Transcript
Introduction to VagrantMarcelo Correia Pinheiro
Friday, March 29, 13
Friday, March 29, 13
Friday, March 29, 13
What is Vagrant?A tool to build development environments based on virtual machines
Focused to create environments that are similar as possible or identical with production servers
Created by Mitchell Hashimoto
Written in Ruby
Initially builted on top of VirtualBox API, today offers VMWare Fusion support (as $79 per licence)
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How I install Vagrant?
Get VirtualBox first
Download installer on Vagrant site (Debian, CentOS, Windows, OSX, other OS’s)
Get a Vagrant box
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What is a Vagrant Box?
Is a previously builted Vagrant virtual machine image, ready-to-run
Available in a lot of platforms (Linux, Windows, BSD)
You can create one! :)
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How I add a box?
Great box repository: www.vagrantbox.es
Run this command:
$ vagrant box add <name> <url> <provider> # virtualbox
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How I create a environment?
Inside your project, create a Vagrantfile:
$ vagrant init <your box name>
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How I create a environment?
# -*- mode: ruby -*-# vi: set ft=ruby :
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config| # All Vagrant configuration is done here. The most common configuration # options are documented and commented below. For a complete reference, # please see the online documentation at vagrantup.com.
# Every Vagrant virtual environment requires a box to build off of. config.vm.box = "my_precious_box"
# ... # A list of options here # ...end
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How I start to use it?
Simply run this command:
$ vagrant up
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How I connect to it?
Easy:
$ vagrant ssh
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How I stop it?
Easy:
$ vagrant halt
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How I restart it?
Easy:
$ vagrant reload
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How I access it?You need to set forwarding ports between guest and host to work (bind on 0.0.0.0!)
Just add the following code in your Vagrantfile, restart server and access in browser:
# -*- mode: ruby -*-# vi: set ft=ruby :
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config| # ...
config.vm.network :forwarded_port, guest: 3000, host: 3000
# ...end
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How I customize it?You can change memory, CPU cores and other things in Vagrantfile
Just see VBoxManage options
Example:
# -*- mode: ruby -*-# vi: set ft=ruby :
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config| # ...
config.vm.provider :virtualbox do |vb| vb.customize [ 'modifyvm', :id, '--memory', '1024' ] vb.customize [ 'modifyvm', :id, '--cpus', '4' ] end
# ...end
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That’s it?Of course, no! :)
It’s time to configure environment using available provisioners to install required software:
Chef Solo
Chef Server
Puppet Apply
Puppet Server
Shell
CFEngine (experimental)
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Using Chef Solo
First, run chef-solo installation based on Opscode website in your guest:
$ sudo true && curl -L https://www.opscode.com/chef/install.sh | sudo bash
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Using Chef SoloGet all necessary recipes from Opscode site
Great repo with a lot of recipes
Manual recipe dependency resolution sometimes
# -*- mode: ruby -*-# vi: set ft=ruby :
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config| # ...
config.vm.provision :chef_solo do |chef| chef.add_recipe 'apt' chef.add_recipe 'build-essential' chef.add_recipe 'ruby1.9' chef.add_recipe 'mondodb' chef.add_recipe 'redis' end
# ...end
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Using Chef SoloOr Install berkshelf
Vagrant plugin very similar to Bundler
generate a Berksfile in app root and run:
$ berks install --path vendor/cookbooks
source :opscode
cookbook 'mysql'cookbook 'nginx', '~> 0.101.5'
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Using Chef ServerConfigure Vagrantfile to use a Chef Server as a repository
Requires a URL and a PEM key to connect
# -*- mode: ruby -*-# vi: set ft=ruby :
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config| # ...
config.vm.provision :chef_client do |chef| chef.chef_server_url = 'https://your-chef-server.devops.com' chef.validation_key_path = 'your-private-key.pem' end
# ...end
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Using Puppet Apply
Install Puppet from official repository in your guest VM:
# wget http://apt.puppetlabs.com/puppetlabs-release-squeeze.deb# dpkg -i puppetlabs-release-squeeze.deb
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Using Puppet Apply
Change Vagrantfile to use Puppet manifest files:
# -*- mode: ruby -*-# vi: set ft=ruby :
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config| # ...
config.vm.provision :puppet do |puppet| puppet.manifests_path = 'manifests' puppet.manifest_file = 'my-devops-puppet-manifest.pp' end
# ...end
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Using Puppet Apply
Write Puppet manifest with all software that your app needs
Depending of what you need, some additional configuration is required
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Using Puppet ServerChange Vagrantfile to connect on a Puppet Server
Set node hostname if you need
Add some options too
# -*- mode: ruby -*-# vi: set ft=ruby :
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config| # ...
config.vm.provision :puppet_server do |puppet| puppet.puppet_server = 'http://your-master-of-puppets.devops.com' puppet.puppet_node = 'my-precious-puppet.devops.com' puppet.options = '--verbose --debug' end
# ...end
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Using ShellCreate a single bash script that installs all you need:
#!/bin/bash
apt-get update
# baseapt-get install --yes python nginx mongodb-server redis-server
# othersapt-get install --yes curl tmux htop
(...)
# some additional configuration here
(...)
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Installing software
Easy:
$ vagrant provision
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Creating a custom boxYou can create custom boxes to distribute between development teams
Requires a fresh installation of a virtual machine based on Vagrant conventions and some manual configuration
Awesome advantage: you can repackage a existent Vagrant package after updating a existent VM
Next steps are based on Debian distro as VM with VirtualBox as provider
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Creating a custom box
Installation steps:
set root password: vagrant
create a user with login vagrant and pwd vagrant
machine name: vagrant-debian-squeeze
machine host: vagrantup.com
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Creating a custom boxPost-installation steps:
Install sudo on virtual machine
Add a group permission with visudo:
%admin ALL=NOPASSWD: ALL
Download SSH insecure pair files:
https://github.com/mitchellh/vagrant/tree/master/keys/
Save public key on GUEST in ~/.ssh/authorized_keys and all keys in HOST
Or generate a custom pair of SSH keys and distribute it
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Creating a custom box
Post-installation steps:
Install VirtualBox Guest Additions with /Cmd|Ctrl/-D
Remove pre-installed packages:
# apt-get remove --purge virtualbox-ose-*
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Creating a custom box
Post-installation steps:
VirtualBox needs xorg drivers, kernel headers and gcc to correctly build Guest Additions kernel module. Run:
# apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r) build-essential xorg
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Creating a custom box
# mount /media/cdrom# sh /media/cdrom/VBoxLinuxAdditions.run
Post-installation steps:
Run VirtualBox Guest Additions installer:
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Creating a custom box
After all steps, shutdown your VM
Execute in host:
$ vagrant package <vm-name> --base <package-name> --output <box-file>
$ vagrant box add <package-name> <box-file> virtualbox
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Creating a custom box
If you don’t want to build step-by-step, try veewee
https://github.com/jedi4ever/veewee
Supports VMWare Fusion, VirtualBox and KVM
Enable boxing based on a ISO file
Run as a Vagrant Plugin
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Performance TipsSlow I/O on Guest
Enable Host I/O cache on SATA Controller
Slow with CPU-bound tasks
Set Motherboard Chipset to ICH9
Still searching for a solution to slow webserver bootstrap (Ruby / Python)
Anomalous kernel CPU execution time while loading
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FAQ Time
It’s time to make a question! :)
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Thank you! :)
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