
700x
1000
330
(She
ffield)
Up to
143
(Chille
d Whit
e)Ye
sPC
F/EC
FFo
rmam
adine
su
lfunic
acid
/ hyd
rogen
pe
roxide
/
chlor
ine
dioxid
e
Yes
Yes
Seve
ral hu
ndred
Pe
rman
ent
DIN 67
38
Offse
t, las
er
Tudo
r RP
100%
Re
cycle
d La
ser
80, 1
00,
115,
140,
210 3
00
NoW
hite
450x
650
910x
650
200
270 (
300
gsm)
(She
ffield)
122
Yes
PCF
ECF f
or 30
0 gs
m
Form
amad
ine
sulfu
nic ac
id / h
ydrog
en
perox
ide
Yes
Yes
Seve
ral hu
ndred
Perm
anen
tDIN
6738
Offse
t, las
er
Tudo
r RP
High
Whit
e Sm
ooth
100,
115,
140,
300
NoW
hite
650x
910
140
(She
ffield)
140
Yes
PCF
ECF f
or 30
0 gs
m
Form
amad
ine
sulfu
nic ac
id / h
ydrog
en
perox
ide
/ ch
lorine
dio
xide
Yes
Yes
Seve
ral hu
ndred
Perm
anen
tDIN
6738
Offse
t, las
er
Tudo
r RP
Kraft
115,
140,
300
NoBro
wn91
0x65
020
0 (S
heffie
ld)N/
AYe
sPC
FEC
F for
300
gsm
Form
amad
ine
sulfu
nic ac
id / c
hlorin
e dio
xide
Yes
Yes
Seve
ral hu
ndred
Perm
anen
tDIN
6738
Offse
t, las
er
Via10
4-27
0No
Whit
e and
co
lours
635x
965
660x
1016
Smoo
th 16
0 (S
heffie
ld)15
0 Ye
sPC
F/ EC
FOx
ygen
/ hy
droge
n pe
roxide
/
chlor
ine
dioxid
e
Yes
Yes
>30
0Ar
chiva
lISO
9706
Offse
t, las
er dig
ital
Tabl
e 1
– Sp
ecifi
catio
ns o
f rec
ycle
d co
nten
t pap
ers
cont
inue
dRecycled content paper brands4
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper ��
Tab
le 2
– E
nviro
nmen
tal c
hara
cter
istic
s of
recy
cled
con
tent
pap
ers
Refe
r to
page
s 25
-26
for e
xpla
natio
ns o
f the
abb
revi
atio
ns a
nd te
rmin
olog
y us
ed.
Pape
r nam
eCo
untr
y of
man
ufac
ture
Recy
cled
fibre
sour
ceVi
rgin
fibr
e sou
rce
Cert
ifica
tion
Recy
cled
fibre
co
nten
t (%
)Co
untr
y of
orig
inSo
urce
of f
ibre
sTy
peCo
untr
y of
orig
inCe
rtifi
catio
n of
virg
in
fibre
Verif
icatio
n of
recy
cled
cont
ent c
laim
s
Envi
ronm
enta
l cr
eden
tials
of
mill
s
Envi
ronm
enta
l la
bels
on
prod
uct
9live
s80
Italy
80%
recy
cled c
onten
tAl
l pos
t-con
sume
rFra
nce,
Cana
daW
aste
pape
r, new
spap
er,
maga
zine a
nd pr
inting
pro
ducts
, pac
kagin
g was
te,
best
white
was
te so
rted a
nd
de-in
ked
Planta
tions
and
fores
tBe
lgium
, Br
azil,
Cana
da,
Moroc
co,
Swed
en, U
SA
FSC,
PEFC
, SFI
FSC
ISO 14
001
FSC M
ixed S
ource
s, NA
PM
Bank
sia Sm
ooth
Austr
alia
25%
recy
cled c
onten
t8%
post-
cons
umer
17%
pre-
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umer
Austr
alia
Offse
t, prin
ting w
aste,
milk
ca
rtons
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t 50%
co
tton 2
5%Va
rious
PEFC
NoISO
1400
1No
Camb
ric Li
nen
USA
30%
recy
cled c
onten
tAl
l pos
t-con
sume
rUS
AInf
ormati
on no
t ava
ilable
Planta
tions
USA
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NoNo
FSC M
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recy
cled c
onten
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l pos
t-con
sume
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ormati
on no
t ava
ilable
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tions
USA
FSC
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lNo
FSC M
ixed S
ource
s, Gr
een S
eal
Conq
ueror
Textu
re –
FSC R
ecyc
led
Laid
UK25
% re
cycle
d con
tent
All p
ost-c
onsu
mer
UKDo
mesti
c, dis
tribu
tion,
retail
, and
indu
strial
sourc
esPla
ntatio
nsUK
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ISO 14
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ooth
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cycle
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e
UK25
% re
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tent
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mer
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mesti
c, dis
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tion,
retail
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indu
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esPla
ntatio
nsUK
FSC
FSC
ISO 14
001
FSC M
ixed S
ource
s
Curio
us Pa
rticle
sUK
75%
recy
cled c
onten
t35
% po
st-co
nsum
er 40
% pr
e-co
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er
Varie
s de
pend
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pplie
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ail, in
dustr
ial an
d de
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mming
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Planta
tions
Varie
s de
pend
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su
pplie
r
FSC
FSC
ISO 14
001
NAPM
Cyclu
s Offs
etDe
nmark
100%
recy
cled c
onten
tPre
- and
post-
cons
umer
Denm
arkOffi
ce, h
ouse
hold
and
printi
ng w
aste
N/A
N/A
N/A
Blue A
ngel
ISO 14
001,
EMAS
Nordi
c Swa
n, EU
Ec
olabe
l Flow
er,
Blue A
ngel
Cyclu
s Prin
tDe
nmark
100%
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cled c
onten
tPre
- and
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umer
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arkOffi
ce, h
ouse
hold
and
printi
ng w
aste
N/A
N/A
N/A
Blue A
ngel
ISO 14
001,
EMAS
Nordi
c Swa
n, EU
Ec
olabe
l Flow
er,
Blue A
ngel
EcoS
tarFra
nce
100%
recy
cled c
onten
tAl
l pos
t-con
sume
rFra
nce
Office
was
teN/
AN/
AN/
ANo
ISO 14
001
FSC R
ecyc
led
4Recycled content paper brands
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Pape
r nam
eCo
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y of
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ufac
ture
Recy
cled
fibre
sour
ceVi
rgin
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ifica
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Recy
cled
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nten
t (%
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Verif
