IoT sensors design trend for wearable system sensors design trend for wearable system Sep. 2015 ... •Sensor application type •Wearable system & Applications •MEMS devices and
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External Use
TM
IoT sensors design trend for
wearable system
Sep. 2015
Eric Wu | Sr. FAE
TM
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Agenda
• Sensor application type
• Wearable system & Applications
• MEMS devices and application
• Summary
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Sensor application type
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Types of Sensor Applications
• Real time output
• Data logging
• Event trigger
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Real Time Output
• Sample, filter and report
• Typical applications
− Measuring instruments (including
artificial horizon)
− Pointing user interfaces
− Dead reckoning
• Careabouts
− Balance between accuracy
(specifics application dependent)
and power consumption
− Sometimes more than 1 sensor
− Sometimes filtering is required
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Data Logging
• Sample, store, transmit
− Store and sends sensor data along
with a time stamp to off-chip
− Sometimes data is processed and
only higher level info is logged
• Typical applications
− Asset tracking
− Safe driving tracker
− Exercise/fitness bands
− Industrial process monitor
• Careabouts
− Active or standby power (sampling
frequency dependent)
− Sampling control/timestamp
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Event Triggers
• Level trigger
− Simple: provided in hardware
− Vulnerable to offset drift
− Usually applied to filtered data
• Event trigger
− Recognize a signature over time
Time domain signature, e.g. footstep,
gesture, pulse, breath
Frequency domain (statistical)
signature, e.g. prognostics
− Sensor Data Analytics and
Context Aware
• Trigger accuracy
− False negative
− False positive
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4.6BILLIONOWN A
TOOTHBRUSH
24.0BILLIONUNMANNED
INTERNET
DEVICES7.3BILLIONUSE A
CELL PHONE,
TABLET
OR PC
2025 – Huge Growth Ahead: The Internet of Things
Number of sensors at work
• 5 sensors typically for connected
devices in 2015
• Predicted to be 20 sensors in 2025
• 480 billion/half a trillion sensors
2015 20252013
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25BILLION
* Sources: Ericsson, February 2011; Cisco Internet Business Solutions Group (IBSG), April 2011
The Internet of Things is Driving
In Connected Devices
Explosive Growth50
BILLION
World Population
2003 2010 2015 20202008
<1x 2x 3.5x 6.5x 1x # ConnectedDevices/Person
12.5BILLION
7.2B6.8B
6.5B6.3B
7.6B
2025
4 to 5 Sensors per
connected Device
10 to 20 Sensors per
connected Device
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INTERNET OF THINGSDifferent Services,
Different TechnologiesDifferent Meanings for Everyone
Miniaturization & advances in packaging technologies
Advances in flash
New class of powerfulbut low-cost & low-power MCUs
Cloud-based services
And the Word
“SMART”Is Everywhere!
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Wearable system & Applications
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What Is A Wearable Device?
• Products that enhance the user’s experience as a result
of the product being worn through sensing, connectivity
and processing of data
Key Market Trends
for Wearables:
• Miniaturization
• Low power
• Connectivity
• Multiple sensors
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Wearable Blocks
Manage Power
PMIC
Battery
Battery charging
Connect
Wi-Fi
Bluetooth
Bluetooth LE
NFC
ANT+
USB
Sense & Store
Sensors
GPS
External Memory
Internal Memory
Compute
CPU
HW
Accel.
Display
Display Glass
Display drivers
Interface
Buttons and Dials
I/O
Touch and Proximity
Audio In/Out
Image and Voice
Recog.
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Wearable functional diagram
Freescale
Technology
Optional
Main Processor
(MCU/MPU)
USB
Mini-AB
Power Management
(Batt. Charge)
Battery
BLE Wi-FiBluetooth
GPS
Ext.
FLASH
Display
Piezo
Vibe
Audio
Codec
I2C
USB
I2SCo-Processor
MCU
Sensor
Fusion
UART
SPI
Ext.
SRAM
Ext.
Bus
I2C(s)
UART SDIO
UART
SPI
Timer
USB
Timer
Ext.
Bus
SPI
Ext.
Bus I2C
I2C
Or
Analog
3-axis
Magnetometer
3-axis
Accelerometer
3-axis
Gyro
Pressure
Sensor
Sensor Fusion
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Wearable Market: Segmentation
Vertical Categories
Fitness &
Wellness
Sports & Heart Rate Monitors
Pedometers, Activity Monitors
Smart Sport Glasses
Smart Clothing
Sleep Monitors
Emotional Measurements
Healthcare &
Medical
CGM (Continuous Glucose Monitoring )
ECG Monitoring
Pulse Oximetry
Blood Pressure Monitors
Drug Delivery (Insulin Pumps)
Wearable Patches (ECG, HRM, SpO2)
Infotainment
Smart Watches
Augmented Reality Headsets
Smart Glasses
Wearable Imaging Devices
Industrial &
Military
Hand-worn Terminals
Augmented Reality Headsets
Smart Clothing
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Wearable Market: Diverse Usage Models
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Application Example: Smart Fitness Coach
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Wearables is Not Just Smart Watches…
Wearable Ring
Scanner
Headset Running
Voice Recognition
Nymi, Heart-rate Based
Password Authentication
Kiwi Wearables –
Personal Tracker
Fitness/
Activity Monitors
Smart Glasses
Virtual Reality
HeadsetHeadset
Computer
Angel – first open
sensor for health and
fitness
Bone Conduction
Bluetooth headset cap
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Wearable in Military
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Wearable airbag for rider
„Invisible Helmet“
Airbag helmet to protect the neck
with sensors located under the seat
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Wearable airbag for workman
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Wearable airbag for Healthcare
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MMA9555 Ref Design in Wearable Device
• Ref Design with main Bluetooth chipset vendors such as
Broadcom on wearable reference design
− SMART RING (BCM20736S + MMA9555)
• Power consumption optimized from system design
• Promote jointly with Broadcom
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Wearable/Active Lifestyle: Freescale Sensors Proposal
What is this?
