Ionic Compounds using Polyatomic Ions
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Ionic Compounds usingPolyatomic Ions
Chapter 5
2
What is a Polyatomic Ion?
A cluster of atoms (usually nonmetals) that use molecular bonding within the cluster.
More than one atom covalently bonded (sharing electrons) together carrying a charge (the cluster needs to gain or lose electrons to be satisfied).
3
-ates and -ites
nitriteNO2
-1
sulfiteSO3
-2
phosphitePO3
-3
nitrateNO3
-1
sulfateSO4
-2
phosphate
PO4-3
4
Notable Exceptions
ammonium(a positive polyatomic)
NH4+1
cyanide CN-1
hydroxide OH-1
ferricyanide Fe(CN)6-3
ferrocyanide Fe(CN)6-4
5
What if there’s more than two?
hypochlorite ClO-1
chlorite ClO2-1
chlorate ClO3-1
perchlorate ClO4-1
6
Write the chemical formula for calcium chlorate
• Ca+2 ClO3-1
Ca(ClO3)2
7
Write the chemical formula for aluminum carbonate
• Al+3 CO3-2
Al2(CO3)3
8
Write the chemical formula foriron (III) dichromate
• Fe+3 Cr2O7-2
• note that dichromate does not mean two chromates, it is a particular ion
✓ it got its name for the two chromium’s in the ion, not because there will be two of the polyatomic ions in the compound
Fe2(Cr2O7)3
9
Write the chemical formula for nickel(II) nitrite
• Ni+2 NO2-1
• Note the charge on the nitrite is -1 not 2x-1, the subscript 2 is part of the ion.
Ni(NO2)2
10
Write the chemical formula for gallium cyanide
• not GaCN3
✓ you need 3 cyanides to go with the one gallium
Ga(CN)3
11
Write the name for Mn(SO4)2
Manganese(IV) sulfate
12
Write the name for (NH4)3PO4
Ammonium phosphate• ammonium, NH4
+1 is one of the few positive polyatomic ions
13
Write the name for Ca2Fe(CN)6
• how do you know whether it is ferrocyanide or ferricyanide?
✓ look at the fact that there are 2 Ca+2 ions present
✓ that means that the total cation is +4 and thus the anion must be -4 to match.
calcium ferrocyanide
14
Write the name for AuSCN
gold(I) thiocyanate
15
Write the chemical formula for tin(IV) hydroxide
Sn(OH)4
16
Write the name for CuCO3
copper(II) carbonate
17
Write the chemical formula for copper(I) ferrocyanide
Cu2Fe(CN)6
18
Write the name for CoAs
cobalt(III) arsenide
19
Write the chemical formula for uranium(VI) fluoride
UF6
20
Write the name forcadmium acetate
Cd(C2H3O2)2
21
Write the chemical formula for iron(III) sulfite
Fe2(SO3)3
22
Write the name for Cr(ClO)3
chromium(III) hypochlorite
23
Write the chemical formula for ammonium nitrate
NH4NO3
24
Write the name for Mg(OH)2
magnesium hydroxide
25
Write the chemical formula for K3Fe(CN)6
potassium ferricyanide
26
Write the name for Pb(Cr2O7)2
lead(IV) dichromate
27
It’s all in the name....
28
Which formula contains the most number of “atoms?”
11 atoms 7 atoms
Mn(SO4)2 Cr(ClO)3
29
Which formula contains the greatest number of ions?
3 ions 4 ions
Mn(SO4)2 Cr(ClO)3
30
Which formula has the highest total charge on the anions?
- 4 - 3
Mn(SO4)2 Cr(ClO)3
31
Which formula has the largest molar mass?
55+2(32)+8(16) 52+3(35.5)+3(16)= 247 = 206.5
Mn(SO4)2 Cr(ClO)3
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