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ronm
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Envi
ronm
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bels
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uct
ENVI
50/5
0 Un
coate
d Re
cycle
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al
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alia
50%
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cled c
onten
tPre
- and
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cons
umer
Franc
eW
aste
pape
r, new
spap
er,
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inting
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ting a
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conv
erting
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s and
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ste.
Regro
wth f
orest
and p
lantat
ions
Braz
il, Ch
ile,
Austr
alia a
nd
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Zeala
nd
PEFC
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001
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, Gree
nhou
se
Frien
dly™
ENVI
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d Re
cycle
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al
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alia
35%
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cled c
onten
tPre
- and
post-
cons
umer
Austr
alia
Was
te pa
per, n
ewsp
aper,
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gazin
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cts, p
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rowth
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il, Ch
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FS
CISO
1400
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FC, G
reenh
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o Glos
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cycle
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25%
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pre-
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umer
Franc
e, Ca
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Was
te pa
per, n
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Planta
tions
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fores
tBe
lgium
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azil,
Cana
da,
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co,
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SA
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001
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Re
cycle
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stria
100%
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onten
t75
% po
st-co
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% pr
e- co
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e75
% pr
inted
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t co
mpos
ed of
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and
lower
grade
s, 20%
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er gra
des (
partl
y unp
rinted
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rtly p
rinted
), 5%
own
waste
from
recyc
led pa
per
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ction
N/A
N/A
N/A
Blue A
ngel
ISO 14
001
Blue A
ngel
Award
, No
rdic S
wan,
EU
Ecola
bel F
lower
Envir
onme
ntUS
A10
0% re
cycle
d con
tent
All p
ost-c
onsu
mer
Inform
ation
no
t ava
ilable
Inform
ation
not a
vaila
bleN/
AN/
AN/
AFS
CNo
t cert
ified b
ut mi
ll is m
anag
ed to
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Gree
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l, FSC
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0% Re
cycle
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Expre
ssion
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cled c
onten
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l pos
t-con
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rUS
AInf
ormati
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t ava
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Planta
tions
USA
FSC
Gree
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FSC M
ixed S
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Freeli
feIta
ly40
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cycle
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tent
All p
ost-c
onsu
mer
Europ
ean
Union
Inform
ation
not a
vaila
blePla
ntatio
nsEu
rope,
USA,
Ca
nada
FSC
EU Ec
olabe
lISO
1400
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C Mixe
d Sou
rces,
NAPM
, EU
Ecola
bel
Flowe
r
Keay
kolou
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cycle
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25%
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cled c
onten
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l pos
t-con
sume
rUK
Dome
stic,
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butio
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ail, a
nd in
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ial so
urces
Planta
tions
USA
FSC
FSC
ISO 14
001
No
Recycled content paper brands4Ta
ble
2 –
Envi
ronm
enta
l cha
ract
eris
tics
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cycl
ed c
onte
nt p
aper
s c
ontin
ued
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Pape
r nam
eCo
untr
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man
ufac
ture
Recy
cled
fibre
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ceVi
rgin
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ifica
