KINGDOM FUNGI - Napa Valley College · 4/21/2012 phylum chytridiomycota phylum zygomycota phylum ascomycota phylum basidiomycota basidiomycetes hymenomycetes …
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4/21/2012
PHYLUM CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA
PHYLUM ZYGOMYCOTA
PHYLUM ASCOMYCOTA
PHYLUM BASIDIOMYCOTABASIDIOMYCETES
HYMENOMYCETESGASTEROMYCETES
TELIOMYCETESUSTOMYCETES
Mycology- study of fungi Shelf fungi: BasidiomyceteYeast: Ascomycete
Rhizopus: Zygomycete
KINGDOM FUNGI
Allomyces: Chytrids
CHARACTERISTICS OF ALL FUNGI
MORE THAN 70,000 SPECIESHETEROTROPHIC THALLUS (LACK VASCULATURE)
PLANTTHEY LIVE EVERYWHERE!
MORE CLOSELY RELATED TO ANIMALS THAN PLANTS• CELL WALL: CHITIN• STORAGE MOLECULE: GLYCOGEN
ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTIVE MAINLY BY SPORES
PRINCIPLE DECOMPOSERS NECESSARY FOR CONTINUED LIFE
COMPOSITION: HYPHAE (ASEPTATE/SEPTATE)MYCELIUM
Amanita Muscaria
MITOSIS/MEIOSIS- NUCLEAR MEMBRANE STAYS INTACT
LIKE PLANTS: SESSILE NATURE
CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA: CHYTRIDS• ROUGHLY 790 SPECIES
• MOSTLY AQUATIC AND COENOCYTIC• BELIEVED TO HAVE EVOLVED FROM PROTISTS• ONLY PHYLUM WITH FAGELLATED-SPORES AND CENTRIOLES• ALTERATION OF GENERATIONS: SPORIC MEIOSIS
Allomycetes- Anisogamy gametangia Synchytriun endobioticum: Black wart of potatoes
CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA: CHYTRIDS
ZYGOMYCOTA• ROUGHLY 1,060 SPECIES• MOST SAPROPHYTIC, CAN BE PARASITIC • FORM SYMBIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS WITH PLANTS• RHIZOPUS AND CHOANEPHORA ARE DIFFERENT GENERA OF
ZYGOMYCETES THAT CAUSE DISEASE IN LIVING PLANT TISSUE.
Rhizopus Stolonifer choanephora cucurbitarum
Zygomycota
4/21/2012
ASCOMYCOTA• ROUGHLY 33,000 SPECIES• MANY PLANT PATHOGENS• MANY YEASTS • MOST OF THE LICHEN-FORMING FUNGAL SPECIES BELONG HERE• EITHER UNICELLULAR OR FILAMENTOUS GROWTH FORMS• SOME ARE HOMOTHALLIC AND OTHERS ARE HETEROTHALLIC
Tuber melanoeporum: TrufflesCaloplaca saxicola: lichens
ASCOMYCOTA
BASIDIOMYCOTA
• PHYLUM BASIDIOMYCOTA: 3 DIVISIONS• BASIDIOMYCETES
HYMENOMYCETES- SPORES PRODUCED ON SPECIAL VISIBLE HYMENIUM STRUCTURE
GASTEROMYCETES- HYMENIUM IS ENCLOSED UNTIL AFTER SPORES HAVE MATURED
Hymenomytes:Agaricus bisporusGastromycete: Crucibulum laeve
BASIDIOMYCOTA
• TELIOMYCETES: PLANTS PATHOGENS THAT FORM RUST ON LEAVES
• USTOMYCETES: PARASITES OF FLOWERING PLANTS
Teliomycetes: Puccinia graminis, Wheat rustUstomycetes: Ustilago maydis, Corn smut
BASIDIOMYCOTA
• Cultivated Mushroom Agaricus sp.
FUNGI
FACTS
Bioluminescent Fungi:Neonothopanus gardneri
Chernobyl Fungus Feeds On Radiation
•TOLYCLADIUM INFLATUM- CYCLOPORIN PRODUCTION PREVENTS REJECTION OF ORGAN TRANSPLANTS
• MANY IMPORTANT SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS LIKE THE FUNGUS “GARDENS” FOR ANTS
•ANTIBIOTICS- PENICILLIN
•MICORRHIZAL ASSOCIATIONS
•FOOD: WINE AND BEERCHEESE
BIOLUMINESCENT FUNGI NATIVE TO BRAZILCHERNOBYL FUNGI GROWTH WITH THE PRODUCTION MELANIN
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