ISLAMIC EXTREMISM & INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM Mostly “Borrowed” from JTTF - FBI - SAN FRANCISCO via ILEETA.
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ISLAMIC EXTREMISM & INTERNATIONAL
TERRORISM
Mostly “Borrowed” from
JTTF - FBI - SAN FRANCISCOvia ILEETA
INSTRUCTIONAL GOALS Upon completion of this block of instruction: 1. Students will possess a basic understanding
of the Islamic faith. 2. Students will understand how the dynamics
of Islam effect all aspects of International Terrorism today.
ARABIC TERMS - discussed in this session
JahiliaBarakat - Barakate Jamaat E TableighMahdiAhl El BeitSahabaAnsar
Shi’aSunniWahabiMuslim BrotherhoodMosque - MasjidMohammedAliAbu Bakr
Understanding a Culture
To understand a culture, we must first understand the beliefs and values of the people.
Remember - One of every six people on this planet is a Muslim!
CORRECT PRONUNCIATION
Muslim - “long S & U sound - not a Z sound” Muslim not Muzlim
Islam - the same - Islam not Izlam
Mosque - better word is Masjid or Janeh
Islam 101
Religion of more than 1.6 billion peopleNot violent, but does not separate church
and state.
ERA BEFORE MOHAMMAD
Paganism - Tribalism“Jahilia” or “al Jahilyya” - defined as the
period of ignorance in the years before the Prophet Mohammed
Incredible cruelty toward female newborns Other abominations
ISLAM - THE ORIGINMECCAThe Prophet Mohammad was born in 570 AD -
Mecca in Saudi Arabia. In 610 AD, Mohammad received the first verses
(God/Allah’s message) now contained in the Koran or Qu’ran from the angel Gabriel.
Over the course of the following 22 years Mohammad received further revelations.
Mohammad died in 632 AD.Muhammad received the verses in Arabic.
ISLAM - THE ORIGINMEDINA
Mohammad and his followers were forced to flee to Medina
Mohammad continued to receive the Arabic verses
However, beginning in Medina the tenor of the Koran takes on a more Jihadic/warlike/adversarial tone toward the enemies of Islam - Jews and Christians
Islam 102 (continued)
Mohammed fought Meccans at Badr in 624
In another battle, the Battle of the Trench, a Jewish tribe changed sides
Mohammed conquered Mecca in 630 and spared its population
Mohammed died in 632
ISLAM - HISTORY
Second only to the Koran is the Sunnah or Ahadith
Composed of Hadiths - Islamic accounts into Mohammad's life
Provides Muslims with a window into Mohammad's life
Institutionalization of Islam, 632–680
Qur`an codified—114 surahs arranged by length
dar al Islam (House of Islam)dar al Harb (House of War)
Institutionalization of Islam (continued)
Scholars explain the KoranSunnah (becomes Sunni or orthodox)HadithSharia—Islamic lawFiq—interpretations of Islamic
law
SCHISM IN ISLAM
Shi’a Muslims vs Sunni MuslimsShi’a Muslims or Shiites are followers of
Mohammad's cousin/son-in-law Ali.Sunni Muslims follow the teachings of Abu
Bakr, who died in 634.Ali’s sons, Husain and Hassan were killed
by Sunni forces in Karbala, Iraq in 680.
SUNNI SUB-SECTS
Wahabi - Saudi Arabia - Usama bin Laden is a Wahabi Muslim
Mahadi - Sudan; Libya; AlgeriaHanafi - PakistanHanbali - Pakistan
WAHABI SUNNITraditionalists/Conservative - many terrorists
evolve from this sectAnything outside Koran is unacceptable.Wahabi Sunnis control the Koran - UBL
Saudi Arabia is populated primarily by Wahabi Sunni.
Jesus, to a Wahabi, is a general who will someday come and lead them against the infidels.
Christians have elevated Jesus to a god - Muslims believe him to be a prophet.
SHIA’S/SHIITESAlso believe strongly in the tenets of Islam More spin room - believe in the ability of
the Imams to interpret the KoranMore gray areas within the teachings of the
Koran than that which the Sunnis believeLess stringent - more interpretationThe Koran says what the clerics say it says.