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ronm
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Recy
cled
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any
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cled c
onten
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l pos
t-con
sume
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Office
was
tePla
ntatio
nsSw
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ugua
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rman
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ain, B
razil,
Latvi
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1400
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rces
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wk Op
tions
PC
100
USA
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recy
cled c
onten
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l pos
t-con
sume
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AOffi
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aste
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N/A
N/A
Gree
n Sea
lNo
t cert
ified b
ut mi
ll is m
anag
ed to
ow
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l, Gree
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st-co
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e, Ca
nada
Was
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Planta
tions
and
fores
tBe
lgium
, Br
azil,
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da,
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co,
Swed
en, U
SA
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ISO 14
001
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ixed S
ource
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joUS
A20
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cycle
d con
tent
All p
ost-c
onsu
mer
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Office
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rest
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lNo
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cycle
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Inform
ation
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t ava
ilable
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l, FSC
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Re
cycle
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umer
30%
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Inform
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t ava
ilable
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vaila
blePla
ntatio
nsUS
A and
Ca
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NoInf
ormati
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t av
ailab
leNo
t cert
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ut mi
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anag
ed to
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Onyx
Austr
alia
100%
recy
cled c
onten
tPre
- and
post-
cons
umer
Austr
alia
Comm
ercial
and h
ouse
hold
sourc
es, in
cludin
g prin
ted
waste
s and
retur
ns fro
m th
e dis
tribu
tion c
hain
N/A
N/A
N/A
FSC
ISO 14
001
FSC R
ecyc
led
ReAr
t 100
%
Recy
cled G
loss
(Text)
Japan
100%
recy
cled c
onten
t90
% po
st-co
nsum
er 10
% pr
e-co
nsum
er
Japan
40%
mag
azine
, 30%
ne
wspri
nt, 20
% hi
gh-g
rade
pape
r, 10%
othe
r recy
cled
pape
r
N/A
N/A
N/A
Eco-
Mark
ISO 14
001
Eco-
Mark
Japan
Recycled content paper brands 4
Tabl
e 2
– En
viro
nmen
tal c
hara
cter
istic
s of
recy
cled
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tent
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ers
con
tinue
d
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Pape
r nam
eCo
untr
y of
man
ufac
ture
Recy
cled
fibre
sour
ceVi
rgin
fibr
e sou
rce
Cert
ifica
tion
Recy
cled
fibre
co
nten
t (%
)Co
untr
y of
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inSo
urce
of f
ibre
sTy
peCo
untr
y of
orig
inCe
rtifi
catio
n of
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in
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Verif
icatio
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cled
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laim
s
Envi
ronm
enta
l cr
eden
tials
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s
Envi
ronm
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bels
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ReAr
t 100
%
Recy
cled G
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rd)
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100%
recy
cled c
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t90
% po
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nsum
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% pr
e-co
nsum
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40%
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azine
, 30%
ne
wspri
nt, 20
% hi
gh-g
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pape
r, 10%
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cled
pape
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N/A
N/A
N/A
Eco-
Mark
ISO 14
001
Eco-
Mark
Japan
ReAr
t 100
%
Recy
cled
Matt
Jap
an10
0% re
cycle
d con
tent
90%
post-
cons
umer
10%
pre-
cons
umer
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40%
mag
azine
, 30%
ne
wspri
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% hi
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pape
r, 10%
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cled
pape
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N/A
N/A
N/A
Eco-
Mark
