Iron age roman transition comp
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‘Drawing lines in the sand: continuity and change in the Marches during
the Iron Age / Roman transition’
An archaeological investigation based on the material culture
Peter Reavill : Finds Liaison Officer
The Portable Antiquities Scheme in Herefordshire and Shropshire is supported
by the following institutions
Reconstruction of
Hen Gaer Iron Age hillfort, Bow Street,
near Aberystwyth
IA reconstructions
Preconceptions
Images of Ritual Feasting and Roman / Native interaction
Iron Age v
Roman
Celtic
If I use the word Celtic in this talk then I am not referring to a pan European group with a shared identity.
However, if I do use the term Celtic then I may be referring to a shared form of design or expression of artistic nature.
In Archaeology neat ‘catch all’ terms do not work– everything is much more messy and more complicated then we could possibly imagine.
The Coinage Evidence
Money makes the World Go Round
Or does it?
Gold Stater Inscribed CATTI of the Dubonni (North Shropshire)
Gold ¼ Stater Inscribed COR[IO] of the Dubonnni (Herefordshire)
Silver unit of Dubonnic Tribe –Weston Under Penyard HESH-544227
Iron Age CoinsMaterial only from Celtic Coin Index and PAS Dataset
Source of Coins
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Shropshire Wroxeter
Site
Nu
mb
er Dobunnic / Western
Other
Iron Age Coinage
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Gold Coinage Silver Coinage Copper Alloy
Material
Nu
mb
er Shropshire
Wroxeter
This chart shows the material the coin is made from. The blue shows Shropshire, purple: Wroxeter
This chart shows the Source / ‘Tribe’The blue shows Dobunni (Western), purple: Other
Reece Period Analysis of the DataShropshire compared with the British mean
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
Reece periods
Coi
ns p
er m
ill
Per mill
Britain Per Mill
This analysis shows considerable activity in the period R1 pre Claudian / Iron Age (pre 41 AD) - R10 Severus (238 AD) specifically R1 (pre 41 ) –R7
(138 AD)
This material is taken from Phillipa Walton PhD at UCL – completion date 2010
Shropshire compared with the British mean
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
Reece periods
Co
ins
per
mil
l
Per mill
Britain Per Mill
Herefordshire compared with the British mean
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
Reece periods
Co
ins
pe
r m
ill
Per Mill
Britain Per Mill
Comparison between Wroxeter (after Casey 1980) and PAS Data
Shropshire compared with the British mean
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
Reece periods
Coi
ns p
er m
ill
Per mill
Britain Per Mill
Coin Hoards
Some recent Hoards and what they tell us about money and circulation of currency
Albrighton Coin Hoard deposited AD 37 ish
Some examples of the coinage
Overley Hoarddeposited during
reign of Vespasian c. 79 AD
Pattingham Hoard Shropshire
Hoard of nearly 100 Silver Denari from the Oswestry Area
When encounter coins like this then care should be taken
Denarius of M Antonius 32-31 BCFrom Rossett, Wrexham HESH-B3BB24
Roman Denarii Left:Domitian AD 89 (HESH 927906)
Right: Marcus Aurelius AD170-171 (HESH BC7744)
Roman coin known as a Barbarous radiate (contemporary copy or forgery) dated
between 260 – 290 AD. Found in North
Herefordshire. HESH-F1B8F6
Reece Period Analysis of the DataShropshire compared with the British mean
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
Reece periods
Coi
ns p
er m
ill
Per mill
Britain Per Mill
This analysis shows considerable activity in the period R1 pre Claudian / Iron Age (pre 41 AD) - R10 Severus (238 AD) specifically R1 (pre 41 ) –R7
(138 AD)
This material is taken from Phillipa Walton PhD at UCL – completion date 2010
Artefacts
• These have been separated into a series of case studies showing relatively functional types. I have specifically highlighted those which are common or unusual in the Marches / West Midlands.
• Thoughts as to deposition or use will be given as we go along – site deposition will be discussed at the end.