Arabic Values
A person’s dignity, honor and reputation are of paramount importance.
It is important to behave at all times in a way which will create a good impression.
Loyalty to one’s family takes precedence over personal needs, but not when it comes to Islam, the religion and the tasking.
Arabic BeliefsAll things in life are controlled by God.Children are the “jewels” of the family. Wisdom increases with knowledge of
Koran.Inherent roles/tasking and responsibilities
of men and women are vastly different. In the Koran, men are tasked to teach daughters to
swim, ride a horse and handle a weapon. Women take care of the next generation of soldier.
Understanding Arabic Culture An Arab is a person who speaks Arabic or
who otherwise identifies with the culture and history of the Arab people.
Arabic culture and the Islamic faith are inseparable.
Islam is the most dominating, single influence in the Arab world , the second largest religion, and the world’s fastest growing religion.
THE ARAB MIND
Formulated by: Language Geography Food & lack of water Attire Customs and traditions Family and tribal affiliation Islam
ISLAMTHE FIVE PILLARS 1. Testimony/confession or “shahadah” - recited once
daily and is the belief in the oneness of God and that Muhammad is his prophet
2. Prayer or “salat” - 5 times a day and must face east toward Mecca, Saudi Arabia
3. Charity or “zakat” - giving of alms. 2.5% of assets 4. Fasting or “sawm” - Behavior during the Islamic holy
month of Ramadan Ninth month of the lunar calender, usually November
5. Pilgrimage or “haj/hajj/hadj” - all Muslims must travel to Mecca once in their lives
MUSLIM NATION - 1.6 billion Muslims worldwide
ARAB SUNNIS 80 % - Saudi Arabia -
majority Sunnis - 1 billion - 9 in 10
ARAB SHI’A/SHIITES 20% of Muslim population Lebanon, Iraq, Saudi
Arabia Shi’as - 170 million
NON-ARAB SUNNIS/AJAMI
Turkey, Pakistan, Afghanistan, other stans, Indonesia - huge population
NON-ARAB SHIITES Iran, Afghanistan Sufi Muslims - 240 million
MUSLIM BREAKDOWN - WORLDWIDE
CIA Factbook lists 234 nationsOf these, Islam is the majority religion in 48Islam is a significant minority religion in 26Therefore, Islam is a powerful presence in
one third of the countries in the world6 million Muslims in the USA
21 COUNTRIES COMPOSE THE “ARAB WORLD” Mauritania Morocco Algeria Tunisia Libya Egypt Sudan Dijbouti Somalia Palestine
Lebanon Jordan Syria Iraq Kuwait Bahrain Qatar UAE Oman Yemen Saudi Arabia
MIDDLE EAST
This refers to a larger area which includes Israel - Turkey - Iran - Afghanistan - Pakistan.
These are not “Arab “ countries.
What Is the Middle East?
The Middle East is not really a region; it is a geographical concept
Alfred Thayer Mahan, USN
Three Sources of the Jihadist Movement
Questions of Palestine/IsraelFuture of revolutionary IslamWho will rule dar al Islam—the Caliphate?
Complaints With U.S. PolicyTwo eyes, two policies, - or - Israel gets a
passU.S. policies exploitive in nature, interested
only in oilForeign troops stationed near Mecca and
other locations in the Middle EastU.S. supports puppet governments and
regimes throughout the region
Palestine/Israel Question
19th-century ZionismEuropean immigrationJewish understandingsArab understandings
PROFILE OF THE FUNDAMENTALIST COMBATANT
Islam united all Muslims and combined: Ideology Law Organizational structure Family and region Theology
Under the banner of globalization of Islam.
PROFILE OF THE FUNDAMENTALIST COMBATANT
Age 8 the combatant begins to read and learn the Koran and the place of women
Age 12 he reads the Koran several hours per day - father indoctrinates him into the faith
Age 18 he has memorized the entire KoranAfter age 18 - he comes to USA - a member
of the Islamic Brotherhood
PARAMILITARY MINDSET
Fundamentalist/extremists interpretation of the Koran: General operational plans Operational goals Organizational structure Sharia (legal) justification for all deadly actions
PARAMILITARY MINDSET
Typical extremist: Attends a Friday sermon at a Masjid Recruited by Jamaat E Tableigh Travels to Pakistan-indoctrinated into extremist
views Travels to Afghanistan to receive military and
paramilitary training Prepares for his Jihad and his TASKING
JIHAD
Basic Definition: Act in a paramilitary or military fashion against
the enemies of Islam, foreign or domestic, and if dying in the process, the combatant will ascend to heaven with all his sins forgiven.