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Mark
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RePri
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0% Re
cycle
dJap
an10
0% re
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tent
90%
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cons
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10%
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umer
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40%
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, 30%
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wspri
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r, 10%
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cled
pape
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N/A
N/A
N/A
Eco-
Mark
ISO 14
001
Eco-
Mark
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Recy
cled 1
00%
Austr
alia
100%
recy
cled c
onten
t (7
0% fo
r 300
gsm)
Pre
- and
post-
cons
umer
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alia
Comm
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cludin
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ted
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ns fro
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tribu
tion c
hain
N/A
(Re-
growt
h for
est a
nd
planta
tions
for
300 g
sm)
N/A
(Braz
il, Ne
w Ze
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for
300 g
sm)
N/A
(PEF
C for
300
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FSC
ISO 14
001
FSC R
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led(FS
C Mixe
d Sou
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0 gsm
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Reviv
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tive
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alia
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onten
tPre
- and
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cons
umer
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hold
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ted
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ns fro
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Re-g
rowth
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tions
Braz
il, Ch
ile
and N
ew
Zeala
nd
PEFC
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ISO 14
001
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Reviv
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kAu
strali
a10
0% re
cycle
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tent
Pre- a
nd po
st-co
nsum
er
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alia
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ouse
hold
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hain
N/A
N/A
N/A
FSC
ISO 14
001
None
Reviv
e Las
erAu
strali
a10
0% re
cycle
d con
tent
(70%
for 3
00 gs
m)
Pre- a
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st-co
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alia
Comm
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ouse
hold
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es, in
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ted
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retur
ns fro
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e dis
tribu
tion c
hain
N/A
(Re-
growt
h for
est a
nd
planta
tions
for
300 g
sm)
N/A
(Braz
il, Ne
w Ze
aland
for
300 g
sm)
N/A
(PEF
C for
300
gsm)
FSC
ISO 14
001
FSC R
ecyc
led(FS
C Mixe
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rces
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0 gsm
)
Reviv
e Silk
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alia
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recy
cled c
onten
tPre
- and
post-
cons
umer
Austr
alia
Comm
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and h
ouse
hold
sourc
es, in
cludin
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ted
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e dis
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hain
Re-g
rowth
for
est a
nd
planta
tions
Braz
il, Ch
ile,
Austr
alia a
nd
New
Zeala
nd
PEFC
FSC
ISO 14
001
PEFC
Tabl
e 2
– En
viro
nmen
tal c
hara
cter
istic
s of
recy
cled
con
tent
pap
ers
con
tinue
d4 Recycled content paper brands
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Pape
r nam
eCo
untr
y of
man
ufac
ture
Recy
cled
fibre
sour
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rgin
fibr
e sou
rce
Cert
ifica
tion
Recy
cled
fibre
co
nten
t (%
)Co
untr
y of
orig
inSo
urce
of f
ibre
sTy
peCo
untr
y of
orig
inCe
rtifi
catio
n of
virg
in
fibre
Verif
icatio
n of
recy
cled
cont
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laim
s
Envi
ronm
enta
l cr
eden
tials
of
mill
s
Envi
ronm
enta
l la
bels
on
prod
uct
Reviv
e Silk
Cove
rIta
ly50
% re
cycle
d con
tent
25%
post-
cons
umer
25%
pre-
cons
umer
Franc
e, Ca
nada
Was
te pa
per, n
ewsp
aper,
ma
gazin
e and
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produ
cts, p
rintin
g &
conv
erting
trim
ming
s and
wa
ste
Planta
tions
and
fores
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lgium
, Br
azil,
Cana
da,
Moroc
co,
Swed
en, U
SA
FSC
FSC
ISO 14
001
FSC M
ixed S
ource
s
Starb
right
USA
50%
recy
cled c
onten
t30
% po
st-co
nsum
er 20
% pr
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nsum
er
Inform
ation
no
t ava
ilable
Inform
ation
not a
vaila
blePla
ntatio
nsInf
ormati
on
not a
vaila
bleInf
ormati
on no
t av
ailab
leInf
ormati
on no
t av
ailab
leNo
t cert
ified b
ut mi
ll is m
anag
ed to
ow
n env
ironm
ent
mana
geme
nt sy
stem.