• Related to ubiquitous computing, wearable sensor
technology share the vision of interweaving
technology into the everyday life.
Variants
• Altimeter, GPS
• Gaming
• Pedometer—running style, how much shock, pace etc.
• Black box for GoPro type devices
• Concussion monitoring
• Augmented reality headsets
• Wearable computing
• Smart clothing
• Smart watches
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Wearable/Active Lifestyle: Freescale Sensors Proposal
Enabled by Freescale Accelerometers, Gyroscopes, Sensing Platforms, Magnetic
Sensors and Touch Sensors
• MMA9555 is the intelligent pedometer platform
• FXLC95000 as a sensor hub and datalogger
• MAG3110 and MMA8491 combined in the FXOS8700, for orientation, motion,
vibration, shock, fall, g-force, etc. are present
• MPL3115A digital pressure
sensor for altimetry
• FXAS21002 gyroscope
provides the stability
needed for a drift free
readings; when talking
accelerometer think gyroscope too…
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MEMS devices and application
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Pressure/Altimetry Smart Sensing Sensor Fusion
GyroscopeMagnetometerAccelerometer
From Simple Function to Smart Sensing www.freescale.com/sensors
Mobile&
Entertainment
Medical & Health Appliance Industry
Automation
Automotive
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Sensor Type: Accelerometers
• Acceleration sensors detect changes in force resulting from tilt, motion,
positioning, shock, and vibration.
• Capable of single, dual, or triple axis sensing capability with range from
1.5g to 250g.
• Devices are system-in-a-package (two chip) solutions comprised of:
- g-cell: Surface micromachined (MEMS) capacitive sensing cells modeled as a
set of beams attached to a central mass that moves between fixed beams.
- Control IC: Measures g-cell capacitance and extracts acceleration data,
provides amplification, signal conditioning, low pass filtering and temperature
compensation.
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Sensor Type: Gyroscope
• Gyroscopes are used for measuring angular rate, measured in deg/s
• They enable both user interface and image stabilization applications
• TAM by 2015 is expected to be $800M+
• When you see an accelerometer opportunity, think gyroscope too!
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Sensor Type: Magnetometer
• Magnetometer: An instrument for measuring the magnitude and
direction of a magnetic field.
• When combined with an accelerometer to compensate the tilt, it
is primarily used as an eCompass. It allows map alignment while
moving.
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Devices are composed of single silicon, piezoresistive devices capable of monitoring processes in the industrial, medical, automotive, and avionics industries. Pressure sensors are composed of the following reference designs:
− Differential: difference in pressure between two points is measured as pressure is applied to both sides of the die/sensing element
− Gauge: bottom side is exposed to the atmosphere, while pressure is applied to top of die
− Absolute: pressure is applied to the top of the die while the bottom of the die is a vacuum-sealed reference
Sensor Type: Pressure Sensors
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Sensor Strengths & Weaknesses
Sensor Strengths Weaknesses
Accelerometer
• Inexpensive
• Extremely low power
• Very linear
• Very low noise
• Measures the difference of gravity
and acceleration. We need them
separate.
