Juvenile Delinquency CJ 150 Tom Woods We will begin at the top of the hour.
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Juvenile DelinquencyCJ 150
Tom Woods
We will begin at the top of the hour.
Population living in cities 1790 – 5%
1850 – 15% 1900 – 40% 1920 – 51%
Chronic poverty had become a problem in cities.
In the early 1800’s delinquent, neglected, and runaway juveniles were treated as adult criminal offenders.
People in the following categories were all considered dangerous:
Reform Schools were the first institutions created to care for vagrant and delinquent youths. These were set up by state and local governments.
1848 – Massachusetts 1849 – New York 1850 – Ohio 1906 – Main, Rhode Island, and Michigan
Learn a trade Gain a basic education Racial segregation Sexual segregation Harsh discipline Intense labor Poor physical care Labeled criminalsMost of these juveniles were placed simply
for being abused or neglected children.
1853 – Developed by Charles Brace
His plan was to remove troubled children from urban areas to farms out west. His plan called for using what was referred to as Orphan Trains. These Orphan Trains would make predetermined stops where farm families could board the train and pick out a child.
Orphan Trains had some success. Also had problems with exploitation. 150,000 juveniles were placed with
families. Orphan Trains ended in 1930.
1874 - The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children
1900 - 300 SPCC programs had been established. These program were established to protect
children at home and in schools.
Reform schools care for vagrant & delinquent youths.
Children’s Aid Society protect youths from city dangers.
Orphan Trains place urban youths in farm communities.
SPCC protect abused and neglected children while
advocating criminal charges for neglecting parents.
Most of today’s juvenile court systems are modeled after this 1899 Illinois Act which
was to first of it’s kind.
1. Children should not be held accountable as adults.
2. Treat and rehabilitate rather than punish.3. Dispositions based on circumstances and
child’s needs.4. Eliminate confusing rules and procedures.
Established: Delinquency is a legal concept Distinction between neglect and
delinquency Delinquent was under 16 and violated the
law Separate court for children Probation program specifically for
children
Separate courts, court procedures, institutions, and probation programs for juveniles
No attorneys required Hearsay evidence was admissible Preponderance of evidence, as opposed to
proof, beyond a reasonable doubt No appeals
By 1917 all but 3 states enacted similar legislation as Illinois.
• Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act
1994
Early England Pledge System
neighbors protected each other Watch System
used watchmen to patrol
Early America Sheriff
local sheriff would patrol on foot Delinquency Control Squads
Wickershawm Commission along with the Association of Chiefs of Police (1931)
August Vollmer (1930) responsible for University training for police
Modern management Prevention programs Juvenile aid bureaus
Believe police are honest:15% of African Americans 30% of Native Americans 31% of Hispanics 51% of Asians 57% of European Americans
Police actions are controlled by: 1 Statute 2 Case Law 3 Judicial Review All of which cover the following: 1 Arrests 2 Searches 3 Seizures 4 Interrogation
Arrest taking one into custody
Probable Cause reasonable belief an offense was committed
and the accused committed the act. Search & Seizure
must believe a crime was committed , obtain a search warrant
Stop and frisk Search incident to an arrest Auto search ( need probable cause) Consent search Plain view Electronic surveillance (no warrant
needed if no exception of privacy)
Community Policing Problem Oriented Policing Aggressive Law Enforcement
Target trouble spots Saturation patrols
There are currently 14,000 full time police officers in our schools.
What qualities do you think would make a good juvenile officer?
Should a juvenile officer be required to have a college education?
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