Introductory Lecture Exercise Preparation Methodology - Introduction... · affecting their Nature, Scope and Methodology: ... The Exercise Management & Control System ... the EMS

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Introductory Lecture

Exercise Preparation Methodology & Process

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The Training System uses various methods of

instruction, of which the Exercise is the most

important Practice-Oriented of them.

Training is knowledge imparting process aimed

at preparing:

An individual to perform his/her duties, or

A group (HQ/Institution) to perform its functions

and tasks.

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Exercise is a Methodical Activity, aimed at :

Practicing The Exercised Body (EB) in performing

procedures and tasks, as their specific ones.

Testing the Exercised Body knowledge & skill.

Developing creative – “out of the box” - thinking.

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Exercises are designed to practice one or a number of the following issues:

Perform Staff Work and Work Procedures.

Establish a new and/or develop an existing HQ/unit/system.

Coordinate and/or cooperate.

Evaluate: subjects, procedures, concept, system or doctrine.

Maintain/enhance the Preparedness & Readiness.

Evaluate performance

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Exercises are governed by a set of parameters

affecting their Nature, Scope and Methodology :

Opening Narrative & Scenario.

Venue & Time.

Participants & Level of Exercise.

Equipment/Systems.

Communications – Means and Systems.

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The Opening Narrative :

Describes the events that led to the current State of

Affairs.

Provides the Background for The Exercise.

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The Scenario - Describes the events, current

situation and the start state, in light of which the

EB starts performing in the exercise.

Types of Scenarios:

Forecasted/anticipated Scenario.

Hypothetical Scenario.

Mixed Scenario.

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The Venue - Describes the exercise “Theatre of

Operation” assigned for the exercise:

The Actual Area.

The Substitute Area.

A “Pictured” (Computerized) Area.

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The Time - The yardstick for the various activities

in The Exercise :

Real Time (one to one).

Loose Time (not restricted).

Scaled Time (relative timing).

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The Exercise Participants (composition & roles):

Actual organization.

Planned organization.

Partial (observers/shifts).

The Exercise Management & Control System

(EMS).

The Evaluation Team.

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The Exercise Levels:

One Level Exercise (Only one echelon is exercised,

whereas its subordinates are simulated by the EMS).

Two/Multi Level Exercise (2 or more echelons are

exercised, whereas their subordinates are simulated by the

EMS).

Variable Level Exercise.

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Equipment & Communications used in the exercise

(Types & quantities):

Original, usually used by the EB.

New - to be practiced/tested.

Communications – Line, Radio, Written,

Computerized.

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Exercises vary in Type and Nature.

The variation stems from :

The Exercise Aim and Objectives.

The Exercised Body (EB) composition.

Combination of parameters "tailored" in-light of

the Aim, Objectives & the EB composition.

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Main types of exercises :

HQ/Staff Exercises – Operation Center, Tactical

Exercise Without Troops (TWET), Table Top.

Unit/Facility Exercises - Full scale, Trimmed/

Skeletal, TWET.

Combined/Functional Exercise Full scale,

Trimmed/Skeletal.

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The Success of an Exercise depends on the extent

and quality of its planning & preparation.

The planning & preparation of an Exercise is a

deliberate and a systematic Process involving

comprehensive Staff Work.

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The 5 stages of preparing an Exercise:

Initiating the exercise (By the higher level HQ).

Finalizing the exercise concept (by the EPT- Exercise Preparation Team).

Preparing the Exercise Planning Guidance file (by the EPT).

Issuing General Instructions (by the EB).

Preparing the exercise file (by the EPT).

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•Concept

Conduct of Exercise

Lessons Learnt

Lessons Learnt in Previous Exercises

(Database)

•Aim & Objectives

•Main Subjects

•Participants

•Main Subjects

•Resources/Logistics

•Aim & Objectives

•Required Attainments

•Organization & Admin

•Comms. & Security

•Participants Opening Narrative

Scenario (s)

Start-State

Events/Injects

Exercise Preparation - Methodology

Ex. Foundations Ex. Outline &

Organization File

Ex. Triggers

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Exercise Foundation Preparation

Preparation of The Exercise Concept, (incl. presentation), includes the following topics:

General

Aim of The Exercise

The Exercise Objectives & Main Subjects to be exercised

Doctrinal Issue/s (if any)

Operational Background.

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Exercise Concept Preparation (Cont’d)

Preparation of The Exercise Concept, includes the following topics (Cont’d):

• The Preparations for The Exercise:

The EB Preparations & Preparatory Training.

The Technical Exercise.

The Control System (EMS) Preparation.

• Each preparation activity should specify:

Duration and Method of conduct.

Venue and Organization.

Participants and Subjects.

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Exercise Concept Preparation (Cont’d)

Preparation of The Exercise Concept, includes the following topics (Cont’d):

•Annexes (graphically presented):

The Exercise schedule.

The EB Structure.

The Control Structure.

The Control System Vs the EB

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Exercise Outline & Organization File Preparation

The Exercise Outline & Organization file includes:

The Exercise Concept/Foundations (as approved by the initiating HQ).

Resources & Logistics.

The Exercise Organization & Admin.

Communications.

Security.

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Exercise O&O File Preparation (Cont’d)

The Exercise Organization :

The Exercise parts.

The Exercised Body (EB) – see next slide.