Magnetometer
• The only sensor that can orient
itself with regard to “North”
• Insensitive to linear acceleration
• Subject to magnetic interference
• Not “spatially constant”
Gyro
• Independent of linear acceleration
• Can be used to “gyro-compensate”
the magnetometer
• Power hog
• Long startup time
• Zero rate offset drifts over time
Pressure Sensor
• The only stand-alone sensor that
can give an indication of altitude
• A “relative” measurement
• Subject to many interferences and
environmental factors
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What is Sensor Fusion
Sensor fusion encompasses a variety of
techniques:
• Trade off strengths and weaknesses of
the various sensors to compute
something more than can be calculated
using the individual components;
• Improve the quality and noise level of
computed results by taking advantage of:
− Known data redundancies between
sensors
− Knowledge of system transfer functions,
dynamics and/or kinematics
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• Tangential and Centripetal
acceleration
• Angular velocity
• Magnetic field change
• Camera scenery (interest
points) move
• GPS heading (when there is
sufficient linear movement)
Using More than One Sensor a.k.a. Sensor Fusion
• Different (types of) sensors
have different noise and error
sources
• Sensor fusion uses redundant
information to improve
measurement
− 6-axis (A+G, A+M)
− 9-axis (A+G+M)
− 10-axis (A+G+M+P)
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Typical “Minimum” Sensor Complements / Application
Application Acc Mag Gyro Pressure
Portrait/landscape, tap detect, fall
detection
X
Pedometry, vibration analysis, tiltmeter X
eCompass, pointing/remote control,
augmented/virtual reality
X X
Virtual gyro X X
Gyro-compensated eCompass X X X
Activity monitors X X
X X
Motion capture X X X
3D mapping & localization X X X X
Image stabilization, gesture recognition X X
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ISF 2.1 for Kinetis MCUs
Differentiating Points
− Sensor application code auto-generation using Processor
Expert technology
− Deployable across entire line of Freedom development
platforms
− Sensor Fusion library has been integrated as an “Orientation”
sensor
− Register Level Interface allows low-level access to sensor
registers
Product Features
− Projects available for FRDM-KL25Z, FRDM-K22F and FRDM-
K64F
− Supports a broad set of Freescale sensors including
MMA8652/8653, MAG3110, FXOS8700, FXAS21002,
FXLS8471, MPL3115 and others
− Example projects available for both CodeWarrior 10.6 and
Kinetis Design Studio 2.0 Integrated Development
Environments
ISF 2.1 for Kinetis MCUs allows you to write an embedded sensor application in less than 30
minutes without writing a single line of code using Processor Expert technology
ISF 2.1 for Kinetis MCUs allows you to write an embedded sensor application in less than 30
minutes without writing a single line of code using Processor Expert technology
Applications
− Sensor Data Analytics
− Internet of Things
− Consumer Electronics
− Wearable Electronics
− Medical Devices
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Intelligent Sensing Framework (ISF)
High-level code
Low-level code
Reuse this stuff
over and over
Defined Interface
Application
Code
ISF accelerates embedded software engineering efforts to
integrate sensors into FXLC95000 and Kinetis MCUs
Applications specific code
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Freescale Sensor Fusion Library
Product Features
• Functionality
• 3-axis, 2-axis heading, 6-axis
eCompass,6-axis indirect Kalman
filter, 3-axis relative rotation, and 9-
axis indirect Kalman filter
• Programmable sampling, fusion
rates, and frame of reference,
• Included projects
• Kinetis K20, KL25Z, KL26Z, KL46Z,
and K64F Freedom boards
• Use of Freescale Multi sensor
boards
• CodeWarrior and Kinetis Design
Studio
• Additional commercial support and
services available
Full featured sensor fusion library, including the award winning e-compass software
Fully open source, eliminating proprietary constraints, increasing flexibility, and decreasing time-to-market
$
Learn more by searching sensor fusion
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HAL
Libraries(DSP, Math,
Encryption)
MCU Hardware
Customer Application
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Key Development Tools
FRDM-STBC-AGM01 FRDM-FXS-MULT2-B
Part Number Freescale DevicesOnline
AvailabilityPrice Comments
BRKT-STBC-AGM01 FXAS21002, FXOS8700 NOW $11.95 Breakout board with access to all I/O
FRDM-STBC-AGM01 FXAS21002, FXOS8700 NOW $15.95
Sensor Shield Board. Pairs with a variety
of Kinetis MCU boards including KL25Z,
KL26Z, K22F, K64F
FRDM-K64F-AGM01FXAS21002, FXOS8700,
FRDM-K64FNOW $52.95 Sensor Shield + MCU sold as a single kit
FRDM-FXS-MULTI-B
FRDM-FXS-MULT2-B
FXAS2100x, FXOS8700,
MPL3115, MAG3110,
MMA955x, MMA8652,
FXLS8471
MULT2-B
available
May 2015
$99.00
Sensor shield board with Bluetooth.
MULT2-B updates gyro from pre-
production version (FXAS21000) to
released version (FXAS21002)
BRKT-STBC-AGM01 FRDM-K64F-AGM01
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Freescale opty for Airbag Wearable system
• Provide MCU + 6-axis or 9 axis sensor fusion solutions
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Sport/Smart Band mainly control by Freescale Sensors, MCUs, battery charging,
wireless charging…
Bluetooth
(BlueRadios nBlue BR-
LE4.0-D2A)
Android or iOS
Pedometer eCompassTemp.
Kinetis MCU M0+
FRDM-FXS-MULTI-B + FRDM-KL25Z
(81 mm x 53 mm)
Wireless Charger
(5W TX&RX)
Pressure
MC34673 Li-Ion Charger
Sensor (MMA9553, MPL3115, FXOS8700, FXAS21002, MAG3110)
Gryo Mag
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Sensors and the Wearable/IoT: Limitless Opportunities
Serving150+ different
applications per year
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SummaryMEMS sensors continue to proliferate rapidly
More diverse markets are being served
More complete solution =
Sensor + Connecitivty + Processing
Continuing innovation: Freescale
has been leading sensor innovation
for almost 35 years
TM
© 2014 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | External Use
www.Freescale.com
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