Transcript
a sequel to the dialect study of kapampangan (1984)
THE CALAGUIMAN AND MABATANG KAPAMPANGAN
by Anicia Del Corro, PhD
introduction• This research study is a sequel to the dialect
study of Kapampangan done in 1983-84.• The highlights of the project are:
– Classification of Kapampangan dialects– Description of the linguistic features that
make each dialect distinct– The discovery of the Calaguiman and
Mabatang dialect
retained diphthongs• Kapampangan regularly change the final diphthong of
Tagalog or Sebuano into a monophthong:KAP TAG KAP SEBsukle suklay bale balaysabo sabaw sige sigaypane panay silo silaw
retained diphthongs• In Calaguiman and Mabatang (CM-Kap) however,
diphthongs are consistently retained both in word-medial and word-final positions.
• 1732 dictionary of Diego Bergano and other dictionaries:1732 Bergano acay, albay----- Tag-Engl dictionary bancay, altao, bante,
abe1874 Dimalanta albe1875 Brabo aldo
retained diphthongs• Modern Kapampangan (SF-Kap) has no word-final
diphthong.
goals of the study• To present a theory explaining the development of CM-
Kap dialects• To present a grammatical analysis of either Calaguiman
of Mabatang Kapampangan • To compare the grammatical and lexical differences
– Between Calaguiman and Mabatang Kapampangan– Then with SF-Kap and CM-Kap
• To check whether CM-Kap or a similar dialect is spoken in other towns neighboring Samal and Abucay
• To prove or disprove the hypothesis of borrowing of diphthongs in CM-Kap
calaguiman-mabatang
kapampangan
historical backgroundThe Abucay Massacre• At least 150 Pampango soldiers were tasked to defend
the Church against Dutch invasion in 1647.• The Pampangos were defeated but upon the arrival of
reinforcements, the Dutch were repulsed.
historical backgroundThe Samal Massacre• Upon the surrender of the Katipuneros and voluntarios
in the fight over Samal, a Pampango voluntario killed a Katipunero according to accounts. This incident started the butchering of the prisoners.
• This attests to Spaniards hiring people from Kapampangan speaking towns.
historical backgroundAbucay as center of commerce• 1587, Abucay became center of missionary activities.• The first printing press in the Philippines was in
Abucay.• The route of ships increased movement of
Kapampangan speakers to the area.
geography
distinctionsPsychological• CM-Kap speakers generally regard their dialect as
samutan or haluan, and SF-Kap as the ‘genuine’ or ‘real’ Kapampangan.
Linguistic Features
Phonological Level
phonological levelPro-Tagalog Features• Diphthongization
SF-Kap
salol
marok
balen
papaten
ken
manugse
manos
pants
bad
town
killing
there
to throw
to wash
CM-Kap
salawal
marawak
balayan
papatayan
kayan
magugsay
manwas
phonological level• Portmanteau Pronounsku + ya > kuya ‘my + it’
> kuay metathesis> kue monophthongization>ke vowel coalescence
• mu and na + ya undergo the same process.
phonological level• Classification of CM-Kap pronouns under
diphthongizationSF-Kap
ke
me
ne
ku ‘my’ + ya ‘she or it’
mu ‘your’ + ya ‘she or it’
na ‘his’ + ya ‘she or it’
CM-Kap
kwa
mwa
nya, naya
phonological level• Glottal stop Insertion: transitional glide substitution
SF-Kap
mayalikabuk
malulam, maulap
manasan
batwin
maimpis
dusty
cloudy
to fish
star
thin
CM-Kap
maalikabuk
maulap
magasan
bituinmaimpis
phonological level• Glottal stop Insertion: voiceless consonant substitution
SF-Kap
busbus
sipsipan
kuskus
kinaskas
atlu
atbu
matbud
hole
to sip
wipe
rubbed
three
sugarcane
not durable
CM-Kap
bubus
sisipan
kukus
kinakas
aluabu
mabud
phonological level• Vowel Lowering
SF-Kap
mu
tatakut
pusukabayu
sanduk
upu
your
afraid
heart
horse
laddle
gourd
CM-Kap
mo
tatakot
pusokabayo
sandok
upo
phonological level• [] and [a]
SF-Kap
bitukasawlupbyasik
intestines
spouse
face
smart
you
CM-Kap
bituka
asawa
lupa
byasa
ika
phonological level• Addition of /h/
SF-Kap
tawul, kaung
tindaan
salawaan
CM-Kap
kahul
tindahan
salawahan
phonological levelRetention of CV Syllable Pattern• Insertion of full glide between vowels
SF-Kap
taupaumayli
binaukayli
man
turtle
smiling
smelled
left handed
CM-Kap
tawu
pawu
mayili
binawu
kayili
phonological level• Vowel Coalescence
SF-Kap
ya+itang
ya+ining
ya+ing/ining
ya+ing
ya+ing
pron+demo
pron+demo
pron+demo
pron+art
pron+art
CM-Kap
yetang
yening
yening
yetang
yetang/yeng
phonological level• Loss of Initial Vowel /i/
SF-Kap
ibye me ini kaya
sipsipan me ini
ayta itang gubat
CM-Kap
ibyay me ni kaya
sisipan me ni
tayu tang gubat
Morphological Level
morphological level• Usage of Tagalog affixes in CM-Kap
SF-Kap
a neng kalutumakaramdam
maputimabilug
mangasyas
CM-Kap
napakalutomaramdam
putibilug
kumasyas
Lexical Level
lexical differences• From the inventory of lexicon used in the
questionnaire, CM-Kap showed 39% difference from SF-Kap.
• From the 81 unique items to CM-Kap, 59% were similar for Calaguiman and Mabatang. 38% of items shows difference between Calaguiman and Mabatang.
conclusion
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