Transcript
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KHNG SINH V KHNG CA VI KHUNVI KHNG SINH
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KHNG SINH ( ANTIBIOTICS)
1928
Fleming m t hin tngnhim nm penicilliumnotatum trn da cy tcu
1932
Domagktm ra sulfonamid
1940
penicillinc sn
xut vdng lnu
1944
Tm rastreptomycin
1948
Tm ratetracyclin
1952
Erythromycin
1960s
Cc KS Bntng hp
Cc mc tm ra cc cht khng sinh u ti
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PHT HIN KHNG SINH V S KHNG
KHNG SINH NM PHTHIN
NM AVO SDNG
PHT HIN KHNG
Penicillin 1928 1940Sulfonamid 1932 1936 -
Streptomycin 1944 1947 1947,1956Tetracyclin 1948 1952 1956Erythromycin 1952 1955 1956
Vancomycin 1956 1972 1987Gentamycin 1963 1967 1970Chloramphenicol - 1949 1953
Quinolone - 1962 -
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KHNG SINH NGUN GC Penicillin Penici ll ium notatum Polymyxin Bacil lus polymyxa Streptomycin Str eptomyces griseus Chlortetracycline (Aureomycin)
v Tetracycline
Str eptomyces aureofaciens
Erythromycin Str eptomyces erythraeus Bacitracin Bacil lus subtil is Gentamycin M icromonospora purpurea Chloramphenicol Streptomyces venezuelae Cephalothin Cephalosporium Sulfonamid Ha hc- Thuc nhum mu
vi si
Khng sinh v ngun gc vi sinh vt
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Cu Trc Ha Hoc Ca Peptodoglycan
C CH TC DNG CA PENICILLIN V CEPHALOPOR
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Cc khng sinh penicillin v cephalospin (beta-lactamin)
Tn khng sinh ngun gc Tc dng trn vikhun
V d
Cc penicillint nhin
Penicilliumnotatum
Cc vi khun Gramdng
PenicillinG
Cc penicillinbn tng hp
Bn tng hp Cc vi khun Gramdng v Gram m
AmpicillinAmoxicillin
Cc penicillin khngpenicillinase
Bn tng hp Vi khun Gramdng
MethicillinOxacillin
Monobactam Chromobacteriumviolaceum
Vi khun Gramdng v Gram m
Aztreonam
Carboxypenem Streptomycescattleya
Vi khun Gramdng v Gram m
Imipenem
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Cephalosporint nhin ( thh 1)
Cephalosporin Vi khun Gramdng
Cephalothin
Cephalosporinth h 2
Bn tng hp Vi khun Gramdng v Gramm
Cefuroxim,Cefotetan
Cephalosporinth h 3
Bn tng hp Vi khun Gramm v Gramdng
CefotaximCeftazidime
Cephalosporinth h 4
Bn tng hp Vi khun gramdng v Gramm
cepemine
Cc cephalosporin
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Tc dng trn vch t bo ca vi khu
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C Ch Tc Dng Ca Khng Sinh
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Polymyxin
Vch ca vi khun Gram m Vch ca vi khun Gram dng
c ch chc nng ca mng nguyn tngvi khun
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Cu to ca ribosome vi khun
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Cc kiu c ch tng hp protein ca vi khun
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Khng sinh Tetracyclin v Chloramphenicol
Tn khng sinh ngun gc Tc dng trn vikhun
Chloramphenicol Streptomycesvenezuelae
Gram dngGram mRickettsia
Tetracyclin Streptomyces Vi khun Gramdng,Gram m,
Rickettsia,ChlamydiaMycoplasma
Doxycyclin Bn tng hp Minocyclin Bn tng hp
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Khng sinh aminoglycosideTn khng sinh ngun gc Tc dng trn vi
khun
Streptomycin Str eptomyces griseus Gram dng,Gram m,
vi khun Lao Gentamycin M icromonospora purpurea Gram dng,
Gram mKanamycin Streptomyces
kanamyceticus Gram dng,
Gram m,vi khun Lao
Amikacin Bn tng hp Gram dng,Gram m
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Tn khng sinh ngun gc Tc dng trn vi khun Erythromycin Streptomyce
s erythreus
Vi khun Gram dng,
Campylobacter, HelicobacterVibrioAzithromycin Gram dng, Chlamydia
Mycoplasma pneumoniaClarithromycin
Khng sinh Macrolid
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Para-aminobenzoic acid
Dihydropteroic acid
Dihdrofolic acid
Tetrahydrofolic acid
PurinDNA, RNA
Dihydrofolatereductase
Trimethoprime
S ulfonamid
C ch tc dng ca cc sulfonamid
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Sulfonamid khnghp thu qua tiu ha
Sulfaguanidine Khng cn dng
Sulfonamid dng tonthn
SulfadiazineSulfamerazine
c ch cc vikhun Gramdng v gramm
Sulfonamid chm SulfamethoxazolSulfadoxin
Sulfonamid phi hp CotrimoxazolFansidar
Cc cht sulfonamid
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A.Bt hot thuc do enzym1. Penicillins & Cephalosporins - b-lactamases (penicillinases)2. Aminoglycosides - phosphorylation, adenylation, or acetylatio3. Chloramphenicol acetylation4. Macrolides - erythromycin esterase
Cc c ch khng c hiu
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B.Thay i tnh thm mng t bo : Gr ( ), Change in porins or transport proteins.- tetracyclines, b-lactams, aminoglycosides,quinolones
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C. Bm ngc thuc ra ngoi- tetracyclines,
- quinolones,- macrolides
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D. Thay i c quan ch trong t bo
1. Macrolides - methylation of 23S ribosomal RNA,blocking erythromycin binding
2. Aminoglycosides - altered protein in 30S ribosome
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F. Tng sn xut enzym ch 1. Sulfonamides - increased levels of dihydropteroate
synthetase
2. Trimethoprim - increased levels of DHFR
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Ngun gc khng thuc
1. khng thuc do tnh trng sinh l ca vi k
- Do vi khun trng thi sinh l khng pht tv nhn ln ( nha bo,
- Vi khun ng trong t bo ( vi khun lao) 2. khng thuc mc phi
- Do t bin nhim sc th - Do tip nhn plasmid khng thuc
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Phng thc ly truyn tnh khng thu Qua c ch giao phi (thng lin h n plasmid
Yu t lm tng kh nng ly nhim gen khng thuS c mt ca on gen nhy ( transposon)
S c mt ca ca on gen chn (inserted elements)
http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week7/20f/Slide4.gifhttp://ridge.icu.ac.jp/biobk/71241jwa.jpg8/10/2019 KHNG SINH V KHNG.ppt
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Q h bi
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Qua c ch bi n np
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Qua c ch ti np do phage
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