Transcript
ISO 14001 v. 2004
Environmental Management Systems
Quiz
1. According to the ISO 14001 standard, there is a continual improvement of 5 specific phases based on the methodology known as Plan-Do-Check-Act. Which are they?
2. According to the ISO 14001 standard, what is a preventive action, and how it is different from a corrective action?
EMS“A system put into place that keeps things
running smoothly”Denso Manufacturing Michigan, Inc.
• EMS does not have to be certified ISO 14001
• Plant personnel can develop the EMS with/without consulting support
• 3rd-Party Auditors are needed for ISO 14001 certification
EMS Evolution• Until 1960s when gained public attention
• Corporations reacted to increased legislation
• Responsible Care Program (Canada) in 1984
• British created the first national EM standard BS 7750 in 1994
• A Canadian standard Z750 was created in 1994
• Legislated in 1993, EU published EMAS in 1994, open in 1995.
• In the U.S. no national standard was developed during the 1990s, however
groups of companies did (e.g. GEMI)
• The first international EMS was ISO 14001 by ISO.
• Based on:
– The success of ISO 9001
– Increasing international concern (UN Conference of Rio 1992)
– Created a Technical Committee 207
• The ISO 14001 was published for the first time in 1996.
Why environmental standards?
…to "promote a harmonious and balanced development of
economic activities, sustainable and non-inflationary growth
respecting the environment… the raising of standards of living
and quality of life" (EMAS).
…to support environmental protection and prevention of
pollution in balance with socio-economic needs (ISO 14001)
EMS and ISO 14001
• First version finalized and issued in 1996, revised every five years (2004 current version)
• Market sector created and driven; governments participate but it is not legislative or regulatory
• Process standard, not performance
• Each participating nation has a committee that develops consensus and contributes (one vote each, for US it is ANSI)
• 14001 is one of the standards in the 14000 series
ISO 14001 Standards• Voluntary
• Set up the by industry: countries can adapted into their legislation
• Is aimed to improve processes not performance itself
• Key aspect is that of continual improvement
• Doesn’t require the publication of an environmental statement
• Provides the company with a guideline on how to manage environmental aspects
• Requires management commitments and involvement from all employees
ISO, ANSI, Certifiers
• ISO develops International Standards but does not operate any schemes for assessing conformity with them.
What ISO is not?• ISO is not an auditor, assessor, registrar, or certifier of management
systems, products, services, materials or personnel, nor does it endorse or control any such activities performed by other parties.
ANSI coordinates the development of standards in the U.S. and accredit programs that assess conformance with the standards
• 750 certification bodies worldwide
Environmental Management System (EMS)
Policy
Management Review
Implementation and Operation
Checking and Corrective Action
Planning
The ISO 14001 EMS Model
4.5.1 Monitoring & Measurement4.5.2 Preventive & Corrective Action4.5.3 Records4.5.4 EMS Audit
4.5.1 Monitoring & Measurement4.5.2 Preventive & Corrective Action4.5.3 Records4.5.4 EMS Audit
4.4.1 Resources, Roles, responsibility and authority4.4.2 Competence, Training & Awareness4.4.3 Communication4.4.4 Documentation4.4.5 Document Control4.4.6 Operational Control4.4.7 Emergency Preparedness
4.2 Define Policy4.2 Define Policy
4.3.1 Identify Aspects4.3.1 Identify Aspects
4.3.2 Legal Requirements4.3.2 Legal Requirements 4.3.3 Identify Objectives Targets and Programs
4.3.3 Identify Objectives Targets and Programs
4.4 Implementation and Operation
4.4 Implementation and Operation
4.5 Checking4.5 Checking
4.6 Management Review4.6 Management Review
3.2 Continual Improvement3.18 Prevention of Pollution
Products, Services, and
Activities
P D C A
ISO 14001 Environmental Standard v20044.1 General Requirements
4.2 Environmental Policy
4.3 Planning– Environmental aspects– Legal and other requirements– Objectives, Targets and Programs
4.4. Implementation and Operation– Resources, Roles, Responsibilities and Authority– Competence, Training and Awareness– Communication– Documentation– Controls of documents– Operational control– Emergency Preparedness and Response
4.5 Checking– Monitoring and Measurement– Evaluation of compliance– Nonconformity, Corrective action and Preventive action– Control of records– Internal audit
4.6. Management Review
Environmental Policy• The environmental policy
describes the organization’s overall approach and intentions.