Islamic/Muslim Brotherhood (MB)Family obligations
MAJOR BELIEF OF ALL MUSLIMSMAHDI - will come before Jesus to
liberate Lebanon, Syria, Iraq in route to Saudi Arabia. 2 million man army and await Jesus
MAHDI is described in a Hadeth; tall, thin, bearded with angular features, large forehead, olive color and pointy nose - who will come out from deep hiding - sound familiar ?
USAMA BIN LADENWahabi Sunni MuslimBorn in Yemen - raised in Saudi ArabiaFollowed the teachings of two radical,
fundamental Saudi clerics: Ben Outheimeen Ben Baz Every major Intl. Terrorist subject will have
studied under these two men - both died last year.
They believe that Jihad is to kill Christians.
FEMALES IN ISLAMGreat debate on this topic.Orthodox Muslims argue that women gain
true freedom in Islam.Critics argue that women are in bondage in
Islam; Mohammad was a chauvinist and pedophile
In many chapters in the Koran women are referred to as equals; but in many others they are not
FEMALES IN ISLAM
Women come of age at 14 - stated in the Koran.
A man will always look at a female after age 14 in a sexual nature, according to Koran.
Mothers are the exception.Thus the burqas
MAINSTREAM MUSLIMSMainstream Muslims
Totally disagree with extremist’s philosophy All people of the world are Muslims Non-Muslims are simply “lost” Believe that non-Muslims will “flock back to
Islam” Surah Al-Fatah - spoken to once Historically, mainstream Muslims have been
the silent weak majority of Islam Vulnerable to teachings of extremists
FUNDAMENTALISTS/EXTREMISTS
Use scripture in the Koran to justify terror campaign
Use the Koran to serve their political viewsRely on Sharia LawBen Outhiemeen & Ben BazTypically not vulnerable to the
mainstream-Shi’a ideology
FUNDAMENTALIST MOSQUESTRUCTURE
1. Cleric/Sheik-highest religious authority2. Imam-not a constant position 3. Theologist/Oulamaa-interpret the Sharia 4. Politicos-PR representatives5. Financiers-show me the money!!!!6. Paramilitary7. Non-Government Organizations (NGOs)
TERRORIST GROUP &CELL STRUCTURE
Muslim Brotherhood - all terrorists will belong to the MB Large pool of recruits for NGOs
• NGO-Jamaat E Tableigh; Jamaat Egatha; Jamaat Dawa; Lashkar E Taibe
Loosely connected - command and control No real identified leader or figurehead Koran and the strict guidelines guide the terrorist
activities of the MB
CELL STRUCTUREaka’s used
1. Al Awlani - the leader2. Al Jare - Currier; Infantryman3. Al Kannas - Sniper/killer with one shot4. Al Mukabir -
Communications/Intelligence5. Al Hakeem - Medic/doctor
ASSET RECRUITMENT
Identification examine last name for:
• country of origin
• brotherhood affiliation
• tribal affiliation
• sect affiliation
ASSET RECRUITMENTcont.
Other identification considerations family job motivation finances criminal history
VIOLENT TRUE BELIEVERS (VTB)
Motivated by deeply held beliefs that are rigid and completely justified in his eyes
Beliefs based solely on religion - IslamHe will believe that he is an agent of his god.His killing/terroristics acts are sanctioned by
his god. Quite certain of his destiny
THE VTBHe has memorized the Koran from cover to cover.Especially passages and phrases that justify his
suicidal/homicidal intentHe will ignore any passages that are contradictory
to his beliefs.His tightly held rationalizations are not open to
debate or questioning.Critical thinking is forbidden - absolute belief in
righteousness of his cause.
VTBs Will not respect females (GITMO example)Al-Qaeda Training Manual, 17th lesson
teaches the VTB to expect “psychological warfare and intellectual combat.”
