Key issues in non-formal education

04/12/2023

KEY ISSUES TO BE CONSIDERED IN NON-FORMAL

EDUCATION

LOVELEIH G. QUEMADO, MaED

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The Philippines as the “Pearl of the Orient” has an illiteracy rate

which is almost equal to Australia’s total population.

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The Philippines as the “Pearl of the Orient” had an illiteracy rate which is almost equal to other

country’s total population.

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Empowerment through Non-formal education

Non-formal education in the Philippines has been practiced because it has been believed to respond to the literacy and numeracy needs of learners from any stages of life.

Non-formal education means essential form of systematic learning as a response to illiteracy problems among learners from 10 to 64 years old.

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SY 06-07 8.18 49.17 38.72 3.92

SY 07-08 3.67 41.7 49.08 5.53 0.01

Low MasteryAverage Mastery

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Data on NFE learning impact

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What are the key issues that need to be considered?

First issue is Learners’ Literacy

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Literacy Situation

Philippine Education For All (EFA) 2015National Action Plan

57.6

42.4illiterateliterate

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Literacy Situation

Illiterate population is composed of adults, out-of-school youths and women, of which women compose the majority

Women have the right to be empowered Evidence shows that when given the

appropriate functional literacy services, they develop skills for employment and attain better health and promote their socio-economic status

Why many fail to participate in NFE opportunities?

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Attendance in Non-Formal Training

Of the 51 million population 15 years old and over, only 19 percent (9.7 million) have attended a livelihood adult literacy program or non-formal training.

Non-formal training includes basic literacy, functional literacy, livelihood training, basic vocational training, citizenship training, values development and leadership training.

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Factors to be considered

People in who are multi-lingual found it difficult to understand the English language

Indigenous people in some parts of the Philippines who regard education as least priority due to cultural and traditional practices

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Actual Condition

Poor people in rural and slum dwelling areas who need to work over day just to suffice their basic needs

People want to pursue education but have no financial capacity to sustain it.

Is that what they really need?

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Theoretical considerations

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Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

• This theory represents the person’s needs portrayed in the shape of a pyramid with the largest needs at the bottom, and the need for self-actualization at the top.

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• The facts about learners’ literacy and the reality of their situation is a big factor to be well thought-out in designing NFE programs.

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• Do you think that the learners’ situation can help you create the most effective strategies?

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What are the key issues that need to be considered?

• expand your creativityfunctional fixness.pptx

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What are the key issues that need to be considered?

• The second issue is Innovative strategies

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Innovative strategies

• multi-media approach (television, radio, newspaper, billboards and posters) that will make sense with the learners’ interest

• printed learning materials like booklets and modules where lessons are provided for those who can read independently

• tutorial system which serves as reinforcing elements to help learners help themselves

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Multiple intelligences of learners

The idea that intelligences transcend beyond the traditional scope of learning is a significant factor that educators must consider when designing and implementing curriculum.

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Multiple intelligences of learners

You learn in your own unique way.

Howard Gardner defines intelligence as “the capacity to solve problems or to fashion products that are valued in one or more cultural setting.”

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Innovative strategies

• Reward system?

• Skinner’s reinforcement theory argues that a person’s positive behaviour is likely increased when positively reinforced.

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What are the key issues that need to be considered?

• The third key issues is organisational goals and objectives.

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Goal of Basic Education:Make every Filipino functionally literate.

EFA 2005-2015

BESRA2005-2010

MTPDP2004-2010

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Organisational Programs and objectives

• MTPDP- Medium Term Development Plan

Goal: “ To improve quality of life for every Filipino through people empowerment”.

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Organisational Programs and objectives

• BESRA- Basic Education Sector Reform Agenda for 2006 to 2010 is a program of the Department of Education (DepED).

• It aims to attain and sustain better performance in basic education of public schools.

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Organisational Programs and objectives

N.B. The 2009 program will be administered this October to all interested out-of-school youths and adults. This test has always been free of charge.

• The Philippine Education For All (EFA) 2015 Plan is a vision and a holistic program of reforms that aims at improving the quality of basic education for every Filipino by 2015.

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Functional Literacy (FL) means that all individuals should possess a complete range of skills and competencies, i.e., cognitive, affective and behavioral, which would enable them to:

Live and work as human person.

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CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN (CEDAW)

The Philippines is legally bound to observe the provisions of CEDAW.

Women should have equal rights with men in terms of education.

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The practices on non-formal education is being continued, however, it is clear that in developing the program, the learners’ literacy with their felt needs of education and their learning styles to enhance their intelligence must be considered. Strategies applied must be planned well in response to the learners’ needs with clear account to organisational goals and objectives.

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In order to achieve these goals, the three key issues discussed if clearly crafted for the implementation, significantly attribute to the successful delivery of non-formal education services

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Looking back at those issues discussed,

other issues like weak political will to pursue and sustain reforms at different levels; insufficient financial resources and inefficient use of available ones need further analysis in order for the non-formal education programs to move forward.

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Photo by: Myra Mae at pbase 6/29/2010

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Non-formal education in the Philippines has a long history, however, implementers tend to do same things all over again and expecting different results.

If the three issues previously discussed will not be given attention…

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How can you make a difference?