• Is the Keystone upon which the entire EMS is constructed.
• NOT A PUBLIC RELATIONS DOCUMENT
Policy
Management Review
Implementation and Operation
Checking and Corrective Action
Planning
Policy RequirementsTo meet ISO 14001 requirements, the policy must:
1. Be appropriate to the nature, scale, and environmental impacts of
the organization activities and goods produced.
2. Include a commitment to continual improvement and prevention of
pollution.
3. Include a commitment to relevant legal requirements.
4. Provide a framework for setting and reviewing environmental
objectives and targets.
5. Be documented, implemented and maintained, and communicated to
all employees (also contractors)
6. Be available to the public.
Policy Statement
• Organization must be able to demonstrate that it is fully aware of all relevant environmental issues and their potential impact and importance.
• No list is appropriate to all organizations; each establishes methods/measures relevant to its operations.
Policy Statement
• Provides a framework for setting environmental objectives– Objectives are specific and defined goals that
need to be achieved in order to meet the requirements of the Environmental Policy.
– Every action, requirement, procedure, etc. contained within the EMS must have its roots in the Env. Policy Statement.
Policy Statement
• Commitment to continual improvement– “Process of enhancing the environmental
management system to achieve improvements in overall environmental performance in line with the organization's environmental policy.“
– Ties together the Env. Policy Statement and Management Review elements of ISO 14001.
• Requires the EMS be reviewed and evaluated at a set frequency for changed aspects and impacts (yearly is generally acceptable).
Policy Statement
• Commitment to P2– After pollution based objectives have been
set, P2 must be evaluated at one of the alternative approaches to setting the Target(s).
– If P2 is not cost-effective, it does not have to be accepted.
Policy Statement• Commitment to Compliance with Laws, Regs,
and Requirements– Identify applicable laws & regs– Determine compliance– Develop action plan to correct noncompliance– Establish a system to maintain compliance
• Organization does not need to be in full compliance in order to conform with 14001
• Continued pattern of noncompliance may need to nonconformance with ISO 14001.
Policy Statement• Documentation and Communication
– Executive level manager must sign the Policy Statement and maintained based on Document Control (4.4.5) proceedures.
– All employees must understand and recognize the commitments and relate their job functions with the Policy.
– Policy must be communicated with the public.
Planning
– Environmental Aspects.
– Legal and Other Requirements.
– Objectives and Targets.
– Environmental Management Program
• Dynamic• Integrated
Policy
Management Review
Implementation and Operation
Checking and Corrective Action
Planning
Planning
IdentifyActivities,Products
andServices
IdentifyEnvironmentalAspects and Impacts
DeterminePriority
EnvironmentalAspects
Determine Legal and OtherRequirements
EstablishObjectives
andTargets
DevelopEnvironmentalManagement
Program
Activities, Products and Services
• This is where is described what the facility does
– Consider mission – what ‘facility’ is designed to do e.g. fast delivery of documents/packages
– Consider activities that support the mission e.g. vehicle maintenance
– Consider actions that are both regulated and not regulated e.g. commuting to work
Aspects and Impacts
• Identify environmental aspects of activities products and
services that can be controlled and over which can be
expected to have an influence”– Aspects: Element of an organization's activities,
products or services that can interact with the environment.
– Impacts: Any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization's activities, products or services
Video
Aspects and Impacts• Content Requirements of Environmental Aspects
– understand how organization interacts with the environment– control versus influence – arrive at a list of significant environmental aspects based upon
impacts– develop a procedure to support the three step decision making
process
Video
Determine Significant Aspects
• The process of arriving at a list of Significant Environmental Aspects must be a reasonable and understandable procedure be based upon the following criteria:
1. perceived risk(human health vs. ecosystem);
2. impact analysis (internal, local, regional, global);
3. probability of occurrence
4. direct or indirect control;
5. regulated or non-regulated;
6. resource utilization;
7. community interest;
8. etc.
• Consider normal, unique, and emergency conditions
• Where do opportunities exist for improvement?