No
Steph
enAu
strali
a50
% re
cycle
d con
tent
Pre- a
nd po
st-co
nsum
er
Austr
alia
Comm
ercial
and h
ouse
hold
sourc
es, in
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g prin
ted
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s and
retur
ns fro
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e dis
tribu
tion c
hain
Re-g
rowth
for
est a
nd
planta
tions
Braz
il, Ne
w Ze
aland
PEFC
FSC
ISO 14
001
FSC M
ixed S
ource
s
Tudo
r RP 1
00%
Re
cycle
d Las
erAu
strali
a10
0% re
cycle
d con
tent
(70%
for 3
00 gs
m)
Pre- a
nd po
st-co
nsum
er
Austr
alia
Comm
ercial
and h
ouse
hold
sourc
es, in
cludin
g prin
ted
waste
s and
retur
ns fro
m th
e dis
tribu
tion c
hain
N/A
(Re-
growt
h for
est a
nd
planta
tions
for
300 g
sm)
N/A
(Braz
il, Ne
w Ze
aland
for
300 g
sm)
N/A
(PEF
C for
300
gsm)
FSC
ISO 14
001
FSC R
ecyc
led(FS
C Mixe
d Sou
rces
for 30
0 gsm
)
Tudo
r RP H
igh
Whit
e Smo
othAu
strali
a10
0% re
cycle
d con
tent
(70%
for 3
00 gs
m)
Pre- a
nd po
st-co
nsum
er
Austr
alia
Comm
ercial
and h
ouse
hold
sourc
es, in
cludin
g prin
ted
waste
s and
retur
ns fro
m th
e dis
tribu
tion c
hain
N/A
(Re-
growt
h for
est a
nd
planta
tions
for
300 g
sm)
N/A
(Braz
il, Ne
w Ze
aland
for
300 g
sm)
N/A
(PEF
C for
300
gsm)
FSC
ISO 14
001
FSC R
ecyc
led(FS
C Mixe
d Sou
rces
for 30
0 gsm
)
Tudo
r RP K
raft
Austr
alia
100%
recy
cled c
onten
t (7
0% fo
r 300
gsm)
Pre
- and
post-
cons
umer
Austr
alia
Comm
ercial
and h
ouse
hold
sourc
es, in
cludin
g prin
ted
waste
s and
retur
ns fro
m th
e dis
tribu
tion c
hain
N/A
(Re-
growt
h for
est a
nd
planta
tions
for
300 g
sm)
N/A
(Braz
il, Ne
w Ze
aland
for
300 g
sm)
N/A
(PEF
C for
300
gsm)
FSC
ISO 14
001
FSC R
ecyc
led(FS
C Mixe
d Sou
rces
for 30
0 gsm
)
ViaUS
A30
% re
cycle
d con
tent
All p
ost-c
onsu
mer
USA
Office
was
teFo
rest
USA
SFI
Gree
n Sea
lNo
t cert
ified b
ut mi
ll is m
anag
ed to
ow
n EMS
Gree
n Sea
l, Gree
n-e
Tabl
e 2
– En
viro
nmen
tal c
hara
cter
istic
s of
recy
cled
con
tent
pap
ers
con
tinue
d
Recycled content paper brands 4
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper��
Section 5: Contacts and further information
Suppliers of recycled content printing papersThe following companies can either supply printing papers or direct you to your nearest outlet.
If you require stock samples, mock-ups, printed samples or technical advice, please contact the appropriate paper supplier.
