Transcript
8/3/2019 Intro to PC
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Physical Computingsay what??
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Computer Interactivity as We Know It
Input:
Keyboard
Mouse Voice
Output
Text Images (static & dynamic)
Audio
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Physical Computing Interactivity: Input
Sensors that detect:
sound (volume; frequency; language)
light (luminosity; chroma)
movement / speed
proximity (infrared); global position (GPS)
heat
moisture
touch
force / pressure
digital information (computer)
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Physical Computing Interactivity: Output
sound
lights motors
digital devices
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Transduction
A fancy word referring to the convergence of one form
of energy into another. For us, it is converting the
intentions of the user into action.
A microphone changes sound waves into variable
electrical voltage. Speakers reverse the process.
Sensors convert forms of energy into digital data that
the micro-controller can then convert into instructions
to trigger specific actions (more energy) by an output
device.
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Processing
Turn a light on and off and the relationship between the switch and the light is
direct: if the switch is up, the light is on; if the switch is down, the light is off.
Insert a computer in the form of a micro-controller between the switch (input)
and the light (output) and you can add complexity to this simple formula. Perhaps
two clicks are required to turn it on. Or perhaps it only works if another light in the
adjoining room is on. This requires processing.
Giving the user choice requires coding with an if-then statement. If switch 2 is
also on, then turn on light 1.
The Arduino board uses a simple programming language with lots of built-incode. Another (more powerful) programming language used for physical computing
is the Processing language.
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Circuits & Micro-controllers
A circuit is a closed loop containing a source of electrical energy
(e..g, a battery) and a load (e.g., a light bulb).
A circuit board connects wires from the transducers and
channels the input to the micro-controller Schematics are diagrams showing the connections between the
electronic components
Think ofmicro-controllers as small computers embedded on a
chip, whose job it is to act as a gateway between the physical
world and the computing world Arduino is an open-source, single-board micro-controller. It has
minimal bult-in intelligence. You have to clearly tell it everything you
want it to do.
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Electricity & Electronics
Electricity, and specifically electric current, is the flow of
electrons, which can be converted into energy that can power
mechanical devices (but only since the late 19th century!). A switch interrupts the flow of electrons.
A.C. (alternating current) travels in two directions and is better for
longer distances.
D.C. (direct current) travels in one direction
Most electronic devices use D.C. at low voltage, which is whythese devices come with converters
Electronics is a subset ofelectricity, converting the flow of
electrons into information; it uses very little power.
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Physical Computing Possibilities
Any action you can detect with a sensor can be
converted into digital information that can then be used
to control an output device. For example, someones position in a room as
determined by a GPS could control the choice or
volume of an audio selection.
Physical computing is used in toys, mobile devices,art installations, and interactive performance.
The skys the limit!
Thursday November 17 2011
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