Harsh words and torture are also expected.Manual, “the room is ordinary, containing
one or more desks, chairs and torture devices as needed”
VTBsManual - directs the “brother” to memorize
the appearance of the interrogation building and the officers. Concentrate on the route and try to memorize
signs in order to benefit future operations and plan development.
Always count step, measure distances from cell to interrogation room
(They are always collecting intel.)
VTBs“Cognitive dissonance”
Behaving in ways quite different from that which the VTB expects from his manual
May confuse and disorient him Will exert pressure on the VTB Asking to see a medical examiner and that
evidence of the torture be entered in any official report. - - Stall - - classic
Manual familiarity
VTBs
Establish rapport? Pros and cons. Gitmo experiences Smile Listen carefully Find something in common Mirror the interviewee
VTBs and MUSLIMS IN GENERAL
Avoid interview blunders
• Soles of shoes considered great insult
• Cold and unfriendly demeanor considered an insult
• Showing impatience - watch, tapping fingers
• Disrespect Islam and argue religion
• Interviewing the female
VTBs - INTERVIEW TECHNIQUESPatience and flexibilityConducted in 2 to 3 hour time increments
over several daysDo not be predictable - change times.Stare down if necessary.Key to interviewing VTB is to get him to
talk about anything - Islam.With these folks it is all about Islam/Israel.
VTBs/SUNNI/WAHABIAsk the VTB/Sunni, “Are you Muslim?” If he answers “yes, and thank God” and
places his hand on his chest, he is very far to the right, Likely a fundamentalist and very likely
an extremist - Where do you pray? Anywhere - alone - 5 times a day - attend
Mosque to stay within Islamic community
INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES3rd pillar of Islam can be important in
interviewing VTB - Charity/”Zakat”.Interviewee is allowed by the Koran to tell
you, if asked, how and where he contributed money to the cause.
Use Islam against him - show him his actions have “hurt” Islam.
His honor lies in defeating you during interview.
TECHNIQUESSmall talk about family with a VTB Muslim
will be superfluous. A martyr will have already tended to his family
as directed by the Koran. He will have made arrangements to provide
money for his family for 2 years and to provide a residence for 2 years.
VTB COUNTERMEASURES(taught during Al Qaeda training)Reveal some secretsAsk to see doctorAsk that evidence of
torture be entered in record
Raise one voice, curse the interrogator
Be patient, resistant, silent and prayerful
Proudly take a firm and opposing stance
Overreact to pain Pretend to be naïve and
ignorant Take advantage of visits
to communicate with brothers outside prison
Shout slogans from prison Be steadfast
COUNTERMEASURES
The most common countermeasure appears to be a cover story that the individual’s behaviors and/or travels are only to teach or study Islam.
NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONSJamaat E Tableigh - “the group that
reforms”Jamaat Dawa - “the group that calls
someone to their cause”Jamaat Eghatha - “the group that assists and
rescues”Lashkar E Taibe - specific to Pakistan -
similar to above
OTHER CRITICAL TERMS1. “Bayaat” -
allegiance to2. “Barakat” -
Blessings3. “Barakate”
reference to UBL at Gitmo
4. “Ahl El Beit” - The Core, trace their descent to Mohammed
5. “Sahaba” - The trusted company, lesser that Ahl El Beit
6. “Al Ansar” - The supporters, mostly Sunni, non-Arabs
SUMMARYIslam was created beginning in 610 AD.
The values, attitudes and beliefs demanded by Islam, then and now, continue to be the foundation for all that is occurring with regard to terroristic acts.
A terrorist views himself as a loyal soldier for Allah.
He will never give up in his attempt to install Islamic values worldwide.
Key Points1. Jihadists adhere to an extreme version of Islam2. Jihadists are divided3. Terrorism in the Middle East has multiple sources4. The primary struggle within Islam is over which
religious interpretation will prevail5. Large groups, such as HAMAS and Hezballah,
exist in the Middle East6. Locally, small homegrown cells are more likely to
cause problems7. The introduction of jihadist theology will disrupt
the Islamic community and cause dissention8. Evidence of the dissention will be found under
“Warning Signs”
Warning Signs
Dissention in local mosques
Young men living in mosques
People establishing mosques in their homes
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