Company name Contact details Papers available
CPI Papers P: 02 8863 1200 W: www.cpigroup.com.au
Banksia SmoothCyclus OffsetCyclus Print
Dalton Paper P: 02 8746 8200W: www.dalton.com.au E: epaper.nsw@dalton.com.au
ENVI 50/50 Uncoated Recycled Carbon Neutral ENVI Coated Recycled Carbon NeutralRevive SilkRevive Silk CoverRevive LaserRevive CreativeRevive Fleck
Edwards Dunlop Paper P: 02 8746 8600W: www.edpaper.com.au
Onyx
Focus Paper P: 02 9636 5720W: www.focuspaper.com.auE: orders@focuspaper.com.au
ReArt 100% Recycled Gloss (text)ReArt 100% Recycled Gloss (board)ReArt 100% Recycled MattRePrint 100% Recycled
K.W.Doggett Fine Paper P: 03 8470 2244W: www.kwdoggett.com.auE: cdoggett@kwdoggett.com
Cambric LinenConcept VellumConqueror Texture FSC – Recycled LaidConqueror Smooth FSC – Recycled WoveEnvirocare 100% RecycledExpression Keaykolour RecycledMega Recycled FSC
Longbottom Digital Papers P: 02 9709 3299W: www.longbottom.com.auE: sales@longbottom.com.au
Enviro Gloss & Silk Recycled 100%
Raleigh Paper P: 02 8746 8600 W: www.raleighpaper.com.au
EcoStarMohawk Options PC 100NavajoVia
5
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper ��
Company name Contact details Papers available
Spicers Paper P: 02 9735 2626W: www.spicerspaper.com.au
9lives80Conqueror Texture FSC – Recycled LaidConqueror Smooth FSC – Recycled Wove Curious ParticlesEnvironmentFreelifeMonza RecycledNeenah Columns 100% RecycledNeenah Columns Recycled ColoursStarbright StephenTudor RP High White SmoothTudor RP Kraft Tudor RP 100% Recycled Laser
Find out more
Australia
Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW (DECC)www.environment.nsw.gov.au
The DECC’s Sustainability Programs Division works in partnership with industry, governments and the community to implement state-wide and local programs. The NSW Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Strategy 2007 provides the framework and targets for waste reduction and better use of resources. The website provides access to tools, reports and other information.
Environmental Action for the Printing Industry NSW (DECC)www.environment.nsw.gov.au/sustainbus/printers.htm
Published as part of the DECC’s sustainable business programme, this guide is designed to provide operators in the printing industry with information about improving their environmental performance.
Printing Industries Association of Australia (PIAA)www.printnet.com.au
The Printing Industries Association of Australia (PIAA) is a member based organisation offering business services and industry development.
Australian Graphic Design Association (AGDA)www.agda.com.au
The Australian Graphic Design Association (AGDA) is Australia’s largest representative association of professional graphic designers and aims to facilitate the advancement of the graphic design profession in Australia.
5Contacts and further information
Courtesy of Heidelberg Australia
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper�0
Society for Responsible Design (SRD)www.green.net.au/srd/
The Society for Responsible Design (SRD) is a not-for-profit, volunteer run organisation. Its aim is to work towards a sustainable future through environmentally and socially responsible design practices.
Surface Coatings Association of Australia (SCAA)www.scaa.asn.au
The Surface Coatings Association Australia Inc. (SCAA) aims to further the understanding and development of surface coatings in Australia. Members are from diverse fields such as paint, printing ink, adhesives and cosmetics. Raw materials suppliers and end users are also represented.
Design for Sustainability Guide (DfS Guide)http://www.changedesign.org/DfSGuideWebsite/HomePage/Home.htm
The Design for Sustainability Guide (DfS Guide) helps designers gain insights into the ‘cultural agency of design’, that is, the ability of design to help shape the values, expectations, desires, habits and behaviours of people. Its main purpose is to develop your intuitive sense for sustainability and to encourage you to discover the potential of your design projects to contribute to more sustainable ways of living and working.
Paper Roundwww.paperround.com.au
The Australian Print and Paper Industries’ product stewardship initiative is dedicated to addressing concerns about sustainable paper outcomes. Its website provides news articles and resources on paper.
Australia Plantation Products and Paper Industry Council (A3P)www.a�p.asn.au
Australian Plantation Products and Paper Industry Council (A3P) is the peak national body for Australia’s plantation products and paper industry. A3P members employ more than 13,500 people in plantations, sawmills and paper manufacturing plants, mainly in rural and regional areas. A3P provides industry information on relevant issues, support and lobbying.
Australian Council of Recyclers (ACOR)www.acor.org.au
The Australian Council of Recyclers (ACOR) is Australia’s peak industry association representing companies involved in recovering secondary resources. ACOR’s mission is to maximise resource recovery and achieve the highest resource order of Australia’s secondary materials. The website provides information and answers to frequently asked questions regarding recycling materials.
Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) – green marketing and the Trade Practises Actwww.accc.gov.au/content/index.phtml/itemId/������
This Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) website provides a guide to ‘Green marketing and the Trade Practices Act’ with the aim of educating businesses about
5 Contacts and further information
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper ��
their obligations regarding environmental claims under the Trade Practices Act 1974. The information is useful for assessing the strength of environmental claims and their accuracy and usefulness to consumers.
ECO-Buywww.ecobuy.org.au
ECO-Buy Limited is a not-for-profit company established to encourage the purchasing of green products.
