Journal: Describe how DNA is replicated. Q. What is the shape of DNA? A. Double Helix.

Journal: Describe how DNA is replicated

Q. What is the shape of DNA?

A. Double Helix

Q. What is the “backbone” of DNA

A. Sugar and phosphates

Q. What is the product of DNA replication?

A. Two Identical daughter strands

Q. What does DNA polymerase do?

A. Adds the nitrogen bases & proof reads the DNA sequences

Q. Why must DNA replicate?

A. growth and cell division

Q. What is the name of the bond that holds one base to another base, forming the “rungs” of the

DNA ladder?

hydrogen bond

What is a vaccine?

a harmless version of a disease-causing microbe

What does a vaccine do?

Causes an immune response…

The body will make antibodies to fight the microbe

Q: What is a bacteriophage?

Virus that infects bacteria

Q: When does DNA replication occur?

During the Synthesis (S) phase of Interphase

What is a replication fork?

Half of a replication bubble, where the DNA seperates.

What is DNA made of?

Nucleotides

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

Phosphate group, Sugar (deoxyribose), & nitrogen base

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic acid

What is DNA named after?

Deoxyribose (sugar)

There are two different groups of nitrogen bases what are they?

Purines and Pyrimidines

How many rings do purines have?

Two

How many rings do pyrimidines have?

1 ring

Which nitrogen bases are purines?

Adenine and guanine

Which are pyrimidines?

Thymine and Cytosine

Amount of A= amount of ___

T

If the parent strand reads AGCTCCGATT what will the complimentary strand read?

TCGAGGCTAA

What is the enzyme that unwinds/unzips the DNA?

Helicase

What enzyme adds the nitrogen bases?

DNA polymerase

Where does the energy for DNA replication come from?

When a nucleotide joins the strand, phosphate groups are broken off

What are the steps of DNA replication?

DNA unwinds, hydrogen bonds break, replication bubbles form, bubble grow together, two identical strands formed.

What are the base pairing rules?

A-T, G-C

What is a mutation?

Change in nucleotide sequence

What enzyme proofreads the DNA and can fix mistakes?

DNA polymerase