Japanese Social Hierarchy During Tokugawa Period

Japanese Social HierarchyDuring Tokugawa Period

Tokugawa: Achieving Unity• 1600: Tokugawa Ieyasu,

Hideyoshi’s successor, claimed the title of shogun.– Set up the Tokugawa

shogunate, which lasted until 1868.

– During this time, shoguns created a peaceful, orderly society under centralized feudalism.

Achieving UnityTokugawa shoguns left

feudal class in place, but brought the daimyo under their control.Daimyo: great samuraiShogun required daimyo to

spend every other year in Edo (Tokyo).

Daimyo had to leave their wives and children in Edo as permanent hostages to ensure their good behavior.

Emperor remained a powerless figurehead.

Achieving UnityEconomic and Social

Changes:Edo grew from a small

fishing village to a bustling city.

Roads improved.Trade and travel increased.Cities and towns sprang up

by harbors and along rivers.New economic markets

developed.

Achieving UnityEconomic and Social

Changes:The daimyo and their samurai

followers had to adapt to the changing conditions.

No longer spent all its time fighting.

Some samurai became government officials.

Others managed the estates of daimyos and the shogun.

Education became more widespread.

By the early 1800s, Japan had become a unified nation in many ways.

Samurai Bushido Code"way of the warrior"

Samurai Warrior Code was a strict code that demanded:

loyalty devotion

and honor to the death

7 virtues of the bushido code: Gi - Rectitude

Yu - Courage

Jin - Benevolence

Rei - Respect

Makoto - Honesty

Meiyo - Honor

Chugi - Loyalty

An Isolated Nation• Early on, the Tokugawas felt threatened by the growing

number of westerners who were arriving in Japan.– Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, English– Catholic missionaries had success in converting people, which

angered the shogun.• Early 1600s: Japanese government began persecuting foreign

missionaries and Japanese Christians.• 1639: Japan was closed to the world.

– Foreigners were forbidden from entering the country.– Japanese who left couldn’t return.– Outlawed the building of ocean-going ships.– Exceptions: Some contact with China, Korea, and the Dutch.

• Isolation lasted for more than 200 years.

MEIJI RESTORATION: CAUSES> MEIJI RESTORATION> EFFECTS:

-SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC UNREST

-FOREIGN PRESSURE

-DAIMYO AND SAMURAI REVOLT

-STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

-BUSINESSES ADAPTED WESTERN METHODS

-LEADERS ENCOURAGED INDUSTRIALIZATION

-BUILT AND EMPIRE

-EXTENDED INFLUENCE IN KOREA

-CONFLICT WITH CHINA AND DEFEAT OF RUSSIA; EXPANSION OF INFLUENCE-IMPERIALISM OF EUROPEDCOPIED

Commodore Matthew C. Perry

1. Peace and friendship between the United States and Japan.

2. Opening of two ports to American ships

3. Help for any American ships wrecked on the Japanese coast and

protection for shipwrecked persons

4. Permission for American ships to buy supplies, coal, water, and other necessary provisions in Japanese ports.

March 31, 1854

1853 - Matthew Perry arrives in Tokyo harbor

1. What was the American motive in sending in the fleet?

• To intimidate Japan… An effort to start trade

1854 - Japan signs the treaty of Kanagawa

2. How did the U.S. benefit from the terms of the treaty?

• Gained the right to trade in 2 ports

1867 - Mutsuhito establishes a new Gov’t

1867 - Mutsuhito establishes a new Gov’t

3. What steps did the Meiji take to modernize Japan?

• Western Industrialization• American Education• German Gov’t & Military

1885 – Japan & China pledge not to send armies to Korea

4. Why were both countries interested in Korea?

• Trade• Military Outpost

1894 – Sino-Japanese War begins

5. How did the war begin?

1. Rebellion against Korean King2. Korea asks China for help3. Japan sent to fight Chinese

1894 – Sino-Japanese War begins

6. What consequences did the war have?

• Destruction of Chinese Navy

• New Japanese Empire• Japan & Russia new asian

powers

1904 – Russia & Japan go to war over Manchuria

7. What was the cause of this war?

1. Russia won’t leave Korea2. Japan attacks Russian Navy off coast of Manchuria

1904 – Russia & Japan go to war over Manchuria

8. What were some consequences?

• Destruction of Russian Navy

• Territorial gains for Japan

1910 – Japan annexes Korea

9. How did the Japanese rule Korea?

• Harsh rule• Denied Korean rights• Led to Korean nationalist movement (eventually U.S. involvement in Korean War)