The Exercise Control System (EMS) – see next slide

Venue of The Exercise.

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Hospitals

Traffic Control

Mass Evacuation

Weather Condition

Law Enforcement

Public Health

Food & Water Supply

Higher Level Authority Media Public

International Agencies

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Simulation in Exercises

To make the exercise realistic, there’s a need to simulate the “occurrences on the ground”.

To do so, the EMS are using “Incident Reports” that describe the “event” and disseminate it to the relevant elements of the exercised body’s (EB) echelons.

The receiving bodies act to deal with the occurrences in line with relevant procedures and flow of information system.

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Data

Hospitals

Traffic Control

Mass Evacuation Shelters

Food & Water Supply

Law Enforcement Public Health

Higher Level Authority Media Public

International Agencies

Simulation in Exercises

E

P

M

T

Weather Condition

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Preparation of Incident Reports/Injects

The “incident Reports/Injects” should:

Present “occurrences on the ground” according to a logical & realistic sequence of an event’s development that require action to be taken by the EB according to its procedures.

Be prepared in line with the Aim & Objectives set for the exercise.

Disseminated to the relevant echelons of the EB.

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Exercise Objective Exercise Objective Exercise Objective

Exercise AIM

Main Subject Main Subject Main Subject

Injects Group Injects Group Injects Group

Inject Inject Inject

Events/Injects – Preparation Methodology

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Format of an Incident Report/Inject

classification

Incident Report No…..

Date & Time of Report: When was/should the event be reported

From: The Reporting Body

To: The Receiving Body

1. Nature of Incident: Heading of the type/nature of the event

2. Date & time of Incident: When did the event happen

3. Location of Incident: Where did it happen

4. Effect/Details of Incident: Description of what has happened & its effects

5. Action Taken (by the reporting body):

6. Support required (by the Reporting Body from the Receiving body):

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Plant

Emergency

HQs

Forest

Leak of Hazardous

materials

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• Whom does the Plant (person in the Incident Site) inform to?

• How is the information regarding the event disseminated and

among who/which HQs?

• Assuming it is needed to evacuate the “City”, who decides about it,

who makes the plan with regards to where to evacuate?, how much

forces required? how to inform the population? how to manage the

logistical aspects of such operation (traffic control, provision of

minimal support to evacuees)? Etc.

• Who decides which roads should be taken by the emergency units

dispatched to handle the event.

• How the availability of resources is monitored and who decides

about priorities?

• And many more questions…………………………………

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The data required, relates to the bodies participating in the

exercise and the exercise area, to enable preparing a realistic

exercise:

• Locations – Cities, Hospitals, Schools, Places of warship,

HQs, Roads, Bridges, Plants, Emergency Units, etc.

• Flow of information:

• Reporting Bodies – Higher level HQs, some of the

exercised bodies’ lower level/echelons.

• Receiving Bodies – mainly the exercised body elements.

• Reporting Method – Forms & Formats, mode of Comms.

• Available Resources – such as fire engines per unit/station,

ambulances, hospital vacancies, etc.

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The following describes the main preparatory activities to be carried

out by the Exercised Body:

• Review/update:

Respective emergency related procedures & SOP.

Contingency plans.

Flow of information system.

Manning & Equipping of HQs & Command/Ops. Centers.

• Prepare lists/Tables of available resources, such as: fire engines per

unit/station, ambulances, hospital vacancies, special equipment

(e.g. cranes, tow cars, special vehicles) etc. This data will later be

put on the Gepsus system as a “Start State Data” and monitored

by the EB during the exercise like it would be in reality.

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The Exercise

Control System

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Exercise Control System

Definitions:

• Exercise Initiator – the HQ/Head that decides and approves the

Exercises work plan (incl. their number, types, timing and main issues

to be practiced).

• EPT – a group of officers nominated as the Exercise Preparation Team.

• Control System – a group of officers nominated to manage and

control an Exercise (also known as EMS).

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Exercise Control System (Cont’d)

Responsibilities:

• EPT – Responsible for preparation of:

• The Exercise Concept.

• The Exercise Outline & Organization File.

• The Exercise Report.

• Control System (EMS) – Responsible for the following:

• Managing The Exercise.

• Controlling The Exercise.

• Debriefing The Exercise.

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Exercise Control System (Cont’d)

Functions:

• Management Element – Is comprised of:

• The Exercise Director.

• The Exercise Chief Controller (in large exercises he has an assistant).

• The Exercise Coordinator in complex & large scale exercises).

• The Exercised Body Controllers (professional controllers if needed).

• Control Element – Is comprised of:

• High Control – Representing higher echelons & related Bodies.

• Low Control – Representing Subordinate bodies.

• Simulation – Representing ground trigering elements.

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Exercise Control System (Cont’d)

Functions (Cont’d):

• Exercise Director: • In overall charge of the management and control of The Exercise.

• Represents the Head of the higher echelon.

• Exercise Chief Controller:

• Controls the activities in the exercise through the controllers and the

EMS staff representing the High and the Low Controls.

• Coordinates and updates the EMS Staff members.

•Exercise Coordinator:

• Controls and monitors the exercised body’s activities.

• Clarifies issues and assists the EB if and when required.

• Updates the Chief Controller on any change/deviation in the exercise

plan.

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Thank You