Introduction to Investigation and Experimentation
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Introduction to Investigation and Experimentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9.a, 9.b, 9.c, 9.e, 9.f, 9.g
What is science? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9.b
Tools of the Physical Scientist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 9.a, 9.b, 9.c, 9.e, 9.f, 9.g
Case Study: Wind Turbines for the Birds . . . .34 9.a, 9.c, 9.f
Unit 1 Motion and Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Chapter 1 Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
California Standards
Lesson 1 Determining Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 1.a
Lesson 2 Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration . . . . . . . . 56 1.b, 1.c, 1.d, 1.e, 9.b, 9.f
Lesson 3 Graphing Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 1.f, 9.d, 9.e
Standards Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82–83
Chapter 2 Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Lesson 1 Combining Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 2.a, 2.b, 2.c, 9.g
Lesson 2 Types of Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 2.d
Lesson 3 Unbalanced Forces and Acceleration . . . . 106 2.d, 2.e, 2.f, 9.a, 9.d
Standards Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124–125
Chapter 3 Density and Buoyancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Lesson 1 Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 8.a, 8.b, 9.f
Lesson 2 Pressure and the Buoyant Force . . . . . . . . 140 8.c
Lesson 3 Sinking and Floating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 8.d, 9.f
Standards Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164–165
Read on Your Own . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Unit Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Spiny box fish
Unit 2 Structure of Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168
Chapter 4 Understanding the Atom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
California Standards
Lesson 1 Atoms—Basic Units of Matter . . . . . . . . . 174 3.a
Lesson 2 Discovering Parts of the Atom . . . . . . . . . 182 3.a
Lesson 3 Elements, Isotopes, and Ions—How Atoms Differ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 3.f, 7.b, 9.e
Standards Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212–213
Chapter 5 Combining Atoms and Molecules . . . . . . . . .214
Lesson 1 How Atoms Form Compounds . . . . . . . . 218 3.a, 3.b, 3.f
Lesson 2 Forming Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 3.b, 3.c, 7.c, 9.a, 9.e
Standards Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248–249
Atomic force micrograph of yttrium oxide molecules
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Chapter 6 States of Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
California Standards
Lesson 1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 3.d, 3.e
Lesson 2 Changes in States of Matter . . . . . . . . . . . 261 3.d, 3.e, 9.e, 9.g
Standards Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284–285
Chapter 7 The Periodic Table and Physical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Lesson 1 Organization of the Periodic Table . . . . . 290 3.f, 7.a
Lesson 2 Isotopes and Radioactivity . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 7.a, 7.b, 9.e
Lesson 3 Physical Properties and Changes . . . . . . . 313 5.d, 7.c, 9.a
Standards Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328–329
Read on Your Own . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
Unit Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Unit 3 Chemical Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .332
Chapter 8 Chemical Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Lesson 1 Chemical Properties and Changes . . . . . . 338 3.f, 5.a, 7.c
Lesson 2 Chemical Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 3.b, 3.f, 5.b
Lesson 3 Energy and Chemical Changes . . . . . . . . . 358 5.c, 9.a, 9.e
Standards Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374–375
Dry ice sublimating
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Chapter 9 Acids and Bases in Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
California Standards
Lesson 1 Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 7.c, 9.e
Lesson 2 Acidic, Basic, and Neutral Solutions . . . . 394 5.e, 9.a, 9.b, 9.e
Standards Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416–417
Chapter 10 Chemistry of Living Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . .418
Lesson 1 Chemistry of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 6.b, 6.c
Lesson 2 Carbon Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 3.c, 6.a, 6.b
Lesson 3 Compounds of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 6.c, 9.c
Standards Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452–453
Read on Your Own . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
Unit Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
Unit 4 Earth in Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456
Chapter 11 Our Solar System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
Lesson 1 Structures of the Solar System . . . . . . . . . 462 2.g, 4.c, 4.d, 4.e
Lesson 2 The Sun-Earth-Moon System . . . . . . . . . . 472 4.d
Lesson 3 The Planets and Their Moons . . . . . . . . . 478 4.d, 4.e, 9.e
Lesson 4 Asteroids, Comets, and Meteoroids . . . . . 489 4.c, 4.e, 9.a
Standards Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502–503
The Sun
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Chapter 12 Stars and Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
California Standards
Lesson 1 Stars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508 4.b, 4.c, 4.d
Lesson 2 How Stars Shine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519 2.g, 4.d
Lesson 3 Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528 4.a, 4.b, 4.c, 9.d
Standards Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544–545
Read on Your Own . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546
Unit Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547
At-Home Standards Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548
Galaxy NGC 3310 as viewed through the Hubble telescope.