Good Environmental Choice Australia (GECA)www.aela.org.au
Good Environmental Choice Australia (GECA) is a non-profit organisation working to provide the Australian market with an independent environmental labelling system in line with international best practice standards. Its website provides information about sustainable procurement, the GECA label and sustainable living.
Sustainable Choicewww.lgsa-plus.net.au/sustainablechoice
Sustainable Choice – a sustainable procurement program for NSW local government – aims to increase the level of sustainable purchasing within the local government sector. The website also contains a sustainable products and services (including printing services) database that can be accessed by all internet users.
The Green Pages www.thegreenpages.com.au
This online eco-directory includes a wide range of products and services.
Commissioner for Environmental Sustainability Victoriawww.ces.vic.gov.au
This website contains a guide to choosing recycled paper.
Sustainability Victoriawww.sustainability.vic.gov.au
The Sustainability Victoria website provides a range of resources, publications and links to related sites to assist anyone wishing to implement a ‘buy recycled’ program.
Buy Recycled Business Alliance (BRBA)www.brba.com.au
The Buy Recycled Business Alliance (BRBA) is a non-profit organisation which promotes the purchase and use of recycled content products and materials through leadership by example, education and information, research and development and partnerships. The recently launched BRBA Recycled Product Directory includes a detailed listing of recycled content products (including some office papers) available in Australia.
Contacts and further information 5
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper��
International
International Paint and Printing Ink Council (IPPIC)www.ippic.org
The International Paint and Printing Ink Council (IPPIC) acts as a focal point for monitoring and communicating specified international issues; develops recommendations and analyses on selected issues of common interest to the participating organisations and attempts to derive a common position (in conjunction with the governing bodies of the respective participants); coordinates industry positions and communicates with other international organisations; and serves as a forum for open dialogue and exchange between the participating organisations on issues of common interest.
International Council of Graphic Design Associations (Icograda)www.icograda.org
Icograda, based in Canada, is the world body for professional communication design. Founded in 1963, it is a voluntary assembly of organisations concerned with graphic design, visual communication, design management, promotion, education, research and journalism. Icograda promotes communication designers’ vital role in society and commerce and unifies the voices of graphic designers and visual communicators worldwide.
Paper Profilewww.paperprofile.com
Paper Profile is a voluntary environmental product declaration scheme developed and provided by paper producers in Europe.
Recycled Paper Coalitionwww.papercoalition.org
The Recycled Paper Coalition in the USA is an innovative group of major organisations rethinking traditional business practices regarding office paper purchase and usage. Its website includes information/publications on paper related terminology and symbols, identifying the paper product for a buy recycled program, paper use reduction tips, how to cut costs while buying recycled, recycled paper coalition surveys and a recycled paper fact sheet.
Understanding the German paper standard, DIN 6738http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/byorg/abbey/ap/ap0�/ap0�-�/ap0�-�0�.html
This is an English translation of the paper standard DIN 6738, Papier und Karton: Lebensdauer-Klassen (Paper and Board: Lifespan Classes) April 1992, approved by the Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Standards Institute). This standard has four levels of lifespan (i.e permanent, several hundred years, at least 100 years, and at least 50 years).
New Zealand Business Council for Sustainable Developmentwww.nzbcsd.org.nz/paper/Paper_buying_guide.pdf
As well as useful information on paper and the environment, the New Zealand Business Council for Sustainable Development website has a downloadable guide ‘Which Paper?’ to help consumers select sustainable paper.
Contacts and further information5
Know your printing paper: a guide to purchasing recycled content printing paper ��
Contacts and further information
Invitation to contribute to updates of Know your printing paper We understand that the recycled content printing paper market is constantly evolving as new products become available and suppliers update paper stocks.
We welcome all feedback and information about new paper stocks and market trends to ensure this guide is an up-to-date and useful resource.
Name:
Title:
Company:
Address:
Phone:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
Stakeholder group: i.e. merchant, manufacturer, industry procurement, local or state government procurement, other
General description of the information you would like modified or added:
5
Please return a copy of this form to:
sustainability@environment.nsw.gov.au
Department of Environment and Climate Change (NSW)Level 2, 1 Fitzwilliam Street, Parramatta NSW 2150
PO Box 644, Parramatta NSW 2124
Phone: (02) 8837 6000 Fax: (02) 8837 6099
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