Horse and Harness
Terret Rings
(HESH-78A2E1 and HESH-951174 )
Polychrome enamelled fragment from a skirted terret 1st century AD ish(WMID-3867F2 )
Late Iron Age Bridle CheekpieceCockshutt: CPAT-E87263
Paralleled with this example (the first from Wales) from Maescar, (Brecon)
Powys (NMGW-31C972 )
Linch pinLinch Pin from Staffordshire border
1st century AD WMID-94763
Strap Slide (HESH-116CA2)Mount (HESH-165726)
Strap Junction (HESH-F35BD6)
Dress Accessories
Iron Age La Tene (II) Style Bow
brooch HESH - 49FBD8
La Tene III Bow Brooch – N Shrops
One Piece Colchester Brooch (HESH-B5A7C1)
Colchester Derivative Brooches (Dolphin Types. 43 – 150 AD. Found in South
Herefordshire
Polden hill (Dolphin) type copper alloy (bronze) brooch. 43 – 100 AD. Found in
East Shropshire. HESH 2CBA21
Rare complete Roman bow (Polden Hill type) Brooch with pin found in East
Shropshire (HESH-4FE278)
Early Roman (75-150 AD) Trumpet Brooch – Whittington
Roman Trumpet Brooch – Bayston Hill – Shrewsbury HESH-53EAC7
Dragonesque Style Brooch, Bridgnorth Area HESH-69B018
Plate Brooch – Early Roman. HESH-040BF6
Gilt disc brooch – Cockshutt – 3rd CenturyHESH-E14AF3
Bulls Head Bucket Mounts
Bulls Head Bucket Mount from Staffordshire Border
Illustration of Bulls Head Mount
Late Iron Age Bulls-head Vessel Mount HESH-E00294
Bulls Head Vessel Mount, Newport Area (HESH-C96C96)
From Frodesley after Wroxeter Hinterland Project
Now in Shrewsbury Museum and Art Gallery
The Distribution of Bovine Vessel Mounts in Relation to Their Methods of Discovery or Recording
HESH-88D672 West FeltonHESH-83A395 Whitchurch
Cosmetic mortars
National Distribution of
Cosmetic Mortars
after Worrell2007
Button and Loop FastenersFound in North Shropshire. HESH-CB73D7
B&L Fastener – Newport HESH-61B3C2
B&L Fastener, Bayston Hill
B&L Fastener, PattinghamHESH-101F56
Enamelled Button and Loop Fastener
HESH-157F63
1st Century AD Toggle (HESH-786D48)
National Distribution of Button and Loop
Fasteners after Worrell
2007
Tankard Handle
(HESH-7757A4)
Three exceptional finds
1
Telford Torc
Snetisham Torc, Norfolk
Gold Pellet like ingots
of Iron Age composition from the
Rowton Area Shropshire
2
Pair of Iron Age Spoons Mid Shropshire – 2005
T228
Distribution of Spoons After Fitzpatrick 2008
Spoons from Penbryn, Dyfed
3
Copper alloy scabbard guard studied by Adam Gwilt and Mary Davis NGMW
Cardiff
And the only site which consistently produce Material from both the Roman and Iron Age periods
Tankard Handle
(HESH-7757A4)
What Next• Although I have spoken for too Long (Sorry)
• There is very little site specific information about finds in Shropshire when compared to the other known archaeology
• Finds tell you about people and can tell you as much about an area as any other form of archaeology
• More fieldwork is desperately needed• A well thought out research strategy for the county is also
needed – with this practical research can be carried out to answer some of the big questions
• Who can do this:I suggest the audience may have the answer
• Although I will lend a hand!
Peter Reavill; Finds Liaison Officer
Ludlow Museum Resource Centre
7-9, Parkway. Ludlow. Shropshire.
SY8 2PG
Telephone: 01584 813 641
Email: peter.reavill@shropshire.gov.uk
Website: www.finds.org.uk.
or visit me at one of my regular finds ID days
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