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Student Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
Science Safety Skill Handbook . . . . 572
Technology Skill Handbook . . . . . . . 575
Math Skill Handbook Math Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .579
Science Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .589
Reference Handbook Using a Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .594
Understanding Scientific Terms . . . . . . . . . .595
Science Referece Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .597
Physical Science Reference Tables . . . . . . . .598
Periodic Table of the Elements . . . . . . . . . . .600
English/Spanish Glossary . . . . . . . . .602
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614
Credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .624
The Japanese bullet train can travel at speeds up to 260 km/h.
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BrainPOP Movies
Acceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Newton’s Laws of Motion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Atomic Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Isotopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Matter Changing State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
States of Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Property Changes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
Acids and Bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Tides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2
Solar System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3
Title Chapter-Lesson
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To view BrainPOP Movies go to ca8.msscience.com. The features listed here correlate to their respective chapter’s science content.
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Chapter/ Page
Science & Career
Science & Technology
Science & History
Science & Society
176–77
Automobile Designer GPS Shows the Way Galileo and Scientific Theories
Henry Ford and the Assembly Line
2118–119
Rocket Scientist Hi-Tech Roller Coasters
Isaac Newton: Bestselling Author?
What keeps a bridge from falling down?
3158–159
Can ice cubes sink in water?
Biodiesel Cannery Row Los Angeles Smog
4206–207
Chien-Shiung Wu Nuclear Power Three Mile Island Accident
Dropping the Atomic Bomb
5242–243
CFCs and the Ozone Layer
Sweeter Than Sugar Discovering DNA’s Structure
The Human Genome Project
6278–279
New and Improved World Record Holder Statistical Matters A Cool Way To Go
7322–323
The Chemistry of Color
Superconductors Uses of Lead in History
Fluoridation of Drinking Water
8368–369
Hazardous Materials Specialist
Green Chemistry at Work
Soft Drinks, Erasers, and More
The Nose Knows
9410–411
Yuan T. Lee Acid Rain Prevention Gilbert N. Lewis Acetylsalicylic Acid
10446–447
Something in the Air...
Now, Spit! What do you mean by that?
Labeling Trans Fat
11496–497
Designing the New Generation of Spacecraft
The Search for Extra-Solar Planets
Johannes Kepler’s Revolutionary Laws
Deadly Impact
12538–539
Stephen Hawking: An Extraordinary Mind
Adaptive Optics Kepler’s Supernova Watching the Heat
The features listed here correlate to their respective chapter’s science content.
