8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 1/133
Justice after
Genocide: A
Personal JourneySophal Ear, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
U.S. Naval Postgraduate School
25 October 2011"New Frontiers in Human Rights Law"
Bard College
The views expressed in this presentation do not
represent the views of the U.S. Government.
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 2/133
A Journey in Five Acts
1. Start2. Story
3. Genocide
4. Responsibilities
5. Justice
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 3/133
Act 1: Start
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 4/133
THREE weeks ago,
Bard Trustee Peter
Maguire asked me
to join you today…
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 5/133
This was as much planning as th
invasion of Iraq!
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 6/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 7/133
(I can say this with some autho
because I teach courses to jun
military officers on how to reb
countries after conflict.)
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 8/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 9/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 10/133
In February 2009, I’d given a t
that had just gone online.
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 11/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 12/133
I had six minutes to tell my st
Today, I have a little more time andwider scope to reflect on justice aftegenocide.
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 13/133
MY WIFE, 8 MONTHS PREGNANT
MOM
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 14/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 15/133
Act 2: Story
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 16/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 17/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 18/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 19/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 20/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 21/133
There are no American combat
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 22/133
There are no American combat
troops in Cambodia. There are no
American combat advisers in
Cambodia. There will be noAmerican combat troops or
advisers in Cambodia. We will aid
Cambodia. Cambodia is the Nixon
doctrine in its purest form.
—President Richard Nixon,
November 1971
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 23/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 24/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 25/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 26/133
Act 3. Genocide
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 27/133
April 17th, 1975
Phnom Penh, Cambodia
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 28/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 29/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 30/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 31/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 32/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 33/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 34/133
Evacuation of 2 million people fPhnom Penh in three days
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 35/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 36/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 37/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 38/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 39/133
Once upon a time ... there was a regime so evil that it cr
antisociety where torture was currency and music, book
were abolished. This regime ruled for four years and mu
nearly 2 million of its citizens, a quarter of the populatio
CAMBODIA
M
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 40/133
Up to 16
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 41/133
Up to 16
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 42/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 43/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 44/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 45/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 46/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 47/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 48/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 49/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 50/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 51/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 52/133
One day in mid-1975, circa sunse
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 53/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 54/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 55/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 56/133
On the third day of our journeyfake Vietnamese…
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 57/133
1935-1975
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 58/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 59/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 60/133
A VIETNAMESE CITIZEN,
A GOOD SAMARITAN
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 61/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 62/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 63/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 64/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 65/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 66/133
MEMY UNCLE AND AUNT
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 67/133
A FRENCH CITIZEN,
A GOOD SAMARITAN
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 68/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 69/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 70/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 71/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 72/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 73/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 74/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 75/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 76/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 77/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 78/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 79/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 80/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 81/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 82/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 83/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 84/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 85/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 86/133
To those whom much
is given, much is
expected.
—John F. Kennedy
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 87/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 88/133
The Responsibility to Protect is a ne
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 89/133
international security and human ri
norm to address the internationalcommunity’s failure to prevent and
genocides, war crimes, ethnic clean
and crimes against humanity.
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 90/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 91/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 92/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 93/133
HOLOCAUST: 11-17 MILLIO
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 94/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 95/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 96/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 97/133
RWANDA: 800,000-1,000,0
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 98/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 99/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 100/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 101/133
BOSNIA: 200,000+
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 102/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 103/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 104/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 105/133
DARFUR: 300,000+
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 106/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 107/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 108/133
Act 5: Justice
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 109/133
Returning to Cambodia and tKhmer Rouge Tribunal
Tuol Sleng Torture Center
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 110/133
TUOL SLENG’S DIRECTOR, “DUCH”, CONFESSED
AT KHMER ROUGE TRIBUNAL IN CAMBODIA, 2009.
VERDICT: GUILTY
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 111/133
DEATHS: 12,273+
SENTENCE: 35 YEARS
(REDUCED TO 19 FOR
TIME ALREADY SERVED)
APPEALING.
MADOFF: 15
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 112/133
KILLED: 0; US$65 BILLION
NOT APPE
“Judge Denny Chinthat 20 or 25 years
effectively be a life
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 113/133
effectively be a life
sentence, but he re
that the symbolism
longer term was imp
given the enormity o
crimes.”
—New York Times
28 June 2011
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 114/133
My mom, Cam Youk Lim
June 1936-October 2009
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 115/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 116/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 117/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 118/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 119/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 120/133
IF WE HAVEN’T FORGIVEN
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 121/133
Abhayagiri Buddhist Monastery - Unive
CREATING AN IDENTITY A
PAIN, AND THAT IS WHATTHAT IS WHAT SUFFERS.
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 122/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 123/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 124/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 125/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 126/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 127/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 128/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 129/133
20 Lives Saved
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 130/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 131/133
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 132/133
Steven Ear, born March 2009
8/11/2019 Justice after Genocide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/justice-after-genocide 133/133
Caitlyn Lim Ear, bo