Legal and Other Requirements
• Identify legal requirements that apply to a facility’s activities – use audit guides or protocols
• Identify other requirements that apply including corporate policies, Executive Orders (public organizations), facility initiatives or voluntary practices
• ISO 14001 does not require documentation for the Legal and Other Requirements section (4.3.2). However, the only practical way to demonstrate conformance is to assemble in one place a list and copies of each applicable environmental law, regulation and voluntary subscription along with the supporting permits and/or contracts as evidence.
Objectives and Targets
• Consider “legal and other requirements”
• Consider significant aspects
• Reflect corporate policies
• Reflect financial and technical limitations
• Reflect “interested parties”
• Reflect policy commitment and commitment to pollution
prevention
• Consider how you will measure progress
Objectives and Targets
• Objectives are the “Goals” that support the “Vision” contained in the Environmental Policy Statement.
ISO 14001 Specifications for Objectives/Targets
• The ISO 14001 Standard stipulates several criteria that must be considered when establishing environmental objectives. Specifically:
• Environmental policy commitments to continual improvement, prevention of pollution, and compliance with legal and other requirements.
• Concentration on controlling significant environmental aspects – the activities, products, and services with the highest environmental impacts – since reducing their significance (i.e., the risks associated with them) automatically lowers their impacts.
• Taking consideration of technological options and financial, operational, and business requirements means that environmental objectives and targets must be practical in terms of being technologically achievable, within the limits of available budget constraints, and consistent with operational and business strategies.
– In other words, objectives and targets must be realistic and attainable, not mere dreams or wish lists.
• The views of interested parties. Any individual, group, agency, or community that may be affected by or have a stake in the operations of the facility implementing the EMS. This can be a long list, including:
– National, regional/provincial, local government officials– Local community representatives– Public interest groups and other stakeholders (The views of interested parties are also helpful
when an organization makes a decision regarding communication of its environmental aspects).
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ISO 14001 Environmental Management Programs:
The organization shall establish and maintain programs for achieving its objectives and targets, including:
(a) designation of responsibility for achieving objectives and targets at each level and function of the organization
(b) the means and time-frame by which they are to be achieved
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EnvironmentalManagement Programs
An EMP is an action plan specifying:•How objectives and targets will be accomplished•Who is responsible for achieving them•Who will manage and supervise the activities•Who will carry out the work•What they will do•What resources are needed (e.g., people, skills, equipment, time, money)•When the tasks will be completed (i.e., a schedule)
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ISO 14001 Planning Sequence
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
Guiding Light
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
Problem Definition
LEGAL AND OTHER
REQUIREMENTS
Obligations
OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS
Goal Setting
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
PROGRAMS
Means of Achieving
Goals
Implementation and Operation
• This phase includes 7 elements:– Resources, Roles,
Responsibilities and Authority
– Competence, Training and Awareness
– Communication
– Documentation
– Controls of documents
– Operational control
– Emergency Preparedness and Response
Policy
Management Review
Implementation and Operation
Checking and Corrective Action
Planning
Implementation and Operation
Structure andResponsibility
Training,Awareness and
CompetenceDocument Control
EMS Documentation
Emergency preparedness and response
Communication
Operational Control
Organization &Accountability
Capabilities &Communications
Controls
Structure and Responsibility
• Roles and responsibilities are defined, documented,
communicated
• Management will provide resources for implementation
of the system
• Identifies Management Representative (s)
– In charge
– Report to top management
Training, Awareness and Competence
• Ensure training and awareness relevant to
– EMS - including policy
– relationship between employees’ activities and environmental
impacts
• Ensure competence training to
– regulatory requirements
– standard operating procedures
Communication
• Ensure internal communication
• External communication of significant environmental
impacts is optional, however this decision shall be
documented
• Provide process for responding to external
communication
Documentation and Document Control
• Procedures for controlling documents
– can be located - are legible, dated and maintained
– reviewed and revised as necessary and approved
– current versions are available to practitioner
– obsolete documents are removed from use
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Documentation• Under ISO 14001, documentation refers to all
written material concerning the EMS
• Documents include policies, procedures, manuals, plans, diagrams, flowcharts, correspondence, memoranda related to the EMS
• Records are documents, but under ISO 14001 are distinguished from documentation:– Documentation concerns what should
happen– Records contain information on what has
happened
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Must Document4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
4.3.3 Environmental objectives and targets
4.4.1 Roles, responsibilities, and authority for EMS
4.4.3 Communications from external interested parties
4.4.4 EMS core elements
4.4.6 Procedures essential for operational control
4.5.1 Monitoring and measurement of key operations that have potential significant impacts
4.5.1 Compliance with laws and regulations
4.5.3 Records
4.6 MANAGEMENT REVIEW
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Good Idea to Document4.3.1 Environmental aspects and impacts
inventory4.3.2 Significant environmental aspects4.3.3 Registry of legislation and regulations4.3.4 Environmental management programs -
action plans to achieve objectives and targets
4.4.2 Training needs results, and training plans4.4.7 Emergency response plan4.5.2 Corrective and preventive actions4.5.5 EMS audit results
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What areOperational Controls?