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Labs California Standards
Chapter 3 A Homemade Hydrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156–157 8.d, 9.f
Chapter 5 Growing Crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240–241 3.c, 9.a
Chapter 6 Does change of state take longer for some liquids? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276–277 9.e
Chapter 7 Investigating Physical Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320–321 7.c, 9.a
Chapter 10 Polarity and Living Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444–445 6.c, 9.c
Chapter 11 Model the Solar System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494–495 4.c, 9.a
Design Your Own Labs Chapter 1 Graphing Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74–75 1.f, 9.e
Chapter 2 Comparing Mass and Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116–117 2.d, 9.a, 9.d
Chapter 4 Build an Atom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204–205 3.a
Chapter 8 Dirty Jewelry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366–367 5.a, 9.a
Chapter 9 Solubility and pH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408–409 5.e, 9.a, 9.e
Chapter 12 A Star is Born . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536–537 4.b, 4.d
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California Standards
Chapter 1 How do you get there from here? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 1.a, 9.b
Chapter 2 Can you feel the force? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 2.c
Chapter 3 Can you push the beach ball under water? . . . . . . . . . . . 127 8.c
Chapter 4 What’s in the box? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 3.a
Chapter 5 What do structures made of atoms look like? . . . . . . . . 215 3.b
Chapter 6 Model for Particle Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 3.e
Chapter 7 Which element are you? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 3.f
Chapter 8 Can you see a chemical reaction taking place? . . . . . . . 335 5.a
Chapter 9 Where’s that bubble? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 5.e
Chapter 10 What is a life chemical? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 6.b
Chapter 11 How do you measure distance? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 9.b
Chapter 12 How far away are the stars and how many are there? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 2.g, 4.a, 4.b, 4.c
California Standards
Chapter 1 Negative Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 1.a
Can you measure average speed? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 1.b, 9.b
Chapter 2 Can you measure the force of friction? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 2.a, 2.d
Does water exert a force? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 2.e
Chapter 3 Can you feel the buoyant force? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 8.c
Do cold things float? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 8.d
Chapter 4 How big are the particles in an atom? . . . . . . . 181 3.a
How do electrons move? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 3.a
Chapter 5 How can you model molecules? . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 3.b
Chapter 6 Observing Fluid Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 3.e
Sensing Evaporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 3.e
Chapter 7 Can you guess the element? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 3.f
Which parachute will drop first? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 7.c, 9.a
Chapter 8 How can you tell a chemical change from a physical change? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 5.a
Can you model the burning of methane? . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 3.b, 5.b
This lab might be performed at home.
(continued) California Standards
Chapter 9 How can you determine pH? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 5.e, 9.b
Chapter 10 How much water is in celery? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 6.c
Modeling Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434 6.a
Chapter 11 How do planets move? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464 4.d
How does the Moon change its shape in the sky? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 4.d
How do craters appear? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492 4.e
California Standards
Chapter 1 How can a graph show relative positions? . . . . 55 1.a
What can you learn from a graph? . . . . . . . . . . . 73 1.f, 9.d
Chapter 2 Can you add vertical forces? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 2.c, 9.g
Chapter 3 Can you calculate the density? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 8.b, 9.f
Chapter 4 How do atoms differ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 3.a, 3.f, 9.e
Chapter 5 How are ionic radii and lattice energies of salts related? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 3.b, 9.e
Chapter 6 How are boiling point and atmospheric pressure related? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 3.d, 9.g
Chapter 7 How can you show a visual explanation of half-life? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 7.b, 9.e
Chapter 8 Where does the tablet go? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 5.b
How does temperature change as chemicals react? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 5.c, 9.e
Chapter 9 How do solubilities differ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 7.c, 9.e
Chapter 10 Which fat is healthy for you? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443 6.c, 9.e
Chapter 11 How large are the planets? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485 4.e, 9.e
Chapter 12 Can you identify elements in a star? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 4.d
How fast is the universe expanding? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535 4.c
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Get Ready to Read Chapter 1 Preview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Chapter 2 Identify the Main Idea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Chapter 3 New Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Chapter 4 Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Chapter 5 Visualize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Chapter 6 Questioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Chapter 7 Make Predictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Chapter 8 Identify Cause and Effect . . . . . . . . . . . 336
Chapter 9 Make Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Chapter 10 Summarize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
Chapter 11 Compare and Contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460
Chapter 12 Make Inferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
Target Your Reading Chapter 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Chapter 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Chapter 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Chapter 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Chapter 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Chapter 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Chapter 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Chapter 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Chapter 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Chapter 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Chapter 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
Chapter 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507
Applying Math Chapter 1 Using the Speed Equation to Find Distance and Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Chapter 2 Finding Force and Acceleration . . . . . . 115
Chapter 3 Solve for Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Using the Density Equation to Find Mass and Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Solve for Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Chapter 4 Mass of Subatomic Particles . . . . . . . . 180
Chapter 5 Formula Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Chapter 6 Packing Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Chapter 7 Isotope Half-Life Conversions . . . . . . . 311
Chapter 8 Calculate Change in Heat of a Reaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
Chapter 9 Comparing pH Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Chapter 10 Bond Angles in Organic Chemistry . . . 437
Chapter 11 Parts of an Elliptical Orbit . . . . . . . . . . 471
Chapter 12 Brightness of Stars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518
The California Science, Math and Language Arts correlations for these features can be found on the referenced page.
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