• Means by which an organization prevents pollution from operations, e.g.:– Pollution control equipment such as scrubbers,
filters, precipitators, clarifiers, biological and chemical treatment, etc.
– Alarms for gas, pH, conductance, tank level, etc.
– Preventive maintenance practices– Operating procedures
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Methods of Operational Control
• Process controls:– electronic– mechanical– monitoring– observation
• Operating procedures:– verbal– documented
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What is a Procedure?
• An activity carried out according to specified instructions
• Combination of responsibilities, authority, resources, instructions needed to consistently perform an activity
• A procedure may be documented (i.e., written), but the document is NOT the procedure
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One More Thing from ISO 14001 4.4.6
The organization shall establish and maintain procedures related to the identifiable
significant environmental aspects of goods and services used by the organization and
communicate relevant procedures and requirements to suppliers and contractors
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Responsibilities of Contractors and Suppliers
• The organization is responsible for informing contractors and suppliers about operating procedures relating to their goods and services
• Contractors must comply with all EMS requirements when on site
• Suppliers may be required to meet specified environmental standards in their own facilities
Emergency Preparedness and Response
• Procedures to address accidents and emergencies
– prevent and mitigate environmental impacts
– review and revise after emergency or
accident
– test where appropriate
Checking• 5 elements:
– Monitoring and Measurement.
– Evaluation of compliance
– Non-Conformance and Corrective and Preventive Actions.
– Control of Records
– EMS Internal Audit.
Policy
Management Review
Implementation and Operation
Checking and Corrective Action
Planning
Checking
RecordsOngoingMonitoring and
Measuring
Periodic Internal EMS Audits
Non-conformance,Corrective and
Preventive Action
Periodic Evaluations of compliance
Monitoring and Measuring
• Procedures to monitor and measure activities related to significant aspects
– Root cause analysis– Audits
– Track performance, operational control and objectives and targets
– Maintain and calibrate monitoring equipment
Evaluation of Compliance
• Periodically evaluate compliance with applicable legal requirements
• Also evaluate compliance with other requirements the company subscribes
• Keep records of such evaluations
Nonconformity, Corrective and Preventive Action
– Identify cause of nonconformity
– Develop corrective action and implement it
– Modify procedures if necessary to prevent
recurrence
– Define responsibility and authority to
address non-conformance
Control of Records
• Procedures for identification, maintenance and disposition of environmental records
– Legible and traceable to the activity, product or
service involved
Internal EMS Audits
• Periodically audit to determine if the EMS
– is being properly implemented and maintained, and
– conforms to the standard
• Provide audit information to management
Management Review
– Policy
– Audits
– Corrective and Preventive Action Systems.
– Environmental Objectives and Targets.
Policy
Management Review
Implementation and Operation
Checking and Corrective Action
Planning
Management Review Process
Need to consider:
• audit findings• progress records on objectives• changes to facilities• changes in activities, products or services• changes in technology• concerns of interested parties• other relevant information
To Assess the
• suitability,• adequacy, and• effectiveness of the EMS
In order to determine the need for change and improvement to:
• the environmental policy
• the objectives and targets
• other elements of the EMS
Summary• An EMS is a formal system for managing the environmental
footprint of organizations
• Most organizations already have several EMS elements in place - the system relationship is lacking
• An EMS must serve the mission of the organization
• The EMS and related measurement tools are just that- tools. Alone, they will not guarantee success.
• The organization must use the tools, not just have them.
• Success comes from being committed to continual improvement for the long term
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